Wetting rate, sodicity, and soil texture effects on infiltration rate and runoff

Soil Research ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1293 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Mamedov ◽  
G. J. Levy ◽  
I. Shainberg ◽  
J. Letey
Keyword(s):  
Soil Texture ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Soil Sodicity ◽  
Surface Sealing ◽  
Sodium Percent ◽  
Simulated Rain ◽  
Wetting Rate

Surface sealing is determined by aggregate disintegration and clay dispersion, which in turn depend on aggregate wetting rate, and soil sodicity and texture. We hypothesised that soil susceptibility to seal formation increases when the aggregate wetting rate (WR) is increased, and that the effect of WR depends on soil texture and soil sodicity. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of WR on seal formation, by observing infiltration rate (IR) and runoff, in cultivated soils varying in clay content and exchangeable sodium percent (ESP). Effects of 3 wetting rates (2, 8, and 64 mm/h) on IR and runoff from 6 Israeli soils exposed to 60 mm of simulated rain of deionised water were studied in the laboratory. The soils ranged in clay from 8.8 to 68.3% and ESP levels from 0.9 to 20.4. Effects of WR on soil infiltration rate and runoff depended on soil texture and soil ESP. In soils with low clay content (8.8%), the effect of WR on seal formation was negligible, whereas effect of ESP was significant. Conversely, in clay soils (>52.1%), WR had a predominant effect on IR and runoff, while the effect of ESP was notable yet secondary to that of WR. The soils with intermediate clay content (22.5–40.2% clay) were the soils most susceptible to seal formation, with WR and ESP having moderate effects on seal formation. Effects of WR on aggregate disintegration and seal formation increased with increasing clay content and aggregate stability. Conversely, the role of ESP in determining sealing decreased with an increase in clay content and in WR.

scholarly journals The Influence of Soil Conditioning on Soil Infiltration Rate in Urban Facilities

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 222
Author(s):  
Searphin Nugroho ◽  
Wahyono Hadi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Texture ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Soil Conditioning ◽  
Creative Commons ◽  
The Difference

Several attempts have been made to increase the permeable area in the cities, which include the building of green facilities such as parks and urban forests. Since these areas were built with soil compaction, the potential for infiltrating water differs compared with the natural green area. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the influence of soil conditioning on the constant infiltration rate using variables such as soil compaction, texture, and the presence of vegetation cover in urban facilities. The data used were obtained through field infiltration measurement using a single ring infiltrometer. In this research, the analysis carried out includes soil texture, Horton equation, the difference between conditioned soils and control plots, and USDA hydrologic soil classifications. The results showed that all variables (soil compaction, the presence of vegetation cover, and soil texture) have a significant effect on the constant infiltration rate. Based on the soil conditioning, the infiltration rate is increased on the vegetated plots and decreased on the plots with the combination of vegetation and compaction, as well as the compacted plots. Furthermore, the effect of vegetation cover is more significant in silt loam textured soil, while the influence of compaction is more on clay textured soil. The potential constant infiltration rate on the plots of similar characteristics with green urban areas are on K2 and L2 with 2.698 mm/h and 1.525 mm/h, respectively. Therefore, these plots have a moderate runoff potential based on USDA hydrologic soil classification. Keywords: Compaction; Infiltration; Soil conditioning; Urban facilities   Copyright (c) 2021 Geosfera Indonesia and Department of Geography Education, University of Jember This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share A like 4.0 International License

Polymer molecular-weight and degree of drying effects on infiltration and erosion of three different soils

Soil Research ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Levy ◽  
M Agassi
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Polymer Molecular Weight ◽  
Infiltration Rates ◽  
Critical Problems ◽  
Simulated Rain ◽  
Different Soils

Low infiltration rate and high levels of soil erosion are critical problems in many soils worldwide. Amendment of soils with organic polymers could alleviate these problems. The objective of the present study is to investigate the effects of polymer molecular weight and the degree of drying on the infiltration rate of, and erosion from, three different soil types from Israel. A solution of high-molecular-weight (2x107 Da) or low-molecular-weight (2x105 Da) negatively charged polyacrylamide (PAMH and PAML, respectively) was added to the surface of soil samples packed in trays, at a rate of 20 kg ha-1. The soil samples were allowed to dry to varying degrees and were then exposed to 60 mm of simulated rain during which infiltration rate and soil loss were determined. The ability of the polymer to maintain high final infiltration rates (FIR) depended on its molecular weight and the clay content of the soils. In the coarse- and medium-textured soils, the PAMH was more effective than the PAML in maintaining high FIR. In the fine-textured soil, the effects of both polymers on Fm. were comparable; the use of the PAML is therefore preferable since it is easier to handle. Both polymers had reduced soil loss comparably. The effects of drying were similar for both polymers: the FIR and soil loss values with the intermediate degrees of drying were higher and lower, respectively, than they were with the no-drying or complete-drying treatments.

