Duration of gonorrhoea and chlamydia infection at the pharynx and rectum among men who have sex with men: a systematic review

Sexual Health ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric P. F. Chow ◽  
Shayne Camilleri ◽  
Christopher Ward ◽  
Sarah Huffam ◽  
Marcus Y. Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Chlamydia Infection ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Sexually Transmissible Infections ◽  
Duration Of Infection ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Epidemiological Cohort

Background Chlamydia and gonorrhoea are the two most common sexually transmissible infections (STI) among men who have sex with men (MSM) worldwide. Infections at the pharynx and rectum are usually asymptomatic; however, the natural history of these infections remains unknown. The aim of this study is to estimate the duration of both infections at the extragenital sites from published epidemiological cohort studies. Methods: English peer-reviewed articles were searched from 1 January 2000 to 12 March 2015 in three electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Central). The prevalence-to-incidence ratio from each study was calculated to reflect the duration of each infection. This review followed the PRISMA guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42014007087). Results: There were 2585 records identified, with 1721 abstracts and 52 full-text articles screened, resulting in four studies fulfilling the inclusion criteria. Pharyngeal gonorrhoea (114–138 days) had a shorter duration of infection than rectal gonorrhoea (346 days). In addition, chlamydia had a longer duration of infection at the pharynx (667 days) and rectum (579 days) compared with gonorrhoea infection. Conclusions: Gonorrhoea has a shorter duration of infection than chlamydia, suggesting that annual STI screening will be more effective at diagnosing chlamydia than gonorrhoea. The current STI guidelines recommend screening gonorrhoea and chlamydia at least once a year in MSM; it would only detect ~30% of incident pharyngeal gonorrhoea cases, with a mean duration of 4 months.

scholarly journals Evidence for behavioural interventions addressing condom use fit and feel issues to improve condom use: a systematic review

Sexual Health ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 539
Author(s):  
Sydney Anstee ◽  
Jonathan Shepherd ◽  
Cynthia A. Graham ◽  
Nicole Stone ◽  
Katherine Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Reference Lists ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Behavioural Interventions ◽  
Sexually Transmissible Infections ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Condom Fit

Continuing high rates of sexually transmissible infections (STIs) in many countries highlight the need to identify effective behavioural interventions. Consistent and correct use of male condoms is a key strategy for the prevention of STIs. However, some men report problems with condom fit (e.g. the size and shape of the condom) and feel (e.g. tightness, irritation, sensitivity), which inhibits their use. We conducted a systematic review to identify existing interventions addressing condom use fit and feel problems. We searched electronic databases for peer-reviewed articles and searched reference lists of retrieved studies. Five studies met the inclusion criteria. These were generally small-scale pilot studies evaluating behavioural interventions to promote safer sex with men aged under 30 years, addressing, among other things, barriers to condom use relating to fit and feel. There were significant increases in the reported use of condoms, including condom use with no errors and problems. Improvements in some condom use mediators were reported, such as condom use self-efficacy, knowledge, intentions and condom use experience. There were mixed findings in terms of the ability of interventions to reduce STI acquisition. Behavioural interventions addressing condom fit and feel are promising in terms of effectiveness but require further evaluation.

Natural history of adrenal incidentalomas with and without mild autonomous cortisol excess; a systematic review and meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasir Elhassan ◽  
Fares Alahdab ◽  
Alessandro Prete ◽  
Danae Delivanis ◽  
Aakanksha Khanna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Adrenal Incidentalomas ◽  
History Of

The physiopathology of spontaneous hemorrhagic stroke: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alcivan Batista de Morais Filho ◽  
Thiago Luis de Holanda Rego ◽  
Letícia de Lima Mendonça ◽  
Sulyanne Saraiva de Almeida ◽  
Mariana Lima da Nóbrega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
The Road ◽  
History Of

Abstract Hemorrhagic stroke (HS) is a major cause of death and disability worldwide, despite being less common, it presents more aggressively and leads to more severe sequelae than ischemic stroke. There are two types of HS: Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ICH) and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH), differing not only in the site of bleeding, but also in the mechanisms responsible for acute and subacute symptoms. This is a systematic review of databases in search of works of the last five years relating to the comprehension of both kinds of HS. Sixty two articles composed the direct findings of the recent literature and were further characterized to construct the pathophysiology in the order of events. The road to the understanding of the spontaneous HS pathophysiology is far from complete. Our findings show specific and individual results relating to the natural history of the disease of ICH and SAH, presenting common and different risk factors, distinct and similar clinical manifestations at onset or later days to weeks, and possible complications for both.

