HIV incidence trends vary between jurisdictions in Australia: an extended back-projection analysis of men who have sex with men

Sexual Health ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kylie-Ann Mallitt ◽  
David P. Wilson ◽  
Ann McDonald ◽  
Handan Wand
Keyword(s):  
South Australia ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Hiv Incidence ◽  
Back Projection ◽  
Hiv Diagnosis ◽  
Incidence Trends ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Incident Cases

Background Trends in HIV diagnoses differ across Australia and are primarily driven by men who have sex with men (MSM). We use national population surveillance data to estimate the incidence of HIV infections among MSM by jurisdiction and infer the proportion of undiagnosed infections. Methods: Annual surveillance data for AIDS diagnoses, HIV diagnoses and recently acquired HIV infections were obtained from 1980 to 2009. A modified statistical back-projection method was used to reconstruct HIV incidence by jurisdiction. Results: HIV incidence among MSM peaked for all jurisdictions in the early 1980s and then declined into the early 1990s, after which incidence increased. Trends then differ between jurisdictions. In New South Wales (NSW) and South Australia, estimated HIV incidence peaked at 371 and 50 cases respectively in 2003, and has since decreased to 258 and 24 cases respectively in 2009. HIV infections in Queensland (Qld) have more than doubled over the past decade, from 84 cases in 2000 to 192 cases in 2009. Victoria and Western Australia have seen a rise in HIV incidence from 2000 to 2006 (to a peak of 250 and 38 incident cases respectively), followed by a plateau to 2009. HIV incidence in the Northern Territory, Tasmania and Australian Capital Territory have increased since 2000; however, case numbers remain small (<20 per year). The estimated proportion of HIV infections not yet diagnosed to 2009 ranges from 10% (NSW) to 18% (Qld), with an average of 12% across Australia. Conclusions: HIV diagnosis trends among MSM in Australia reflect changes in estimated incidence to 2009, and reveal the largest increase in the past 10 years in Qld.

scholarly journals The role of socio-demographic determinants in the geo-spatial distribution of newly diagnosed HIV infections in small areas of Catalonia (Spain)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Agustí ◽  
Núria Font-Casaseca ◽  
Francesc Belvis ◽  
Mireia Julià ◽  
Núria Vives ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
National Registry ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Hiv Diagnosis ◽  
Incident Cases

Abstract Background Spatial visualization of HIV surveillance data could improve the planning of programs to address the HIV epidemic. The objectives of the study were to describe the characteristics and the spatial distribution of newly diagnosed HIV infection in Catalonia and to identify factors associated with HIV infection rates. Methods Surveillance data from the national registry were presented in the form of descriptive and ring maps and used to study the spatial distribution of new HIV diagnoses in Catalonia (2012–2016) and associated risk factors at the small area level (ABS, acronym for “basic health area” in Catalan). Incident cases were modeled using the following as predictors: type of municipality, prevalence of young men and migrant groups, GBMSM activity indicators, and other variables at the aggregated level. Results New HIV diagnoses are heterogeneously distributed across Catalonia. The predictors that proved to be significantly associated with a higher rate of new HIV diagnoses were ABS located in the city of Barcelona (IRR, 2.520; P < 0.001), a higher proportion of men aged 15–44 years (IRR, 1.193; P = 0.003), a higher proportion of GBMSM (IRR, 1.230; P = 0.030), a higher proportion of men from Western Europe (IRR, 1.281; P = 0.003), a higher proportion of men from Latin America (IRR, 1.260; P = 0.003), and a higher number of gay locations (IRR, 2.665; P < 0.001). No association was observed between the HIV diagnosis rate and economic deprivation. Conclusions Ring maps revealed substantial spatial associations for the rate of new HIV diagnoses. New HIV diagnoses are concentrated in ABS located in urban areas. Our results show that, in the case of HIV infection, the socioeconomic deprivation index on which the Catalan government bases its budget allocation policies among the ABS should not be the only criterion used.

scholarly journals Declines in HIV incidence among men and women in a South African population-based cohort

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Vandormael ◽  
Adam Akullian ◽  
Mark Siedner ◽  
Tulio de Oliveira ◽  
Till Bärnighausen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Hiv Incidence ◽  
Prevention Services ◽  
Incidence Trends ◽  
The Past ◽  
Massive Scale ◽  
The Impact

AbstractOver the past decade, there has been a massive scale-up of primary and secondary prevention services to reduce the population-wide incidence of HIV. However, the impact of these services on HIV incidence has not been demonstrated using a prospectively followed, population-based cohort from South Africa—the country with the world’s highest rate of new infections. To quantify HIV incidence trends in a hyperendemic population, we tested a cohort of 22,239 uninfected participants over 92,877 person-years of observation. We report a 43% decline in the overall incidence rate between 2012 and 2017, from 4.0 to 2.3 seroconversion events per 100 person-years. Men experienced an earlier and larger incidence decline than women (59% vs. 37% reduction), which is consistent with male circumcision scale-up and higher levels of female antiretroviral therapy coverage. Additional efforts are needed to get more men onto consistent, suppressive treatment so that new HIV infections can be reduced among women.

