Effects of simulated rainfall events on soil carbon transformation

Soil Research ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaying Zhang ◽  
Zhongbing Lin ◽  
Renduo Zhang ◽  
Jing Shen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Water Content ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Simulated Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Respiration Rates

The storage of carbon (C) in soils can be influenced by rainfall patterns that affect both inputs from plant productivity and losses through soil respiration. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of rainfall on the soil C transformation. A laboratory experiment was conducted using soil columns with different treatments, including a control with constant water content, and rainfall treatments with applications of 3, 6, and 10 simulated rainfall events during an experimental period of 31 days. Results showed that pulses of soil respiration rates occurred after the first 3 rainfall events, associated with soil water content and CO2 concentration pulses in the soil profile, while subsequent rainfall events did not result in similar increases in CO2 concentrations and respiration rates. Relative to the control treatment, the treatments with low (3 rainfall events) and moderate (6 rainfall events) amounts of total water applied resulted in 181% and 72% increases, respectively, in cumulative CO2 emission. In contrast, the high frequency rainfall treatment with the greatest amount of water resulted in a 40% reduction in cumulative CO2 emission. Soil microbial biomass C slightly increased under treatments with low and moderate rainfall treatments, but decreased under the treatment with 10 rainfall events. The results indicate that rainfall events with a high frequency and increased amount of water, and associated saturation of soils, can significantly reduce soil C losses during the wet season. The rainfall frequency and amount are of importance in controlling soil C emissions and should be incorporated into models of soil C dynamics.

Soil Water Content and Soil Respiration Rates Are Reduced for Years Following Wildfire in a Hot and Dry Climate

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sol C. Cooperdock ◽  
Christine V. Hawkes ◽  
Derry R. Xu ◽  
Daniel O. Breecker
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Respiration Rates

Impact of temperature and moisture on heterotrophic soil respiration along a moist tropical forest gradient in Australia

Soil Research ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 286 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Zimmermann ◽  
K. Davies ◽  
V. T. V. Peña de Zimmermann ◽  
M. I. Bird
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Soil Cores ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Specific Temperature

Tropical forests represent the largest store of terrestrial carbon (C) and are potentially vulnerable to climatic variations and human impact. However, the combined influence of temperature and precipitation on aboveground and belowground C cycling in tropical ecosystems is not well understood. To simulate the impact of climate (temperature and rainfall) on soil C heterotrophic respiration rates of moist tropical forests, we translocated soil cores among three elevations (100, 700 and 1540 m a.s.l.) representing a range in mean annual temperature of 10.9°C and in rainfall of 6840 mm. Initial soil C stocks in the top 30 cm along the gradient increased linearly with elevation from 6.13 kg C m–2 at 100 m a.s.l. to 10.66 kg C m–2 at 1540 m a.s.l. Respiration rates of translocated soil cores were measured every 3 weeks for 1 year and were fitted to different model functions taking into account soil temperature, soil moisture, mean annual temperature and total annual rainfall. Measured data could be best fitted to the model equation based on temperature alone. Furthermore, Akaike’s information criteria revealed that model functions taking into account the temperature range of the entire translocation gradient led to better estimates of respiration rates than functions solely based on the site-specific temperature range. Soil cores from the highest elevation revealed the largest temperature sensitivity (Q10 = 2.63), whereas these values decreased with decreasing elevation (Q10 = 2.00 at 100 m a.s.l.) or soil C stocks. We therefore conclude that increased temperatures will have the greatest impact on soil C stocks at higher elevations, and that best projections for future soil respiration rates of moist tropical forest soils can be achieved based on temperature alone and large soil cores exposed to temperatures above site-specific temperature regimes.

scholarly journals Respiration characteristics and its responses to hydrothermal seasonal changes in reconstructed soils

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Lei ◽  
Juan Li ◽  
Tianqing Chen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Exponential Function ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Volumetric Water Content ◽  
Heterotrophic Respiration ◽  
Autotrophic Respiration ◽  
Monthly Average ◽  
Respiration Rates