Soil salinization and sodication from alternate irrigations with saline-sodic water and simulated rain

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary D. Buckland ◽  
D. Rodney Bennett ◽  
Dennis E Mikalson ◽  
Eeltje de Jong ◽  
Chi Chang
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Supplemental Irrigation ◽  
Simulated Rain ◽  
Irrigation Waters

We conducted a greenhouse study on large, semi-disturbed soil cores excavated from the vicinity of Verdigris Lake in southern Alberta to assess the suitability of different saline-sodic waters for irrigation. Soil salinization and sodication, surface soil physical properties, and yield of five soft white spring wheat crops (Triticum aestivum L. var. AC Reed) were examined under alternate applications of simulated rain with saline-sodic irrigation waters ranging from "safe" to "potentially hazardous" for irrigation. Increased salinity and sodicity of irrigation waters alternated with simulated rain resulted in increased salinity and sodicity in the upper 0.60 to 0.90 m of the soil. Salt accumulation in the root zone decreased as the leaching fraction increased. Aggregate stability and infiltration properties of the soil were generally adversely affected by the more saline and sodic irrigation waters. Infiltration properties were significantly greater with irrigation water (IW) than with distilled water (DW). The soil infiltration rate at 2 h, with DW as the infiltrating water, was the most sensitive soil physical property for assessment of irrigation water suitability. The infiltration test after five crop cycles gave a better indication of the effects of excess sodicity of irrigation water on soil structural stability than the aggregate stability test. The cumulative effects of long-term supplemental irrigation with saline-sodic waters on soil chemical and physical properties need to be considered when assessing irrigation water suitability. Irrigation waters with electrical conductivity (EC) less than or equal to 1 dS m-1 and a sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) less than or equal to 5 did not result in deterioration of soil physical properties and were considered "safe" for supplemental irrigation of the Masinasin soil. Alternate applications of irrigation and distilled water should be used to evaluate soil infiltration rates and the structural stability of soils to which saline-sodic waters are to be applied. Key words: Saline-sodic irrigation water, soil salinity, soil sodicity, aggregate stability, infiltration, water quali

scholarly journals Developing a fuzzy logic model for predicting soil infiltration rate based on soil texture properties

Water SA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (3 July) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Z Dewidar ◽  
Hussein Al-Ghobari ◽  
Abed Alataway
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Fuzzy Model ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Infiltration Process ◽  
Soil Infiltration Rate ◽  
Mlr Model

The prediction of the soil infiltration rate is advantageous in hydrological design, watershed management, irrigation, and other agricultural studies. Various techniques have been widely used for this with the aim of developing more accurate models; however, the improvement of the prediction accuracy is still an acute problem faced by decision makers in many areas. In this paper, an intelligent model based on a fuzzy logic system (FLS) was developed to obtain a more accurate predictive model for the soil infiltration rate than that generated by conventional methods. The input variables that were considered in the fuzzy model included the silt and clay contents. The developed fuzzy model was tested against both the observed data and multiple linear regression (MLR). The comparison of the developed fuzzy model and MLR model indicated that the fuzzy model can simulate the infiltration process quite well. The coefficient of determination, root mean square error, mean absolute error, model efficiency, and overall index of the fuzzy model were 0.953, 1.53, 1.28, 0.953, and 0.954, respectively. The corresponding MLR model values were 0.913, 2.37, 1.92, 0.913, and 0.914, respectively. The sensitivity results indicated that the clay content is the most influential factor when the FLS-based modelling approach is used for predicting the soil infiltration rate.

scholarly journals Erosion Effect on Soil Physical Properties in Selected Farmlands in Gidan Kwano, Niger State

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 10-22
Author(s):  
Abdulkadir Abdullahi
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Cumulative Infiltration

