Risk factors for HIV seroconversion in men who have sex with men in Victoria, Australia: results from a sentinel surveillance system

Sexual Health ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca J. Guy ◽  
Tim Spelman ◽  
Mark Stoove ◽  
Carol El-Hayek ◽  
Jane Goller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Incidence ◽  
Sex Partners ◽  
Anal Sex ◽  
Hiv Diagnosis ◽  
Inconsistent Condom ◽  
The Past ◽  
Incidence Estimate ◽  
Hiv Seroconversion ◽  
Public Health Officials ◽  
Sex With Men

Objectives HIV diagnosis rates in men who have sex with men (MSM) began increasing in Australia 10 years ago, and there has been a major resurgence of syphilis. We determined predictors of HIV positivity and seroconversion among MSM in Victoria, Australia. Methods: We conducted a retrospective longitudinal analysis of data from MSM who underwent HIV testing between April 2006 and June 2009 at three primary care clinics. Logistic regression was used to determine predictors of HIV positivity and seroconversion. Results: During the study period, 7857 MSM tested for HIV. Overall HIV positivity was 1.86% (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.6–2.2). There were 3272 repeat testers followed for 4837 person-years (PY); 60 seroconverted and HIV incidence was 1.24 (95% CI: 0.96–1.60) per 100 PY. Independent predictors of HIV seroconversion were: an infectious syphilis diagnosis within the last 2 years (adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) = 2.5, 95% CI: 1.1–5.7), reporting six or more anal sex partners in the past 6 months (AHR = 3.3, 95% CI: 1.8–6.3), reporting an HIV-positive current regular partner (AHR = 3.4, 95% CI: 1.1–10.6) and reporting inconsistent condom use with casual partners in the past 6 months (AHR = 4.4, 95% CI: 1.7–11.5). Conclusion: Our results call for HIV prevention to target high-risk MSM, including men with a recent syphilis diagnosis or a high numbers of partners, men who have unprotected anal sex with casual partners and men in serodiscordant relationships. The HIV incidence estimate will provide a baseline to enable public health officials to measure the effectiveness of future strategies.

Prevalence and risk factors of anogenital human papillomavirus infection in a community sample of men who have sex with men in Taiwan: baseline findings from a cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-66
Author(s):  
Carol Strong ◽  
Huachun Zou ◽  
Nai-Ying Ko ◽  
Ya-Lun Liang ◽  
Wen-Wei Ku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Sex Partners ◽  
Anal Sex ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sex With Men

ObjectivesMen who have sex with men (MSM) are a highly neglected population in the current recommendation of girls-only human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programmes in many countries. To better assess the cost effectiveness of HPV vaccination among men requires data on the prevalence of HPV infection in MSM using a community sample, which is still sparse in several regions. We examined the prevalence of and factors associated with anogenital HPV infection among MSM in Taiwan.MethodsMSM 20 years of age and older were recruited from the community and social media in Taiwan in 2015–2016 and screened for HPV infection to detect 37 genotypes. MSM were seen at baseline and were/will be seen at 6, 12, 24 and 36 months. Men completed a questionnaire regarding their sexual experiences. Multivariable regression analyses were conducted to identify associated behavioural risk factors using the baseline data.ResultsA total of 253 MSM were recruited; 87 % were below 35 years of age. Diagnosis of HIV was reported in 4% of men; just over 20% had three or more anal sex partners in the past year. The prevalence of any tested HPV type was 29.4% at the anal site and 11% at the penile site. One quarter of MSM were infected with any of the 9-valent vaccine HPV types. Anal HPV detection was associated with having three or more receptive anal sex partners in the past year (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=2.92, 95% CI 1.29 to 6.61) and having older sex partners (aOR=2.51, 95% CI 1.07 to 5.90).ConclusionsOur data provide the base to calculate the reproductive rate for HPV transmission in a low-risk community sample and cost-effectiveness to include men in HPV vaccination policies. Adding evidence from a community sample adds comprehensiveness for future estimates of disease transmission and vaccine effectiveness.

scholarly journals Alcohol Use, Stigmatizing/Discriminatory Attitudes, and HIV High-Risk Sexual Behaviors among Men Who Have Sex with Men in China

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meizhen Liao ◽  
Dianmin Kang ◽  
Xiaorun Tao ◽  
Jennifer Huang Bouey ◽  
Muktar H. Aliyu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
Sex Partners ◽  
Anal Sex ◽  
The Past ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Hiv Aids