scholarly journals The role socio-demographic determinants in the Geo-spatial distribution of newly diagnosed HIV infections in small areas of Catalonia (Spain)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Agusti ◽  
Núria Font-Casaseca ◽  
Francesc Belvis ◽  
Mireia Julià ◽  
Núria Vives ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
National Registry ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Hiv Diagnosis ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Hiv Surveillance ◽  
Incident Cases

Abstract Background: Spatial visualization of HIV surveillance data could improve the planning of programs to address the HIV epidemic. The objectives of the study were to describe the characteristics and the spatial distribution of new HIV diagnoses in Catalonia and to identify factors associated with HIV infection rates.Methods: Surveillance data from the national registry were presented in the form of descriptive and ring maps and used to study the spatial distribution of new HIV diagnoses in Catalonia (2012-2016) and associated risk factors at the small area level (ABS, acronym for “basic health area” in Catalan). Incident cases were modeled using the following as predictors: type of municipality, prevalence of young men and migrant groups, MSM activity indicators, and other variables at the aggregated level. Results: New HIV diagnoses are heterogeneously distributed across Catalonia. The predictors that proved to be significantly associated with a higher rate of new HIV diagnoses were ABS located in the city of Barcelona (IRR, 2.520; P<0.001), a higher proportion of men aged 15-44 years (IRR, 1.193; P=0.003), a higher proportion of MSM (IRR, 1.230; P=0.030), a higher proportion of men from Western Europe (IRR, 1.281; P=0.003), a higher proportion of men from Latin America (IRR, 1.260; P=0.003), and a higher number of gay locations (IRR, 2.665; P<0.001). No association was observed between the HIV diagnosis rate and economic deprivation.Conclusions: Ring maps revealed substantial spatial associations for the rate of new HIV diagnoses. New HIV diagnoses are concentrated in ABS located in urban areas. Our results show that, in the case of HIV, the socioeconomic deprivation index on which the Catalan government bases its budget allocation policies among the ABS should not be the only criterion used.

Could sexually transmissible infections be contributing to the increase in HIV infections among men who have sex with men in Australia?

Sexual Health ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie G. Middleton ◽  
Andrew E. Grulich ◽  
Ann M. McDonald ◽  
Basil Donovan ◽  
Jane S. Hocking ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sti Testing ◽  
Urban Men ◽  
Sexually Transmissible Infections ◽  
Laboratory Surveillance ◽  
Sex With Men

Background: To review existing data on sexually transmissible infections (STI) in men who have sex with men in Australia in order to determine the possible contribution of STI to diverging trends in HIV notifications in different states. Methods: We reviewed data from multiple sources, including routine national surveillance data, laboratory surveillance data, self-reported information on STI testing in men who have sex with men and ad hoc reports of STI prevalence. Results: We found increasing rates of gonorrhoea and infectious syphilis notifications in urban men in Australia between 1997 and 2006, and increasing rates of chlamydia notifications in men aged 30–49 years. There was little difference in these trends by state. Differences in the population groups sampled meant we were unable to gain further information on trends in men who have sex with men from these studies. Data on STI testing showed an increase in anal STI testing between 2003 and 2006, which may have increased the number of diagnoses of chlamydia and gonorrhoea for men who have sex with men during this period. Conclusions: Over the past 10 years, there has been a substantial increase in diagnoses of gonorrhoea and infectious syphilis, and probably chlamydia, in men who have sex with men in Australia. However, it is unlikely that changes in the pattern of STI transmission are responsible for the recent divergence in HIV rates between Australian states because there is little evidence that trends in STI also differ by state.

Risk factors for HIV seroconversion in men who have sex with men in Victoria, Australia: results from a sentinel surveillance system

Sexual Health ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca J. Guy ◽  
Tim Spelman ◽  
Mark Stoove ◽  
Carol El-Hayek ◽  
Jane Goller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Incidence ◽  
Sex Partners ◽  
Anal Sex ◽  
Hiv Diagnosis ◽  
Inconsistent Condom ◽  
The Past ◽  
Incidence Estimate ◽  
Hiv Seroconversion ◽  
Public Health Officials ◽  
Sex With Men

