Effects of periodic presumptive treatment on three bacterial sexually transmissible infections and HIV among female sex workers in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea

Sexual Health ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunice Bruce ◽  
Ludwina Bauai ◽  
Andrew Masta ◽  
Poyap J. Rooney ◽  
Michael Paniu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Workers ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Presumptive Treatment ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Sexually Transmissible Infections ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Port Moresby

Background Sexually transmissible infections (STI) are common in female sex workers (FSW). Aim: To determine if 3-monthly periodic presumptive treatments (PPT) would reduce the prevalence of STI in FSW. Methods: In a cohort study conducted between November 2003 and September 2004, FSW were enrolled, counselled and interviewed. Informed consent was obtained. Testing by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Ng) and Trichomonas vaginalis (Tv), and serology for HIV were performed at baseline and final follow-up visits. Each FSW received 3-monthly oral amoxicillin, probenecid, a combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, and azithromycin. Tinidazole was administered once. Results: The cohort consisted of 129 FSW at baseline and 71 at final follow-up visit. Of these 71 FSW, there was a significant decline in the proportion with positive PCR results for Ct from 38% to 16% (P = 0.001), Ng from 56% to 23% (P = <0.001) and Tv from 62% to 30% (P = <0.001) between baseline and the final follow-up visit. HIV prevalence increased from 15% to 21% (P = 0.125). Conclusions: PPT was statistically effective in reducing STI but rates rebounded rapidly. Several new HIV infections occurred. If PPT is to be very effective in FSW where the prevalence of STI is so high, then 100% condom use with clients and regular sexual partners (RSP), and high rates of notification of RSP would be required if low incidence and prevalence of STI were to be achievable.

Sexually transmissible infections among female sex workers: an international review with an emphasis on hard-to-access populations

Sexual Health ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie G. Cwikel ◽  
Tal Lazer ◽  
Fernanda Press ◽  
Simcha Lazer
Keyword(s):  
Sex Workers ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Sexually Transmissible Infections ◽  
The World ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhea

Background: Women who work commercially in sex work (female sex workers [FSW]) are considered a high-risk group for sexually transmissible infections (STI), yet the level of reported pathogens varies in studies around the world. This study reviewed STI rates reported in 42 studies of FSW around the world published between 1995 and 2006 and analysed the trends and types of populations surveyed, emphasising difficult to access FSW populations. Methods:Studies were retrieved by PUBMED and other search engines and were included if two or more pathogens were studied and valid laboratory methods were reported. Results: The five most commonly assessed pathogens were Neisseria gonorrhea (prevalence 0.5–41.3), Chlamydia trachomatis (0.61–46.2), Treponema pallidum (syphilis; 1.5–60.5), HIV (0–76.6), and Trichomonas vaginalis (trichmoniasis; 0.11–51.0). Neisseria gonorrhea and C. trachomatis were the most commonly tested pathogens and high prevalence levels were found in diverse areas of the world. HIV was highly prevalent mostly in African countries. Although human papillomavirus infection was surveyed in few studies, prevalence rates were very high and its aetiological role in cervical cancer warrant its inclusion in future FSW monitoring. Hard-to-access FSW groups tended to have higher rates of STI. Conclusions: The five most commonly detected pathogens correspond to those that are highly prevalent in the general population, however there is an urgent need to develop rapid testing diagnostics for all five pathogens to increase prevention and treatment, especially in outreach programs to the most vulnerable groups among FSW.

A cross-sectional study of reported symptoms for sexually transmissible infections among female sex workers in Papua New Guinea

Sexual Health ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunice Bruce ◽  
Ludwina Bauai ◽  
Andrew Masta ◽  
Poyap J. Rooney ◽  
Michael Paniu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Workers ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Lower Abdominal Pain ◽  
Dipstick Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Urine Dipstick ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Sexually Transmissible Infections ◽  
Urine Dipstick Test