Objective. This research was conducted to assess the correlates of alcohol consumption and HIV/AIDS-related stigmatizing and discriminatory attitudes among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Shandong province, China.Methods. A cross-sectional survey provided demographics, sexual behaviors, illicit drug use, alcohol consumptions, and service utilization.Results. Of 1,230 participants, 82.8% were single, 85.7% aged <35 years, 47.2% had college or higher education, and 11.7% drank alcohol >3 times per week in the past six months. The average total score of stigmatizing and discriminatory attitude was 37.4 ± 4.4. More frequent episodes of alcohol use were independently associated with higher levels of HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination, unprotected anal sex, bisexual identity, multiple male sex partners, drug use, and lower levels of education. Expressing higher levels of HIV/AIDS-related stigmatizing and discriminatory attitudes was independently associated with alcohol use, unprotected male anal sex, bisexuals, more male sex partners, commercial sex with men, and non-receipt of peer education in the past year.Conclusion. HIV/AIDS-related stigmatizing and discriminatory attitudes are common and associated with alcohol use and unprotected sex among MSM. The finding highlights the needs to develop programs that would reduce HIV/AIDS-related stigmatizing and discriminatory attitudes and strengthen alcohol use prevention and risk reduction initiatives among MSM.

scholarly journals HIV incidence among men who have sex with men using geosocial networking smartphone application in Beijing, China: an open cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo-Dong Mi ◽  
Bin-Bin Zhang ◽  
Fei Yu ◽  
Xian-Long Ren ◽  
Jason J. Ong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
Consistent Condom ◽  
Hiv Incidence ◽  
Anal Sex ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Hiv Seroconversion ◽  
Geosocial Networking ◽  
Sex With Men

Abstract Background Sexual transmission among men who have sex with men (MSM) is the dominant route of HIV transmission in China. Extensive use of geosocial networking (GSN) smartphone application (app) has dramatically changed the pattern of sexual behaviors and HIV risk among MSM, but data on HIV incidence and the changing risk behaviors of GSN app-using MSM are limited. We aims to assess the HIV incidence and its correlates among gay GSN app-using MSM in China. Methods We constructed an open cohort which was initiated and maintained using a GSN app to assess the HIV incidence among app-using MSM, recruited from June 2017 to December 2018. MSM completed an online questionnaire on their sociodemographic characteristics, sexual behaviors, recreational drug use and sexually transmitted infections status. Then each man had an HIV test, and those tested negatives were enrolled into the cohort. Participants completed follow-ups with additional HIV tests though the app during the study period, and were censored at HIV seroconversion or study end date. HIV incidence was calculated by dividing the sum of observed HIV seroconversions by the observed person-time. Univariate (Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test) and multivariate (proportional hazards regression) analyses were used to examine correlates of HIV incidence. Results A total of 6957 HIV negative MSM were enrolled in the open cohort, 37 seroconversions occurred among 1937 men contributing 1065 observed person-years: HIV incidence was 3.47 per 100 person-years [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.37–4.57]. More than five sexual partners [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.65, 95% CI: 1.04–6.67], and sex with HIV positive partners (HR = 3.82, 95% CI: 1.16–12.64) in the preceding six months were positively associated with HIV seroconversion. Consistent condom use for anal sex (HR = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.07–0.96), and reporting insertive anal sex only (HR = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.08–0.62) in the preceding six months were protective factors for HIV seroconversion. Conclusions Tailored interventions targeting app-using MSM are urgently needed given their high risk of HIV. As a new tool for accessing MSM at higher HIV risk, GSN smartphone app could play an important role in HIV research among MSM.

HIV incidence trends vary between jurisdictions in Australia: an extended back-projection analysis of men who have sex with men

Sexual Health ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kylie-Ann Mallitt ◽  
David P. Wilson ◽  
Ann McDonald ◽  
Handan Wand
Keyword(s):  
South Australia ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Hiv Incidence ◽  
Back Projection ◽  
Hiv Diagnosis ◽  
Incidence Trends ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Incident Cases

