Oviposition periodicity, egg morphology and life history of large cabbage moth Crocidolomia pavonana population in Samoa

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
John B. Sulifoa ◽  
Sateki Fangupo ◽  
Rashmi Kant
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Trichogramma Chilonis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Egg Morphology ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Cabbage Moth

A study on the biology and behaviour of the Samoan population of Crocidolomia pavonana was carried out through a series of experiments. The study showed that C. pavonana completes its life cycle in 24-35 days. Female emerge, mate and oviposit (as egg mass) during the scotophase. The average size of egg mass was 9.0 ± 0.48 mm2 and the mean number of eggs oviposited were significantly (PC. pavonana oviposits small egg masses. This information could be used to develop effective pest management using the recently identified egg parasitoid Trichogramma chilonis.

The Life History and Habits of Chrysomela crotchi Brown (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Northwestern Ontario

1965 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 541-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. P. Smereka
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Predator Species ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
History Of ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Overwintering Mortality ◽  
Larval Parasites

AbstractThe life history of Chrysomela crotchi, a univoltine species commonly found on trembling aspen, was studied in northwestern Ontario from 1959 to 1962. The most striking feature of its life history was the longevity of adults, which were capable of overwintering two successive years. Overwintered adults became active and began feeding in late May, and oviposition occurred from early June to late July. The incubation period was approximately 10 days and the three larval instars required approximately one month for development to the adult stage.Females laid more eggs during their second season and the highest number laid was 326. The number of eggs in an egg mass averaged 37.6, and the average interval between the deposition of egg masses was 4 days. Males and females mated more than once, but only one mating was necessary for a female to produce viable eggs throughout the season. Males were capable of fertilizing more than one female and remained potent for more than one season.Parasitism was low, and only two species of larval parasites were reared. Several predator species were observed preying on the immature stages. Predation and overwintering mortality appeared to be the most important control factors.

LIFE HISTORY STUDIES OF THE TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE, EPITRIX HIRTIPENNIS (MELSHEIMER) (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)

1987 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Davis Martin ◽  
G. A. Herzog
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean

The life history of the tobacco flea beetle, Epitrix hirtipennis (Melsheimer) (= Epitrix parvula Fab.) was studied under the controlled conditions of 27 ± 2.8°C, 80 ± 6% and a 14L:10D photophase. Eggs matured in ca. 4 days, the larval stage, including 3 instars, developed in 13 days, prepupal development took 3 days and the pupal stage lasted approximately 5 days. There was a 24 day interval between oviposition and adult emergence. Females laid 3.1 eggs/day with a 13 day period between adult emergence and first oviposition. The mean number of total eggs/female was 138.6 ± 14.7. Female oviposition continued until a few days before death and adult longevity was approximately 70 days. A visual means of distinguishing between male and female beetles was also developed.

Aspects of the post-larval life history of Limnadia stanleyana King (Crustacea : Conchostraca)

1968 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 885 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Genetically Determined ◽  
Larval Life History ◽  
Moulting Cycle

L. stanleyana occurs in some rainwater pools near Sydney, N.S.W.. A study of the life history permits description of some aspects of the growth and morphological variation of the species. No growth rings are formed on the carapace during the initial stage of post-larval development. After this a ring is formed at each moult. Animals moult at regular intervals during the period of rapid growth which continues until after maturity. Moulting then occurs less frequently and eventually ceases in aged animals. The increment in size during each moulting cycle varies. It is greater in immature than is adult animals so although the increase in number of growth rings is linear the increase in size at this time is near exponential. The maximum size attained varies from generation to generation even in the same pool. There are sexual differences in the proportions of the carapace and damage due to injury increases markedly in aged animals. At 7.5�C third- and fourth-stage nauplii did not mature and scarcely grew during incubation for 336 hr. At 16, 20, and 25�C similar larvae grew to maturity in about 349, 161, and 109 hr respectively. The mean number of spines on telsons of animals from one pool is different from that of those from other pools. This situation merits further examination since the biological characteristics of the species facilitate the study of this quantitative, probably genetically determined, character in reproductively isolated populations.

Survival and dispersal of young larvae of Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepi-doptera: Pyralidae) in two cultivars of sorghum

1983 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Chapman ◽  
S. Woodhead ◽  
E. A. Bernays
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Chilo Partellus ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Vulnerable Period ◽  
History Of

AbstractThe establishment and survival of larvae of Chilo partellus (Swinh.) on two sorghum cultivars in the six days after hatching was investigated in the field in India. During this period relatively few larvae are present outside the whorls of the plants, and the numbers present six hours and three days after hatching are proportional to the numbers hatching. The number of larvae in the plants declines during these first three days, but subsequently is stable. Some dispersal to adjacent plants occurs during this period and, at the plant spacing used, approximately seven plants were infested by larvae from a single egg-mass of 40 eggs. The relative susceptibilities of the two cultivars, IS 1151 and IS 2205, altered with the age and size of the plants. This is a vulnerable period in the life-history of the insect and attention should be focused on it in developing resistant cultivars, but because the susceptibility of the plants changes with age it is important to decide the age at which protection would have the greatest economic value.

Lethal and sublethal effects of preimaginal treatments with two pyrethroids on the life history of the egg parasitoid Telenomus busseolae

BioControl ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 697-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Bayram ◽  
Gianandrea Salerno ◽  
Andrea Onofri ◽  
Eric Conti
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
History Of

A multi-year and multi-site population study on the life history of Salamandrina perspicillata (Savi, 1821) (Amphibia, Urodela)

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Utzeri ◽  
Claudio Angelini ◽  
Damiano Antonelli
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Population Study ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Life History Variation ◽  
Differential Growth ◽  
History Of ◽  
Natural Pond ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Site Population

Abstract We studied nine populations of Salamandrina perspicillata for two to nine years and described the life history variation among these population. Despite experiencing similar climatic conditions, populations differed in mean body size: populations using still water bodies for oviposition were larger body-sized than those using brooks. One semi-natural pond was used by particularly small individuals and was probably recently colonised. The mean body size of ovipositing females varied from year to year. Measurements of individuals in successive years showed that the tail grew more than the trunk and this differential growth increased with age. Females did not oviposit every year and, within a given population, the number of ovipositing females varied widely from year to year.

REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR OF TELENOMUS CALVUS (HYMENOPTERA: SCELIONIDAE), A PHORETIC EGG PARASITOID OF PODISUS MACULIVENTRIS (HEMIPTERA: PENTATOMIDAE)

1986 ◽  
Vol 118 (10) ◽  
pp. 1063-1072 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.B. Orr ◽  
J.S. Russin ◽  
D.J. Boethel
Keyword(s):  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Podisus Maculiventris ◽  
Progeny Production ◽  
Female Progeny ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Behavior

AbstractThe behavior, reproductive capability, and longevity of Telenomus calvus Johnson, a phoretic egg parasitoid of the spined soldier bug, Podisus maculiventris (Say), were examined in the laboratory. Telenomus calvus females were observed at 25 different locations on hosts’ bodies; preferred sites were pronota and femora. Attachment to hosts was facilitated by greatly enlarged arolia. Parasitoids dismounted from hosts at the time of oviposition to parasitize egg masses. Production of female progeny by parasitoids in phoretic association with hosts peaked on the 1st day after adult emergence, then declined steadily until day 6; male progeny production remained relatively low and constant over the same period. The mean (± SE) number of progeny produced by T. calvus females was 22.4 ± 3.0. Such a small egg complement enabled most females not in phoretic association, and presented with a fresh egg mass daily, to oviposit all or nearly all of their eggs in the first host egg mass encountered. The intrinsic rate of natural increase for T. calvus in phoretic association was estimated as 0.149 ♀ ♀−1 day−1, resulting in a doubling time of 4.65 days. Longevity on non-ovipositing females with access to honey was 33.7 ± 1.1 days, but declined sharply to 5.7 ± 0.4 days when in phoretic association with hosts. Pre-imaginal development of T. calvus was restricted to host eggs that were ≤12h old, despite continued observed oviposition attempts in older host masses. These results are discussed with regard to the biology of T. calvus as a phoretic parasitoid and to its importance as a parasitoid of P. maculiventris in Louisiana.

The life history of Diastylis sculpta Sars, 1871 (Crustacea: Cumacea) in Passamaquoddy Bay, New Brunswick

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 615-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Corey
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Shallow Water ◽  
Maximum Life Span ◽  
Summer Generation ◽  
Passamaquoddy Bay ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Gravid Females

Diastylis sculpta was collected from shallow water (1–15 m) in Passamaquoddy Bay over a 26-month period. D. sculpta produces a rapidly growing and developing summer generation between two successive winter generations. The overwintering generation releases young in mid-July and late August. The summer generation releases young in November. The mean fecundity of the summer-gravid females (78.4) is much greater than the mean fecundity (20.0) of the fall-gravid females. The maximum life-span is 5 months and 12 months for members of the summer and winter generations respectively.

scholarly journals Considerations on the Life-history of Tapeworms of the Genus Moniezia

Parasitology ◽  
1922 ◽  
Vol 14 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 268-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. Flattely
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Intermediate Stage ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
The Body ◽  
Domestic Sheep ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
History Of ◽  
Series Of Experiments

Lambs contract Moniezia infection either at or very soon after birth, since they have been observed to harbour adult worms at 2–3 months old and in one case, to pass proglottids at 4–6 weeks.The intermediate host, if such exists, must be frequent on the pasture in early spring, otherwise lambs would not be found to harbour adult tapeworms so regularly or in such numbers when slaughtered in early summer. In the small intestine of a lamb from 3–4 months old slaughtered at Aberystwyth, there occurred 75 individuals.The fact that lambs regularly harbour adult tapeworms before they are weaned suggests the possibility of their contracting the infection from the mother-ewes. No direct evidence in this direction has been obtained, however, and an attempt to produce a larval stage in the udder region of a ewe by feeding to it the eggs of a tapeworm proved abortive.Hitherto, all attempts to produce the adult tapeworms directly by feeding the eggs to sheep have failed; there is, however, the remote possibility that the eggs require to undergo some kind of maturation process outside the body of the sheep before they will develop. The fact that several species of Moniezia occur in the domestic sheep would seem to require an intermediate stage, which would occur in a corresponding number of intermediate-host species.The disease seems prevalent in flocks which are singularly free from ectoparasites.The invertebrates which seem most likely to harbour an intermediate stage are coprophagous insects, etc. (beetles, flies, mites). Attempts to infect species of Aphodius have nevertheless proved fruitless.Moisture favours the survival of the eggs of Moniezia: eggs kept in water for a period of several months seemed to remain perfectly viable. Nevertheless tapeworm is common among flocks on pastures about Rome which are characteristically dry.A comprehensive series of experiments under conditions of the most complete control would almost certainly clear up the life-history; on economic grounds alone the problem is urgent.The overwhelming majority of a quantity of worms collected from slaughter-houses in Aberystwyth, Aberdeen, Beauly (Inverness-shire) and Newcastle-on-Tyne proved to be of the species M. expansa. The only other species found were M. trigonophora and M. alba. The identification was based on anatomical characters and not on externals, which are useless.The writer intends directing his attention to coprophagous mites as carriers, viz. Gamasus coleoptratorum, G. fimetorum, Macrocheles glaber.

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