Background: Sexually transmissible infections (STIs) are common in female sex workers (FSWs), most of which are asymptomatic and therefore under-reported. Our aim was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of reported symptoms obtained via questionnaire augmented with leukocyte esterase (LE) urine dipstick test for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct), Neisseria gonorrhea (Ng) and Trichomonas vaginalis (Tv) detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Methods: In November 2003, a cohort of FSWs was screened for STIs and completed a questionnaire. Results: We enrolled 129 FSWs (90% participation rate) of whom 48 (37%), 30 (23%) and 53 (41%) were diagnosed with Ng, Ct and Tv, respectively, by PCR. Of those diagnosed with any of these infections, 78% reported anogenital symptoms and of those without infections, 28% reported symptoms. Anogenital symptoms were present in over 50% FSWs. Genital odour (present in 26%), lower abdominal pain (present in 29%), dysuria (present in 19%) had a sensitivity around (50%), specificity (>80%) and all were significantly associated with positive PCR results for individual organisms; however, the sensitivity of these symptoms to detect the presence of any positive PCR result was low (<50%). When LE urine dipstick test result of >1 was combined with the presence of three reported symptoms the sensitivity was 86%, specificity of 73% and a positive predictive value of 72%; a better predictor of infections. Conclusions: Our finding suggest an approach that incorporates LE urine dipstick test >1 and multiple symptoms may be a feasible option for screening infections among FSWs in resource constraint settings.

Prevalence of HIV and other sexually transmissible infections in relation to lemon or lime juice douching among female sex workers in Jos, Nigeria

Sexual Health ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Godwin Imade ◽  
Atiene Sagay ◽  
Daniel Egah ◽  
Viola Onwuliri ◽  
Matthew Grigg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Lemon Juice ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Sexually Transmissible Infections ◽  
Post Test

Background: The rates of sexually transmissible infections (STI), including HIV, are high among female sex workers (FSW) in Nigeria and the use of various local vaginal cleansing agents to prevent infection is a common practice. The present study was aimed at determining whether any association exists between current lime or lemon douching and the prevalence of STI and HIV infections among FSW in Jos, Nigeria. Methods: Consenting FSW who were users of lemon or lime (UL) or non-users (NUL) were recruited for the study between May and September 2006. A structured questionnaire was administered by trained counsellors. Pre-HIV test counselling was done. Participant’s blood samples were tested for HIV and syphilis. Genital examination was done and high vaginal and endocervical samples were collected. The samples obtained were processed for STI using standard laboratory procedures. FSW found with treatable STI received free drugs. HIV results were disclosed after post-test counselling and positive FSW were referred to a HIV/AIDS facility for care, support and antiretroviral therapy. Results: A total of 398 FSW (86 UL and 312 NUL) participated in the study. Their mean age was 27.6 ± 7.0 years (range 16–63 years). HIV prevalence was high for both UL and NUL: 48.8 and 48.2%, respectively (odds ratio 1.0; 95% confidence interval 0.6–1.2, P = 0.9427). The rates of bacterial vaginosis were not significantly higher in UL (UL 55.8%, NUL 44.0%, odds ratio 1.59, 95% confidence interval 0.96–2.65, P = 0.06). There were no associations between the use of citrus douching and other STI. Conclusion: There were no significant associations between the prevalence of STI and HIV and lime or lemon juice usage.

Prevalence over time and risk factors for sexually transmissible infections among newly-arrived female sex workers in Timika, Indonesia

Sexual Health ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurlan Silitonga ◽  
Stephen C. Davies ◽  
John Kaldor ◽  
Stephen Wignall ◽  
Maurist Okoseray
Keyword(s):  
Condom Use ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Consistent Condom ◽  
Presumptive Treatment ◽  
Consistent Condom Use ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Sexually Transmissible Infections