Objectives HIV diagnosis rates in men who have sex with men (MSM) began increasing in Australia 10 years ago, and there has been a major resurgence of syphilis. We determined predictors of HIV positivity and seroconversion among MSM in Victoria, Australia. Methods: We conducted a retrospective longitudinal analysis of data from MSM who underwent HIV testing between April 2006 and June 2009 at three primary care clinics. Logistic regression was used to determine predictors of HIV positivity and seroconversion. Results: During the study period, 7857 MSM tested for HIV. Overall HIV positivity was 1.86% (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.6–2.2). There were 3272 repeat testers followed for 4837 person-years (PY); 60 seroconverted and HIV incidence was 1.24 (95% CI: 0.96–1.60) per 100 PY. Independent predictors of HIV seroconversion were: an infectious syphilis diagnosis within the last 2 years (adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) = 2.5, 95% CI: 1.1–5.7), reporting six or more anal sex partners in the past 6 months (AHR = 3.3, 95% CI: 1.8–6.3), reporting an HIV-positive current regular partner (AHR = 3.4, 95% CI: 1.1–10.6) and reporting inconsistent condom use with casual partners in the past 6 months (AHR = 4.4, 95% CI: 1.7–11.5). Conclusion: Our results call for HIV prevention to target high-risk MSM, including men with a recent syphilis diagnosis or a high numbers of partners, men who have unprotected anal sex with casual partners and men in serodiscordant relationships. The HIV incidence estimate will provide a baseline to enable public health officials to measure the effectiveness of future strategies.

scholarly journals The role of socio-demographic determinants in the geo-spatial distribution of newly diagnosed HIV infections in small areas of Catalonia (Spain).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Agusti ◽  
Núria Font-Casaseca ◽  
Francesc Belvis ◽  
Mireia Julià ◽  
Núria Vives ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
National Registry ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Hiv Diagnosis ◽  
Incident Cases

Abstract Background: Spatial visualization of HIV surveillance data could improve the planning of programs to address the HIV epidemic. The objectives of the study were to describe the characteristics and the spatial distribution of newly diagnosed HIV infection in Catalonia and to identify factors associated with HIV infection rates.Methods: Surveillance data from the national registry were presented in the form of descriptive and ring maps and used to study the spatial distribution of new HIV diagnoses in Catalonia (2012-2016) and associated risk factors at the small area level (ABS, acronym for “basic health area” in Catalan). Incident cases were modeled using the following as predictors: type of municipality, prevalence of young men and migrant groups, MSM activity indicators, and other variables at the aggregated level. Results: New HIV diagnoses are heterogeneously distributed across Catalonia. The predictors that proved to be significantly associated with a higher rate of new HIV diagnoses were ABS located in the city of Barcelona (IRR, 2.520; P<0.001), a higher proportion of men aged 15-44 years (IRR, 1.193; P=0.003), a higher proportion of MSM (IRR, 1.230; P=0.030), a higher proportion of men from Western Europe (IRR, 1.281; P=0.003), a higher proportion of men from Latin America (IRR, 1.260; P=0.003), and a higher number of gay locations (IRR, 2.665; P<0.001). No association was observed between the HIV diagnosis rate and economic deprivation.Conclusions: Ring maps revealed substantial spatial associations for the rate of new HIV diagnoses. New HIV diagnoses are concentrated in ABS located in urban areas. Our results show that, in the case of HIV infection, the socioeconomic deprivation index on which the Catalan government bases its budget allocation policies among the ABS should not be the only criterion used.

scholarly journals Estimation of HIV incidence in two Brazilian municipalities, 2013

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Célia Landmann Szwarcwald ◽  
Orlando da Costa Ferreira Júnior ◽  
Ana Maria de Brito ◽  
Karin Regina Luhm ◽  
Clea Elisa Lopes Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Population ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Hiv Incidence ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Exposure Category ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
Population Subgroup ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Male To Female

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To estimate HIV incidence in two Brazilian municipalities, Recife and Curitiba, in the year of 2013. METHODS The method for estimating incidence was based on primary information, resulting from the Lag-Avidity laboratory test for detection of recent HIV infections, applied in a sample of the cases diagnosed in the two cities in 2013. For the estimation of the HIV incidence for the total population of the cities, the recent infections detected in the research were annualized and weighted by the inverse of the probability of HIV testing in 2013 among the infected and not diagnosed cases. After estimating HIV incidence for the total population, the incidence rates were estimated by sex, age group, and exposure category. RESULTS In Recife, 902 individuals aged 13 years and older were diagnosed with HIV infection. From these, 528 were included in the study, and the estimated proportion of recent infections was 13.1%. In Curitiba, 1,013 people aged 13 years and older were diagnosed, 497 participated in the study, and the proportion of recent infections was 10.5%. In Recife, the estimated incidence rate was 53.1/100,000 inhabitants of 13 years and older, while in Curitiba, it was 41.1/100,000, with male-to-female ratio of 3.5 and 2.4, respectively. We observed high rates of HIV incidence among men who have sex with men, of 1.47% in Recife and 0.92% in Curitiba. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained in the two cities showed that the group of men who have sex with men are disproportionately subject to a greater risk of new infections, and indicate that strategies to control the spread of the epidemic in this population subgroup are essential and urgent.