The study was conducted to investigate if erosion is a major problem and to identify the effect of erosion on some physical properties on selected farmlands on four farms in Gidan kwano. It was done by observation, interview, and questionnaire and soil sample analysis. The infiltration rate, bulk density, porosity, organic matter content, particle size and aggregate stability were determined for all the sample location. The erosion fields results were compared with the results of the non-eroded fields. The results showed that farming was done with simple method and mechanized equipment when available and erosion was considered a major problem in all the farms. The results revealed that bulk density values ranged between 1.475gcm-3and 1.606gcm-3, cumulative infiltration rate fluctuated between 29.75cm/hr and 37.48cm/hr, porosity ranged between 36.49% and 44.34%, organic matter content fluctuated between 0.29% and 0.73% and aggregate stability ranged between 58.00% and 67.60% for the erosion field. The results also revealed that bulk density fluctuated between 1.458gcm-3and 1.544gcm-3, cumulative infiltration rate ranged between 32.19 cm/hr and 40.48cm/hr, porosity fluctuated between 41.73% and 44.98%, organic matter content ranged between 0.30% and 1.09% and aggregate stability ranged between 63.97% and 68.93% for the non-eroded field. From the results, it provides evidence that the effects of erosion on the physical properties were increased bulk density, decreased infiltration rate, organic matter content, porosity, aggregate stability and percentage sand, silt and clay content. Statistical analysis proved that the results were significant (p<0.05) except for the bulk density and porosity which could be attributed to the swelling and compaction characteristics of the soils.

scholarly journals Kriging: An advanced Geostatistical Tool to Interpolate the Textural Variation Influences the Yield and Productivity of Tapioca (Manihot esculenta) in Namakkal District, Tamil Nadu, India

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
V. Sabareeshwari ◽  
P. Christy Nirmala Mary ◽  
P. P. Mahendran ◽  
P. Saravana Pandian ◽  
A. Gurusamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Texture ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Conductivity Water ◽  
Average Standard Error

Soil texture is a vital variable that reflects a number of soil properties such as Bulk Density, Particle Density, Infiltration Rate, Hydraulic conductivity, Water holding capacity, nutrient storage and availability as well as transport and binding and stability of soil aggregates. For better tuber development in cassava soil texture plays vital role.  The main objective of this study is to produce kriged maps (Ordinary kriging map and semivariogram) to interpolate the soil texture for Tapioca growing soils of Paramthy block, Namakkal District at unsampled locations. In this study, nearly 54 surface samples were collected covering 19,149 ha of agriculture land with dominant cultivation of Tapioca. This study helps spatial interpolation of unsampled location of soil texture i.e. sand, silt and clay content which rules the soil physical, chemical and hydrological properties. The average standard error for sand and clay are 0.2 and 0.19 respectively. The results such as provided maps and their associated variance can be used as data source for the development and implementation of further land management and soil water conservation plans in the study area.

Effect of soil wetting conditions on seal formation, runoff, and soil loss in arid and semiarid soils—a review

Soil Research ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meni Ben-Hur ◽  
Marcos Lado
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Runoff And Soil Loss ◽  
Arid And Semiarid ◽  
Raindrop Impact

Soil surface sealing is one of the main causes for low infiltration rate (IR) and high runoff and soil loss under raindrop impact conditions in arid and semiarid regions. Many studies have focused on the effects of soil properties on seal formation under fast wetting conditions. However, in the field, soils can be exposed to different wetting conditions, before an intense rainfall event, which can affect the role of the soil properties on seal formation. The present paper reviews the effects of different initial wetting conditions and their interactions with soil properties on seal formation, IR, runoff, and soil loss in smectitic soils. Fast wetting of soil causes aggregate slaking, which enhances seal formation, runoff, and soil loss under rainfall, mainly in soils with > 40% clay content. An increase in clay content of the soil increases aggregate strength, but at the same time increases the slaking forces. Hence, in soils with low clay content (<40%) and low aggregate stability, raindrop impact alone was sufficient to break down the aggregates and to develop a seal. In contrast, in soils with > 40% clay content and high aggregate stability, slaking plays an important role in aggregate breakdown and seal formation. An increase of raindrop kinetic energy, from 8 to 15.9 kJ/m3, decreased the effect of the slaking forces on seal formation and runoff. It was suggested that the effects of raindrop kinetic energy and of the slaking forces on aggregate disintegration and seal formation are complementary. An increase in soil exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), from 0.9 to 20.4%, decreased the effect of slaking forces on seal formation and runoff production under rainfall with 15.9 kJ/m3 kinetic energy. Probably, increasing the ESP increased the soil dispersivity, and therefore diminished the effect of the slaking forces on aggregate disintegration and seal formation. Aging (the time since wetting) of soil increased the stability of soil structure, decreased the seal formation, maintained high IR, and diminished soil loss amounts. These effects of soil aging depend on both the prewetting rate of the soil and soil texture.

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