Influence of diazotrophic inoculations on nitrogen nutrition of rice

Soil Research ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 1543 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Das ◽  
D. Saha
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Concomitant Increase ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Rhizosphere Soils ◽  
Successful Inoculation

An experiment was conducted in microplots (7 by 7m) to investigate the effect of 2 non-symbiotic N2-fixing bacteria [Azotobacter (strain CS1) and Azospirillum (strain CM4)] in the presence of 50 kg N/ha on the performances of the diazotrophs with respect to nitrogen accretion and its transformation in the rhizosphere soils of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. IR-36). In most cases, a successful inoculation of the diazotrophs was recorded, with the proliferation of Azotobacter and Azospirillum, either alone or in combination, in the rhizosphere soils, and nitrogenase activity (C2H2 reduction) of the microbes was present in rice roots. The uninoculated soil receiving 100 kg N/ha recorded the highest amount of total nitrogen, non-hydrolysable organic nitrogen, available nitrogen, and hydrolysable organic nitrogen content in the rhizosphere soils, resulting in greater yield of the crop. Inoculation of the diazotrophs substantially increased different fractions of nitrogen content in the rhizosphere soils, and the increase in total nitrogen, non-hydrolysable organic nitrogen, and hydrolysable organic nitrogen was greater due to Azotobacter than either Azospirillum or a combination of Azotobacter and Azospirillum. Total and mineral nitrogen content increased at maximum tillering to flowering stages of the crop, followed by a decline at maturity, whereas, hydrolysable organic nitrogen decreased with a concomitant increase in non-hydrolysable fraction with the age of the crop.

Soil Nitrogen Forms and Availability in Paddy Soil under Different Fertilization Methods

2014 ◽  
Vol 1073-1076 ◽  
pp. 643-647
Author(s):  
Ji Wang ◽  
Min Jie Fu ◽  
Yun Jiang Liang ◽  
Ze Yu Guan ◽  
Jiu Dao Li
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Path Analysis ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Amino Acid Nitrogen ◽  
Hydrolyzable Nitrogen

To reveal the characteristics of soil organic nitrogen components under different long-term fertilization methods in paddy fields, 7 typical paddy fields in the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture of Jilin Province were selected, and soil samples were collected from 0 to 10 cm and 10 to 20 cm. The samples were analyzed for available nitrogen, total nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen content and each component of organic nitrogen. The results showed that soil nitrogen decreased with increasing soil depth in the soil profile. Different fertilization methods had a significant or greater effect on the available nitrogen, total nitrogen and organic nitrogen in 0 to 10 cm soil, and it had a significant effect on the total nitrogen content in 10 to 20 cm soil. Combined applications of organic and inorganic fertilizer was beneficial for improving available soil nitrogen. Applying organic fertilizer was beneficial for the accumulation of total nitrogen and organic nitrogen. Organic nitrogen was a major part of soil nitrogen. In terms of directly affecting the path analysis, the effects of ammonia sugar nitrogen, acid-hydrolyzable unknown nitrogen and non-hydrolyzable nitrogen on available nitrogen are significant. A small negative correlation was shown between amino acid nitrogen and available nitrogen. Amino acid nitrogen indirectly affected the available nitrogen through other components. In terms of the general effect of the path analysis, the influence of non-hydrolyzable nitrogen to available nitrogen was the highest. An important factor to consider in relation to reasonable fertilization is that promoting non-hydrolyzable nitrogen and unknown acid-hydrolyzable nitrogen transformed into available nitrogen and accumulated available nitrogen.

scholarly journals Interrelationship between grain yield and physiological parameters of winter wheat nitrogen nutrition efficiency

Genetika ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-100
Author(s):  
Olivera Nikolic ◽  
Tomislav Zivanovic ◽  
Marija Kraljevic-Balalic ◽  
Milivoje Milovanovic
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Wheat Plant ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Plant Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Ground Part

This paper deals with interrelationship between grain yield and some physiological parameters of wheat plant nitrogen nutrition efficiency as well as interrelationships between these parameters and some yield related traits (biological yield, grain harvest index). The aim of such investigation is to affirm possibilities of using physiological parameters of wheat plant nitrogen nutrition efficiency as criterions in breeding on its grain yield. The investigation, conducted as three years field trials, included 30 wheat cultivars and perspective lines. There were studied: nitrogen content in the above - ground part of plant at anthesis, in grain, in straw and total nitrogen content at maturity, nitrogen harvest index, nitrogen reutilization, post - anthesis nitrogen accumulation and physiological efficiency of nitrogen. The positive and statistically high significant relationships between nitrogen content in the above - ground part of plant at anthesis, in grain and in straw, total nitrogen content at maturity, nitrogen reutilization and post - anthesis accumulation as physiological parameters and grain yield were registered in investigated material. Most of listed parameters, important by grain yield aspect, can be studied easily and measured before wheat vegetative period ends. The investigated parameters can be recommended as criterions for selecting of parental pairs and evaluating progeny in breeding of wheat on grain yield, considering to their determined interrelationships and their measurability.