AbstractSeasonal changes in respiration and the components of four reconstructed soils (gravel + meteorite + lou; gravel + shale + lou; gravel + sand + lou; and gravel + soft rock + lou) in barren gravel land were monitored using the soil carbon flux measurement system. The results showed that (1) the monthly average respiration rate and the rates of the components in the four reconstructed soils were the highest in summer and lowest in winter. In winter, the monthly average respiration rates of the four reconstructed soils were not different (p > 0.05). In summer, the monthly average respiration rate of the sand or meteorite reconstructed soil was different from that of the other three (p < 0.05). (2) The heterotrophic and autotrophic respiration rates were different between the four reconstructed soils (p < 0.05). The contribution of heterotrophic respiration to total respiration in the four reconstructed soils was greater than that of autotrophic respiration throughout the year. In winter, autotrophic respiration accounts for the smallest proportion of total respiration. As the temperature rises, the proportion of autotrophic respiration to total respiration gradually increases and peaks in summer. In summer, the proportion of heterotrophic respiration in the total respiration is the smallest. With the decrease in temperature, the proportion of heterotrophic respiration in total respiration gradually increases and peaks in winter. (3) The maximum and minimum values of the monthly average respiration rate of the four reconstructed soils coincided with the months of maximum and minimum soil temperature. The soil volumetric water content changed with the amount of precipitation. The correlation between soil respiration and temperature was greater than that between soil respiration and volumetric water content. (4) The correlation in seasonal variation between respiration of the four remodelled soils and hydrothermal factors in the study area can be characterised by an exponential function and power-exponential function.

scholarly journals Soil CO2 emission in ‘Tifton 85’ bermudagrass pasture fertilized with liquid pig slurry

2021 ◽  
pp. 661-668
Author(s):  
Adilson Amorim Brandão ◽  
Eduardo Guimarães Couto ◽  
Renato de Aragão Ribeiro Rodrigues ◽  
Oscarlina Lúcia dos Santos Weber ◽  
Osvaldo Borges Pinto Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Soil Co2 Emission ◽  
The Impact

The application of liquid pig slurry (LPS) to pastures offers potential as a fertilizer but could have a direct influence on soil CO2 emissions. This study evaluated soil carbon dioxide emissions after successive LPS applications to soils under pasture cultivation. The experiment was carried out on ‘Tifton-85’ bermudagrass pasture cultivated in a red-yellow oxisol soil in the municipality of Lucas do Rio Verde-MT, Brazil. Two treatments were evaluated: the control and an application of 20 m3 ha-1 of LPS after each cut of the pasture. The CO2 emissions from the soil were determined using a high-precision infrared gas analyzer. Soil temperature and soil moisture were determined as were micrometeorological variables. The application of LPS had a significant effect on soil C-CO2 flow. The average flow of C-CO2 from the soil for the control treatment and with the application of LPS was 0.236 g C-CO2 m-2 h-1 and 0.291 g C-CO2 m-2 h-1, respectively. The application of LPS increased the accumulated CO2 emissions from the soil by 23.2%. Soil temperature and moisture are the main factors regulating the process of soil CO2 emission. These factors therefore need to be considered when evaluating the impact of LPS application on greenhouse gas emissions

scholarly journals Effects of long-term nitrogen addition on soil respiration and its components in a boreal forest

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guancheng Liu ◽  
Tong Liu ◽  
Guoyong Yan ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Xiaochun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Nitrogen Addition ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
N Addition ◽  
Soil C ◽  
C And N

Abstract Background Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition in boreal forest ecosystems increased gradually with the development of industry and agriculture, but the effects of N input on soil CO2 fluxes in these ecosystems were rarely reported in previous studies. To evaluate the effect of N addition on soil respiration is of great significance for understanding the distribution of soil carbon (C) on the N gradient in forest ecosystems.Results In this study, four treatment levels of N addition (0, 25, 50, 75 kg N ha− 1 yr− 1) were applied to natural Larix gmelinii forest in Greater Khingan Mountains of northeast China. We focused mainly on the dynamics of soil respiration (Rs), heterotrophic respiration (Rh), autotrophic respiration (Ra), microbial biomass C and N (MBC and MBN) and fine root biomass (FRB) in a growing season. We found that low N addition significant increased Rs, Rh and Ra, but with the increase of N addition, the promotion effect was gradually weakened. Medium N increased the temperature sensitivity (Q10) of Rs and Rh components, while medium N and high N significantly reduced the Q10 of Ra. Ra was positively correlated with FRB; Rh was positively correlated with soil MBC and MBN; and RS was probably driven by Ra from May to July, while by Rh in August and September.Conclusions Long-term N addition alleviated microbial N limitation, promoted soil respiration and accelerated soil C and N cycle in boreal forest ecosystems.