Background Trends in HIV diagnoses differ across Australia and are primarily driven by men who have sex with men (MSM). We use national population surveillance data to estimate the incidence of HIV infections among MSM by jurisdiction and infer the proportion of undiagnosed infections. Methods: Annual surveillance data for AIDS diagnoses, HIV diagnoses and recently acquired HIV infections were obtained from 1980 to 2009. A modified statistical back-projection method was used to reconstruct HIV incidence by jurisdiction. Results: HIV incidence among MSM peaked for all jurisdictions in the early 1980s and then declined into the early 1990s, after which incidence increased. Trends then differ between jurisdictions. In New South Wales (NSW) and South Australia, estimated HIV incidence peaked at 371 and 50 cases respectively in 2003, and has since decreased to 258 and 24 cases respectively in 2009. HIV infections in Queensland (Qld) have more than doubled over the past decade, from 84 cases in 2000 to 192 cases in 2009. Victoria and Western Australia have seen a rise in HIV incidence from 2000 to 2006 (to a peak of 250 and 38 incident cases respectively), followed by a plateau to 2009. HIV incidence in the Northern Territory, Tasmania and Australian Capital Territory have increased since 2000; however, case numbers remain small (<20 per year). The estimated proportion of HIV infections not yet diagnosed to 2009 ranges from 10% (NSW) to 18% (Qld), with an average of 12% across Australia. Conclusions: HIV diagnosis trends among MSM in Australia reflect changes in estimated incidence to 2009, and reveal the largest increase in the past 10 years in Qld.

scholarly journals HIV Incidence among Men Who Have Sex with Men Using Geosocial Networking Smartphone Application in Beijing, China: an Open Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guodong Mi ◽  
Binbin Zhang ◽  
Fei Yu ◽  
Xianlong Ren ◽  
Jason Ong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
Consistent Condom ◽  
Hiv Incidence ◽  
Anal Sex ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Hiv Seroconversion ◽  
Geosocial Networking ◽  
Sex With Men

Abstract Background Sexual transmission among men who have sex with men (MSM) is the dominant route of HIV transmission in China. Extensive use of geosocial networking (GSN) smartphone application (app) have dramatically changed the patterns of sexual behaviors and HIV risk among MSM, but data on HIV incidence and changed risk behaviors of GSN app using MSM are limited.Methods We constructed an open cohort which was constructed and maintained using a GSN app to assess the HIV incidence among app-using MSM, recruited from June 2017 to December 2018. MSM completed an online questionnaire of their sociodemographic characteristics, sexual behaviors, recreational drug use and sexually transmitted infections status. Then each man had an HIV test, and those testing negative were enrolled into the cohort. Participants completed follow-ups with additional HIV tests though the app during the study period, and were censored at HIV seroconversion or study end date. HIV incidence were calculated by dividing the sum of observed HIV seroconversions by the observed person-time. Univariate (Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test) and multivariate (proportional hazards regression) analyses were used to examine correlates of HIV incidence.Results A total of 6957 HIV negative MSM were enrolled in the open cohort, 37 seroconversions occurred among 1937 men contributing 1065 observed person-years: HIV incidence was 3.47 per 100 person-years (95%CI 2.37–4.57). HIV seroconversion was associated with the following factors in the preceding six months: more than five sexual partners (HR = 2.65 95%CI 1.04–6.67), and sex with HIV positive partners (HR = 3.82 95%CI 1.16–12.64). Consistent condom use for anal sex (HR = 0.27 95%CI 0.07–0.96), and reporting insertive anal sex only (HR = 0.23 95%CI 0.08–0.62) were protective factors for HIV seroconversion.Conclusions Tailored interventions targeting app-using MSM are urgently needed given their high risk of HIV. As a new tool for accessing MSM at higher HIV risk, GSN smartphone app-based interventions could play an important role in HIV control among MSM using combinations of biomedical and behavioral interventions.

Correlates of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in a primary care sentinel surveillance network

Sexual Health ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan S. C. Lim ◽  
Jane L. Goller ◽  
Rebecca Guy ◽  
Judy Gold ◽  
Mark Stoove ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Routine Data ◽  
Sex Partners ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Inconsistent Condom ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection ◽  
Multiple Sex Partners ◽  
The Past ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
The Impact