scholarly journals Emotion Recognition in Adults With a History of Childhood Maltreatment: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 152483802110294
Author(s):  
Annie Bérubé ◽  
Jessica Turgeon ◽  
Caroline Blais ◽  
Daniel Fiset
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
History Of Childhood ◽  
History Of ◽  
Effects On Children ◽  
Meta Analyses

Child maltreatment has many well-documented lasting effects on children. Among its consequences, it affects children’s recognition of emotions. More and more studies are recognizing the lasting effect that a history of maltreatment can have on emotion recognition. A systematic literature review was conducted to better understand this relationship. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol was used and four databases were searched, MEDLINE/PubMed, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and FRANCIS, using three cross-referenced key words: child abuse, emotion recognition, and adults. The search process identified 23 studies that met the inclusion criteria. The review highlights the wide variety of measures used to assess child maltreatment as well as the different protocols used to measure emotion recognition. The results indicate that adults with a history of childhood maltreatment show a differentiated reaction to happiness, anger, and fear. Happiness is less detected, whereas negative emotions are recognized more rapidly and at a lower intensity compared to adults not exposed to such traumatic events. Emotion recognition is also related to greater brain activation for the maltreated group. However, the results are less consistent for adults who also have a diagnosis of mental health problems. The systematic review found that maltreatment affects the perception of emotions expressed on both adult and child faces. However, more research is needed to better understand how a history of maltreatment is related to adults’ perception of children’s emotions.

scholarly journals Non-operative orthobiologic use for rotator cuff disorders and glenohumeral osteoarthritis: A systematic review

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
David M. Robinson ◽  
Christine Eng ◽  
Steven Makovitch ◽  
Joshua B. Rothenberg ◽  
Stephanie DeLuca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Rotator Cuff ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Serious Adverse Events ◽  
Bias Risk ◽  
Glenohumeral Osteoarthritis ◽  
Functional Outcome Measures

BACKGROUND: Shoulder pain from rotator cuff pathology and glenohumeral osteoarthritis is a common entity encountered in musculoskeletal practices. Orthobiologic agents are being increasingly used as a treatment option and understanding their safety and efficacy is necessary. OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate the available evidence for orthobiologic use in rotator cuff and glenohumeral pathology. METHODS: A systematic review was undertaken following PRISMA guidelines. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and prospective cohort studies evaluating non-operative treatment with prolotherapy, platelet-rich plasma (PRP), or medicinal signaling cells (MSCs) for rotator cuff pathology and glenohumeral osteoarthritis were included. Bias risk assessments used were the Cochrane tool and Newcastle-Ottawa score. RESULTS: The search yielded 852 potential articles, of which 20 met the inclusion criteria with a breakdown of 5 prolotherapy, 13 PRP, and 2 MSC. Sixteen studies were RCTs and 4 were cohort studies. Six studies were deemed “low risk of bias or good quality”. Efficacy results were mixed, and no serious adverse events were reported from orthobiologic treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Orthobiologics offer a relatively safe management option with inconclusive evidence for or against its use for rotator cuff pathology. No studies on glenohumeral osteoarthritis met the inclusion criteria. Adoption of standardized preparation reporting and consistent use of functional outcome measures is imperative for future studies to consider.

The natural history of crouch gait in bilateral cerebral palsy: A systematic review

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 ◽  
pp. 84-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rory O’Sullivan ◽  
Frances Horgan ◽  
Tim O’Brien ◽  
Helen French
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Crouch Gait ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals The Effect of Green Space on the Physiologic Function of the Adult: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenna Franco
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Disease Awareness ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Physiologic Function ◽  
Cardiovascular Illness

Environmental greenness is often associated with improved psychological outcomes, but the use of green space as a protective factor for maintaining physiologic health is understudied. However, growing evidence exists on the benefit of greenness on physiologic health. The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the effect of green space on the physiologic function of the adult. Cohort studies were searched for that had all elements of inclusion criteria. Six final studies were included in this systematic review utilizing PRISMA guidelines and CASP tool for cohort studies. Data from the studies was collected and a cross study analysis was conducted to compare all studies and assess for themes in study outcomes. Results of this review demonstrate that green space has a protective effect on physiologic health. Areas with higher levels of greenness are associated with lower prevalence of central obesity, diabetes mellitus, and self-reported rates of cardiovascular disease and stroke as well as decreased rates of mortality from cancers, and kidney and respiratory diseases. Implications of this study include the importance in understanding risk factors for development of disease. Awareness of a patient’s environment that includes natural spaces should be identified as a potential risk factor for the development of cardiovascular illness, obesity, and diabetes mellitus.

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