Soil carbon and nitrogen pools and processes in an old-growth conifer forest 13 years after trenching

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 1261-1265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen C Hart ◽  
Phil Sollins
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
N Mineralization ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Conifer Forest ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Soil C And N ◽  
C And N

We measured surface soil (0-15cm) C and N pools and processes inside and outside an area that had been trenched 13 years earlier in an old-growth conifer forest (>450 years) to assess the long-term impacts of reduced root inputs on C and N turnover. Trenching, combined with frequent clipping of understory plants, was originally conducted to prevent nutrient uptake by plants, as part of a study of the role of vegetation in ecosystem retention of N. Thirteen years following trenching, the median values of bulk density, pH, total C and N concentrations, annual rates of in situ net N mineralization and nitrification, microbial biomass C and N, microbial respiration, and anaerobically mineralizable N in the trenched plot were all within the 25-75% interquartile range of values found in the replicated, untrenched plots. The trenched plot had higher rates of net N mineralization (41% higher in October, 484% higher in June) and net nitrification (25% higher in October, and lower net NO3- immobilization in June) during laboratory incubation and a 22% higher water content in October. In June, soil water content in the trenched plot was about 8% lower than in the untrenched plots. Our results suggest that soil C and N dynamics in these old-growth forests are relatively resistant to perturbations resulting from major reductions in root input to the soil.

scholarly journals Use of polyacrylamide as an erosion control strategy in a highly eroded soil of Puerto Rico.

1969 ◽  
Vol 91 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 87-100
Author(s):  
Gustavo A. Martínez-Rodríguez ◽  
Miguel A. Vázquez ◽  
José L. Guzmán ◽  
Rafael Ramos-Santana ◽  
Onilda Santana
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Erosion Control ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Sediment Concentration ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Sediment Runoff ◽  
Simulated Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Runoff Event

High sediment loads from agriculture and construction sites are a major source of surface water contamination in Puerto Rico. The use of anionic polyacrylamide polymers (PAM) is quickly gaining recognition as a cost-effective short-term erosion control strategy. In this study we evaluated the effectiveness of different dosages and formulations of anionic PAM in a highly weathered soil (Corozal clay—Typic Hapludult) of the tropics under steep slope (20%) conditions. A series of indoor box experiments were conducted according to guidelines of the National Research Project for Simulated Rainfall. Three formulations of PAM, namely, SOILFLOC™ 300 E, SOILFIX™ LDP, and a synthetic formulation from Aldrich Chemical Company (PAM-Ald) were evaluated at the following rates: 0 (control), 20 kg/ha, 80 kg/ha, and 120 kg/ha of active ingredient. Simulated rainfall (7 cm/h) experiments were conducted at: one, two, eight, 30 and 60 days after polymer application. Additions of PAM at rates of 80 and 120 kg/ha significantly reduced sediment concentration in runoff relative to that of the control and of the 20 kg/ha PAM rate. At their highest rates, all PAM products reduced sediment runoff by more than 75% relative to the control in all events. The effectiveness of the 20 kg/ha PAM rate was lost after two rainfall events. At the third runoff event the percentage sediment concentration reduction (relative to that of the control) was less than 50% for the 20 kg/ha PAM-Ald formulation and less than 20% in the case of SoilFloc. Time to runoff was largely influenced by soil moisture content. In the last two rainfall events (30 and 60 days after PAM application), time to runoff was also significantly influenced by PAM rate. Runoff occurred faster with the control and the low PAM rate relative to that of the high PAM rates. These results could be attributed to the effects of surface sealing and enhancement of rill formation at the surface of the control and the low (20 kg/ha) PAM treatments. Sixty days after PAM application, estimates of cumulative sediment production for the 30-minute runoff event were 2.3 Mg/ha in the control treatment vs. 0.18,0.07, and 0.08 Mg/ha for the 120 kg/ha rate of SoilFloc, SoilFix, and PAM-Ald, respectively.