Background Chlamydia is the most commonly notified infection in Australia. Prevention strategies should be informed by routine data on at-risk populations. Methods: We calculated chlamydia positivity and correlates of infection using multivariable logistic regression for data collected between April 2006 and June 2009. Results: Chlamydia positivity was 5.6% in 12 233 females, 7.7% in 10 316 heterosexual males and 6.2% in 7872 men who have sex with men (MSM). Correlates of chlamydia positivity among females included younger age (odds ratio (OR) 2.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.92–2.69), being born overseas (OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.25–1.82), multiple sex partners in the past year (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.40–2.11) and inconsistent condom use with regular sex partners (OR 3.44 ,95% CI 1.65–7.20). Sex work was protective for females (OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.53–0.86). Among heterosexual males, correlates of positivity were younger age (OR 1.87, 95% CI 1.62–2.17), being born overseas (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.16–1.58), symptoms at the time of testing (OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.40–1.92) and multiple sex partners in the past year (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.46–2.30). Correlates of positivity among MSM were being born overseas (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.00–1.51), being HIV-positive (OR 1.80, 95%CI 1.32–2.47), and reporting six or more anal sex partners in the past 6 months (OR 4.45, 95% CI 1.37–14.5). Conclusions: Our analysis identified subgroups at the highest risk of chlamydia in Victoria. These estimates will provide important baseline information to measure the impact of chlamydia control strategies.

Trends and predictors of recent HIV testing over 22 years among a clinic sample of men who have sex with men in South Australia

Sexual Health ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Li ◽  
Peng Bi ◽  
Alison Ward ◽  
Charlotte Bell ◽  
Christopher K. Fairley
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Injecting Drug Use ◽  
Sex Partners ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Multiple Sex Partners ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sex With Men

Background Increasing the frequency of HIV testing is crucial for effective HIV prevention and care. The aim of the present study was to determine whether there has been a change in HIV testing among men who have sex with men (MSM) at the South Australia Specialist Sexual Health (SASSH) clinic over the past two decades. Methods: Computerised medical records of MSM who attended the SASSH at their first visit between 1994 and 2015 were used to determine whether HIV testing had changed among MSM. First HIV tests in each calendar year and return tests within 12 months were analysed. Factors associated with recent HIV testing were also examined. Results: There were 24 036 HIV tests conducted among 8163 individual MSM over the study period. The proportion of newly registered MSM who reported ever being tested for HIV declined (Ptrend = 0.030), the proportion who reported recent HIV testing did not change (Ptrend = 0.955) and the proportion who have had current HIV testing increased (Ptrend = 0.008). The proportion of MSM who returned to the clinic for HIV testing within 12 months did not change (Ptrend >0.05), with less than 40% of MSM returning for HIV testing. Factors independently associated with recent HIV testing included MSM aged ≥20 years, (odds ratio (OR) 1.79; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.53–2.10), higher education (OR 1.28; 95% CI 1.12–1.45), non-Caucasian (African OR 1.68; 95% CI 1.30–2.17), having multiple sex partners (OR 1.47; 95% CI 1.29–1.69), having had sex interstate (OR 1.61; 95% CI 1.42–1.82) or overseas (OR 1.53; 95% CI 1.33–1.76) and injecting drug use (OR 1.56; 95% CI 1.29–1.88). Conclusions: HIV testing rate among MSM attending SASSH was suboptimal. New approaches are needed to increase the uptake and early detection of HIV infection among the high-priority MSM population.

HIV incidence and associated risk factors in men who have sex with men in Mainland China: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis

Sexual Health ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Jun-Jie Xu ◽  
Huachun Zou ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Ning Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
College Education ◽  
Junior College ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Incidence ◽  
Syphilis Infection ◽  
Hiv Intervention ◽  
Hiv Prevention Strategies ◽  
Hiv Seroconversion ◽  
Sex With Men

Background: The national annually reported proportion of men who have sex with men (MSM) among people living with HIV (PLWH) is growing in China. To better inform the public health sector how to improve HIV prevention strategies, it is necessary to understand the current level of HIV incidence and its correlates. Methods: Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science and three major Chinese electronic publication databases (http://qikan.cqvip.com/, http://g.wanfangdata.com.cn/, http://www.cnki.net/, respectively) were searched for studies reporting HIV incidence. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) 2.0 statistical software (Biostat, Inc. Englewood, NJ, USA) was used to calculate the pooled HIV incidence and perform subgroup-analysis to find correlates for HIV seroconversion in Chinese MSM. Random effects modelling was then conducted. Results: Twenty-five eligible studies were included in this meta-analysis. The calculated pooled HIV incidence was 5.61/100 person years (PY), with an increasing trend over time (3.24/100PY, 5.29/100PY, 5.50/100PY in 2005–2008, 2009–2011, 2012–2014 respectively, χ2 test for trend P = 0.04). Subgroup analyses indicated that age <25 years (rate ratio (RR) = 1.85), junior college education and below (RR = 1.87), having ≥ 2 male sexual partners in past 6 months (RR = 2.50), baseline syphilis infection (RR = 2.99), homosexual orientation (RR = 1.91), preferred bottom/versatile roles in anal sexual intercourse (RR = 2.33), and having unprotected anal intercourse in the past 6 months (RR = 2.16) significantly increased the risk for HIV seroconversion (each P < 0.05). Uncircumcised MSM had a marginal statistically significant higher HIV incidence (RR = 3.35, P = 0.051). Conclusion: HIV incidence is still alarmingly high among Chinese MSM. Stronger HIV intervention strategies should be implemented, in particular targeting young, less educated and syphilis-infected MSM.