Trends and predictors of recent HIV testing over 22 years among a clinic sample of men who have sex with men in South Australia

Sexual Health ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Li ◽  
Peng Bi ◽  
Alison Ward ◽  
Charlotte Bell ◽  
Christopher K. Fairley
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Injecting Drug Use ◽  
Sex Partners ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Multiple Sex Partners ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sex With Men

Background Increasing the frequency of HIV testing is crucial for effective HIV prevention and care. The aim of the present study was to determine whether there has been a change in HIV testing among men who have sex with men (MSM) at the South Australia Specialist Sexual Health (SASSH) clinic over the past two decades. Methods: Computerised medical records of MSM who attended the SASSH at their first visit between 1994 and 2015 were used to determine whether HIV testing had changed among MSM. First HIV tests in each calendar year and return tests within 12 months were analysed. Factors associated with recent HIV testing were also examined. Results: There were 24 036 HIV tests conducted among 8163 individual MSM over the study period. The proportion of newly registered MSM who reported ever being tested for HIV declined (Ptrend = 0.030), the proportion who reported recent HIV testing did not change (Ptrend = 0.955) and the proportion who have had current HIV testing increased (Ptrend = 0.008). The proportion of MSM who returned to the clinic for HIV testing within 12 months did not change (Ptrend >0.05), with less than 40% of MSM returning for HIV testing. Factors independently associated with recent HIV testing included MSM aged ≥20 years, (odds ratio (OR) 1.79; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.53–2.10), higher education (OR 1.28; 95% CI 1.12–1.45), non-Caucasian (African OR 1.68; 95% CI 1.30–2.17), having multiple sex partners (OR 1.47; 95% CI 1.29–1.69), having had sex interstate (OR 1.61; 95% CI 1.42–1.82) or overseas (OR 1.53; 95% CI 1.33–1.76) and injecting drug use (OR 1.56; 95% CI 1.29–1.88). Conclusions: HIV testing rate among MSM attending SASSH was suboptimal. New approaches are needed to increase the uptake and early detection of HIV infection among the high-priority MSM population.

“Proud I Am Negative”

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jagadisa-devasri Dacus ◽  
Dexter R. Voisin ◽  
Judith Barker
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Social Supports ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Hiv Stigma ◽  
Hiv Incidence ◽  
Personal Agency ◽  
Safe Spaces ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Hiv Negative

HIV incidence among black men who have sex with men (BMSM) is at epidemic proportions. However, the vast majority of studies have focused on risk factors related to HIV infections with a dearth of research on resiliency and how BMSM maintain seronegativity. Using three focus groups ( N = 29) comprised of BMSM in New York City, this study explored psychosocial factors and practices related to maintaining seronegativity. Major themes included having spirituality and/or religious beliefs, access to social supports that held positive expectations, and having personal agency by engaging in seroadaptive harm reduction practices. Overall, findings highlight the importance of addressing HIV stigma, supporting the need for BMSM to be validated, and creating safe spaces that allow them to discuss the challenges related to remaining HIV-negative.

scholarly journals HIV incidence among gay men and other men who have sex with men in 2020: where is the epidemic heading?

Sexual Health ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shauna Stahlman ◽  
Carrie Lyons ◽  
Patrick S. Sullivan ◽  
Kenneth H. Mayer ◽  
Sean Hosein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Retention In Care ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
Treatment As Prevention ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Hiv Incidence ◽  
Hiv Risks ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Hiv Acquisition

The goal to effectively prevent new HIV infections among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) is more challenging now than ever before. Despite declines in the late 1990s and early 2000s, HIV incidence among MSM is now increasing in many low- and high-income settings including the US, with young, adolescent, and racial/ethnic minority MSM being among those at highest risk. Potentiating HIV risks across all settings are individual-, network-, and structural-level factors such as stigma and lack of access to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and antiretroviral treatment as prevention. To make a sustained impact on the epidemic, a concerted effort must integrate all evidence-based interventions that will most proximally decrease HIV acquisition and transmission risks, together with structural interventions that will support improved coverage and retention in care. Universal HIV treatment, increased access to HIV testing, and daily oral PrEP have emerged as integral to the prevention of HIV transmission, and such efforts should be immediately expanded for MSM and other populations disproportionately affected by HIV. Respect for human rights and efforts to combat stigma and improve access to prevention services are needed to change the trajectory of the HIV pandemic among MSM.

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