Influence of fire on root biomass dynamics and soil respiration rates in young corsican pine (Pinus nigra) stands in Turkey

2006 ◽  
Vol 234 ◽  
pp. S195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aydın Tüfekçioğlu ◽  
Mehmet Küçük ◽  
Bülent Sağlam ◽  
Ertuğrul Bilgili ◽  
Lokman Altun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Pinus Nigra ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Biomass Dynamics

scholarly journals Dynamics of the soil respiration response to soil reclamation in a coastal wetland

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiliang Song ◽  
Yihao Zhu ◽  
Weifeng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Coastal Wetlands ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Soil Reclamation ◽  
Diurnal Changes ◽  
Seasonal Scale ◽  
Study Sites

AbstractThe soil carbon (C) pools in coastal wetlands are known as “blue C” and have been damaged extensively owing to climate change and land reclamation. Because soil respiration (RS) is the primary mechanism through which soil carbon is released into the atmosphere at a global scale, investigating the dynamic characteristics of the soil respiration rate in reclaimed coastal wetlands is necessary to understand its important role in maintaining the global C cycle. In the present study, seasonal and diurnal changes in soil respiration were monitored in one bare wetland (CK) and two reclaimed wetlands (CT, a cotton monoculture pattern, and WM, a wheat–maize continuous cropping pattern) in the Yellow River Delta. At the diurnal scale, the RS at the three study sites displayed single-peak curves, with the lowest values occurring at midnight (00:00 a.m.) and the highest values occurring at midday (12:00 a.m.). At the seasonal scale, the mean diurnal RS of the CK, CT and WM in April was 0.24, 0.26 and 0.79 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1, and it increased to a peak in August for these areas. Bare wetland conversion to croplands significantly elevated the soil organic carbon (SOC) pool. The magnitude of the RS was significantly different at the three sites, and the yearly total amounts of CO2 efflux were 375, 513 and 944 g CO2·m−2 for the CK, CT and WM, respectively. At the three study sites, the surface soil temperature had a significant and positive relationship to the RS at both the diurnal and seasonal scales, and it accounted for 20–52% of the seasonal variation in the daytime RS. The soil water content showed a significant but negative relationship to the RS on diurnal scale only at the CK site, while it significantly increased with the RS on seasonal scale at all study sites. Although the RS showed a noticeable relationship to the combination of soil temperature and water content, the synergic effects of these two environment factors were not much higher than the individual effects. In addition, the correlation analysis showed that the RS was also influenced by the soil physico-chemical properties and that the soil total nitrogen had a closer positive relationship to the RS than the other nutrients, indicating that the soil nitrogen content plays a more important role in promoting carbon loss.

scholarly journals C and N urban soil budget and its spatial differentiation in comparison with natural areas in the Wroclaw region of Poland

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 00085
Author(s):  
Izabela Sówka ◽  
Yaroslav Bezyk ◽  
Maxim Dorodnikov
Keyword(s):  
Urban Soil ◽  
Spatial Differentiation ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Natural Areas ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Soil C And N ◽  
C And N ◽  
Natural Grassland

An assessment of C and N balance in urban soil compared to the natural environment was carried out to evaluate the influence of biological processes along with human-induced forcing. Soil C and N stocks were quantified on the samples (n=18) collected at 5 - 10 cm depth from dominated green areas and arable lands in the city of Wroclaw (Poland) and the relatively natural grassland located ca. 36 km south-west. Higher soil carbon and nitrogen levels (C/N ratio = 11.8) and greater microbial biomass C and N values (MBC = 95.3, MBN = 14.4 mg N kg-1) were measured in natural grassland compared with the citywide lawn sites (C/N ratio = 15.17, MBC = 84.3 mg C kg-1, MBN = 11.9 mg N kg-1), respectively. In contrast to the natural areas, the higher C and N concentration was measured in urban grass dominated soils (C = 2.7 % and N = 0.18 % of dry mass), which can be explained mainly due to the high soil bulk density and water holding capacity (13.8 % clay content). The limited availability of soil C and N content was seen under the arable soil (C = 1.23 %, N = 0.13 %) than in the studied grasslands. In fact, the significantly increased C/N ratios in urban grasslands are largely associated with land conversion and demonstrate that urban soils have the potential to be an important reservoir of C.

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