A comparative study of the value of nitrate of soda, leguminous green manures and stable manure in cylinder experiments, 1907–1919

1921 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-336
Author(s):  
J. G. Lipman ◽  
A. W. Blair
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Stable Manure ◽  
Green Manure Crops

1. The work presented in this paper covers a period of 13 years and gives the results secured, by means of cylinder experiments, in a comparative test of nitrogen in nitrate of soda, stable manure, and leguminous green manure crops, on eight types of soil, seven of which are Coastal Plain soils.2. The work was carried out at the Experiment Station in galvanised iron cylinders similar to those used in the availability work which was started in 1898. 320 such cylinders were used, making it possible to run a four-year rotation on the eight types of soil with five different treatments for each type.3. The five treatments are as follows: Series I—no fertiliser. Series II—minerals only (phosphoric acid and potash). Series III—minerals and leguminous green manure crops to supply nitrogen for the four main crops. Series IV—minerals and stable manure.All cylinders receive liberal applications of ground limestone every five years.4. The rotation consists of rye, corn, potatoes and oats, all grown every year on the eight soils.Crops are harvested at or near maturity, dry weights recorded, and samples prepared and nitrogen determinations made in duplicate.5. Under all of the treatments the largest crops were obtained during the first two or three years of the period. From the point of maximum yield which in most cases occurred within the first three years, there has been a gradual decline in yields, both of total dry matter and total nitrogen.This decline, however, is not without some exceptions.Without exception the average yields for the 13 years are less than the average for the first seven years.6. Of the eight types of soil used Quinton sandy loam has consistently given the largest crops and the largest nitrogen return, followed closely by Penn loam. Norfolk sand has likewise consistently given the lowest returns.Windsor sand has shown a remarkable response to the green manure treatment.7. Of the five different treatments the green manure series has given the highest average returns on all the soils, although in a few cases scattered through the 13 years (and for the majority of the soil types during the first two years) the nitrate of soda series gave the largest yield. In a very few cases the yield on the stable manure series has exceeded that of the green manure series.The average yield of the nitrate series stands between the green manure and stable manure series.8. It has thus been shown that for a period of 13 years nitrogen supplied by leguminous green manure crops, grown between the main crops of the rotation, has been more effective in crop production than 15 tons of manure every two years, while at the same time the nitrogen content of the soil of the green manure series was maintained, for a period of five years at least, on a level with that of the stable manure series.9. It has also been shown that the green manure series yielded larger crops than the nitrate of soda series (160 lb. of nitrate per acre annually), while at the same time the nitrogen content of the soils of the former was maintained at a higher level than that of the latter.10. It is pointed out that it may be possible to maintain crop yields at a rather high level, even when the total nitrogen content of the soil is not kept at quite so high a level as was found in the original soil. Under such conditions, however, a constant turnover of readily available nitrogen is necessary.

scholarly journals Isolation and characterization of free-living nitrogen fixing bacteria from alkaline soils

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Madhu Smita ◽  
Dinesh Goyal
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
16S Rdna ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Paenibacillus Sp

Free living nitrogen fixing bacteria were isolated from soil on Jensen agar plates and were characterized phylogenetically by 16S rDNA sequence analysis. All the isolates (VS1, VS2, VS3, VS4) were Gram –ve, rod shaped. Antibiotic test revealed VS2 to be resistant to ampicillin and VS4 was resistant to both ampicillin and kanamycin; otherwise all the isolates were sensitive to chloramphenicol. Nitrogen fixation was studied by the estimation of total nitrogen and available nitrogen fixed by cultures in the medium and compared with the control culture of Azotobacter CBD15 (Azo) procured from IARI. VS2 and VS3 fixed 12.02 ppm/ml and 10.635 ppm/ml as available nitrogen content and 14.44 ppm/ml and 18.73 ppm/ml as total nitrogen content. 16S rDNA studies revealed identification of the isolates- Pseudomonas sp. (VS2) and Paenibacillus sp. (VS3 and VS4). VS3 and VS4 showed 98% similarity with P. borealis. Soils from which these microbes isolated were also characterized to understand the environment of these microbes. The pH and chemical characterization (Organic Carbon, Phosphorus, Sulphur, heavy metal analysis of different metals e.g. Zn, Cu, Cr, Pb, Ni and water holding capacity) of the soils showed them to be slightly alkaline and clayey loamy. Cloning of VS2 was done successfully with plasmid pMMB277 isolated from E. coli 2842.The significance of this study lies in the isolation of those bacteria which are comparable in their nitrogen fixing potential to Azotobacter.

PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF SMALL FABA BEANS GROWN IN MANITOBA

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. CANDLISH ◽  
K. W. CLARK
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Faba Beans

The growth, nitrogen content and nitrogenase activity of Diana and Ackerperle cultivars of faba beans (Vicia faba L. var. minor) were studied in the greenhouse and field. All inoculated seeds produced well nodulated plants. The total nitrogen fixed was 840 mg/plant in the second greenhouse experiment. The faba bean continued to fix nitrogen after pod formation. Application of nitrogen suppressed nitrogenase activity. Where no inoculum was applied to farmers’ fields in Manitoba, nodulation of faba beans was spotty, plant nitrogen was lower, and ethylene production was less than with plants from fields where inoculum was applied.

Operational Results of the Wolfsburg Wastewater Treatment Plant

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 203-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kayser ◽  
G. Stobbe ◽  
M. Werner
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Phosphate Removal ◽  
Total Nitrogen Content ◽  
Activated Sludge Process

At Wolfsburg for a load of 100,000 p.e., the step-feed activated sludge process for nitrogen removal is successfully in operation. Due to the high denitrification potential (BOD:TKN = 5:1) the effluent total nitrogen content can be kept below 10 mg l−1 N; furthermore by some enhanced biological phosphate removal about 80% phosphorus may be removed without any chemicals.

scholarly journals Exploring the role of macroalgal traits on the feeding behaviour of a generalist herbivore in Malaysian waters

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 407-417
Author(s):  
Lim Wai Yin ◽  
Lim Phaik Eem ◽  
Affendi Yang Amri ◽  
Song Sze Looi ◽  
Acga Cheng
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
South China ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Total Nitrogen Content ◽  
Generalist Herbivore ◽  
Macroalgal Species ◽  
Straits Of Malacca

AbstractWith the potential adverse effects of climate change, it is essential to enhance the understanding of marine ecosystem dynamics, which can be driven by the co-evolutionary interaction between autotrophs and herbivores. This study looked into the autotroph-herbivore interactions in Malaysian waters, mainly to determine if autotroph nutritional quality significantly influences herbivore consumption rates. We documented the relative consumption rate of a generalist herbivore (Chanos chanos Forsskål) obtained from the Straits of Malacca through multiple feeding trials using 12 macroalgal species collected from different coastal areas of the Straits of Malacca, the Straits of Johor, and the South China Sea. The herbivore fed selectively on the tested macroalgal species, with the most and least consumed species having the lowest and highest total nitrogen content, respectively. Besides total nitrogen content, the least consumed species also had the highest total phenolic content. Interestingly, we observed that the herbivore generally preferred to consume filamentous macroalgae, especially those collected from the South China Sea. Overall, our findings demonstrated that the feeding behaviour of a generalist herbivore could be influenced by the nutritional quality of the autotrophs, which may depend directly or indirectly on other factors such as autotroph morphology and geography.

Amelioration of sodic soils with blue-green algae

Soil Research ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 361 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Subhashini ◽  
BD Kaushik
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Algal Flora ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium ◽  
Sodic Soils ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Biological Input

Algal growth resulted in significant reductions in pH, electrical conductivity, exchangeable sodium and in hydraulic conductivity and aggregation status of the soil. There was a significant increase in the total nitrogen content of the soil due to algal growth. Two out of the three inoculated species of algae could establish in the pots along with the indigenous algal flora. Combination of gypsum and algal application were found to have appreciable reclamative properties, and the possibility of using algae as a biological input for the reclamation of sodic soils has been indicated.

The Feasibility Research for Detecting the Nitrogen Content in Sewage with NIPGA Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 602-605 ◽  
pp. 2445-2448
Author(s):  
Fu Quan Jia ◽  
Zhu Jun Tian
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Neutron Source ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Neutron Generator ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Total Nitrogen Content ◽  
Feasibility Research ◽  
Type Water

NIPGA technology is used in order to detect the total nitrogen content in sewage quickly. D-D neutron generator is used as the neutron source and BGO detector is used to detect gamma rays of nitrogen. The simulated result of MCNP shows the nitrogen’s limit of detection is 0.2 mg/L and the total nitrogen in V-type water can be detected. So this method can be used to detect the total nitrogen content in sewage quickly.

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