scholarly journals Acceptability and accessibility of condom among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Imo state, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 024-030
Author(s):  
Udujih OG ◽  
Chibueze CV ◽  
Udujih HI ◽  
Emeruwaonu CN ◽  
Iwuala CC ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Anal Sex ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Imo State ◽  
The Past ◽  
Major Constraint ◽  
Key Population ◽  
High Risk Populations ◽  
Sex With Men

HIV prevalence among high risk populations globally is substantially higher than in the general population though men who have sex with men continue to bear a high burden of the infection. The aim of this study was to determine the acceptability and accessibility of condoms among men who have sex with men in Imo State, Nigeria. Hundred and ninety five respondents functional in key population (KP) hot spots in presumptively selected Local Government Areas in the state were randomly selected. Semi-structured questionnaires were used for data collection and data obtained was analyzed using SPSS statistical package version 21. The result showed that 101(51.8%) of MSM had used condom during a sexual intercourse. Majority 97(50.3%) indicated that they would not use a condom they love or are in partnership with whereas 69(35%) used condom occasionally during intercourse. Majority of the respondents 103(52.8%) have practiced unprotected anal sex within the past six months prior to survey. The major constraint to condom accessibility was reported to be cost (26.3%). Other constraints to accessibility include condom prejudice (25.0%) and setting of residence (24.5%). Statistically, the study revealed no association between condom uptake and acceptability (P=0.001) however, there was an association between condom uptake and accessibility (P=0.594). Interventions targeted at the key population to evaluate trends in sexually transmitted diseases especially HIV as well as improvement of condom accessibility cannot be over emphasized.

Characteristics, sexual practices and sexually transmissible infections diagnoses of men who have sex with men and use non-occupational HIV post-exposure prophylaxis in Victoria, Australia

Sexual Health ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason J. Ong ◽  
Andre Landika ◽  
Christopher K. Fairley ◽  
Catriona Bradshaw ◽  
Marcus Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Centre ◽  
Risk Profile ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Inconsistent Condom ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sexually Transmissible Infections ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Background Non-occupational post-exposure prophylaxis (NPEP) is available to people with a potential risk for HIV exposure within the preceding 72 h. We sought to determine if men who have sex with men (MSM) and receive NPEP had a significantly different risk profile (before the preceding 72 h) from MSM not receiving NPEP. If this is the case, NPEP consultations may act as a cue for also discussing pre-exposure prophylaxis. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis to compare the demographic characteristics, sexual practices and clinical diagnoses of MSM who were NPEP users and those who were non-NPEP users attending Melbourne Sexual Health Centre from January 2008 to December 2014. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the association between NPEP use and risk practices. Generalised estimating equations were used to adjust for within-individual correlations related to multiple visits of the same individual. Results: Of the 40 395 MSM consultations included in the study, 1776 consultations (4%) were related to NPEP prescription. NPEP prescribing was associated with ever having injected drugs (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.8, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.4–2.3), sex with males only (AOR 1.9, 95% CI: 1.6–2.3), more than three male partners in the past 3 months (AOR 1.5, 95% CI: 1.4–1.7) and inconsistent condom use with these partners within the past 3 months (AOR 2.1, 95% CI: 1.9–2.4). Sex workers (AOR 0.6, 95% CI: 0.3–0.9), and men reporting sex overseas within the past 12 months (AOR 0.7, 95% CI: 0.6–0.8) were less likely to receive NPEP. MSM who used NPEP were more likely to test positive for any sexually transmissible infection (AOR 1.2, 95% CI: 1.0–1.4). Conclusions: MSM receiving NPEP generally had a higher risk profile than MSM not requesting NPEP, indicating that NPEP was used by MSM at higher risk for HIV. Therefore, consultations for NPEP may be an opportune time for also discussing pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV.

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