Background: HIV rates are escalating in Indonesia. At Timika in Papua, the world’s largest gold mine employs many single and migrant men, who frequently have sex with female sex workers (FSWs). We investigated trends of sexually transmissible infections (STIs) in FSWs in Timika. Methods: From 1997 to 2002, FSWs at clinics were recruited for their first STI screening. Sociodemographic and sexual behaviour data were obtained and laboratory tests were performed to diagnose STIs. Results: From 1997 to 2002, 3086 FSWs were recruited. Prevalence of gonorrhoea varied from 11% to 19% (P = 0.71). Positive treponemal serology varied from 1.4% to 5.1% (P = 0.50). Trichomoniasis declined from 16% to 11% (P = 0.03). HIV infection increased significantly from 0.0% to 1.4% (P = 0.002). Chlamydia prevalence did not significantly change from 33% in 1997 compared with 41% in 1998 (P = 0.10). Consistent condom use was low, but increased from 8% to 16% (P = 0.001). Any STI was independently associated with younger age, high frequency of sexual activity, and not using contraceptives. Conclusions: The high rates of STIs, low condom use and increasing prevalence of HIV among these FSWs require enhanced interventions, and consideration of periodic presumptive treatment. A partnership with industry can aid and sustain an intervention program.

scholarly journals Prevalence, incidence, and distribution of human papillomavirus types in female sex workers in Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-118
Author(s):  
Kristen Sweet ◽  
Claire Bosire ◽  
Busola Sanusi ◽  
Carly J Sherrod ◽  
Jessie Kwatampora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Hpv Prevalence ◽  
Hiv Negative

Female sex workers (FSWs) have a notably high risk of acquiring human papillomavirus (HPV) infections. Relatively few studies address the type-specific prevalence and incidence of HPV among FSWs in sub-Saharan Africa. FSWs (n = 348) attending the Korogocho clinic in Nairobi, Kenya participated from August 2009 to March 2011. HPV DNA was detected using the SPF10-LiPA25 PCR assay. Baseline prevalence of HPV infection and cervical dysplasia were calculated, stratified by HIV-serostatus. Incidence rate (IR) of infection was calculated as number of new infections from baseline over person-months among 160 HPV-negative participants with complete 12-month follow-up. Baseline HPV prevalence was 23.6% for any HPV and 20.4% for high-risk HPV (hrHPV) types. Most prevalent types were HPV52 (10.1%), HPV35 (2.3%), and HPV51 (2.3%). A quarter (24%) of participants were HIV-positive. HPV prevalence was higher in HIV-positive (32.1%) than HIV-negative (20.8%) participants. hrHPV prevalence was higher in HIV-positive (27.4%) than HIV-negative (18.2%) women. During follow-up, HPV IR was 31.4 (95% CI: 23.8–41.5) for any HPV and 24.2 (95% CI: 17.9–32.8) for hrHPV types. HPV52 had the highest IR (6.0; 95% CI: 6.5–10.3). Overall HPV and hrHPV prevalence were lower than expected, but both prevalence and incidence were higher in HIV-positive than in HIV-negative women.

scholarly journals Short-term acceptability of female condom use among low-fee female sex workers in China: a follow-up study

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chu Zhou ◽  
Evelyn Hsieh ◽  
Keming Rou ◽  
Jonas Tillman ◽  
Wei Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Condom Use ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Female Condom ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Female Sex

Cross-sectional survey of Chinese-speaking and Thai-speaking female sex workers in Sydney, Australia: factors associated with consistent condom use

Sexual Health ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosalind Foster ◽  
Lynne McCormack ◽  
Caroline Thng ◽  
Handan Wand ◽  
Anna McNulty
Keyword(s):  
Condom Use ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Consistent Condom ◽  
Consistent Condom Use ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Sexually Transmissible Infections ◽  
Vaginal Sex ◽  
Sydney Australia ◽  
Sex Practices

Background Previous studies have described inconsistent condom use in Chinese- and Thai-speaking female sex workers in Sydney, Australia. In the present study, we describe the demographics and safe sexual practices in the Chinese- and Thai-speaking female sex workers attending the Sydney Sexual Health Centre (SSHC) in 2014–15. Methods: A self-completed 60-item anonymous questionnaire, adapted from previous surveys conducted in 1993 and 2003, was translated into Chinese and Thai and administered to female sex workers attending the SSHC or seen on outreach. Results: In all, 488 surveys were distributed, of which 435 were returned; 43% in Chinese and 57% in Thai. Most women did not plan on sex work before their arrival in Australia. Compared with Chinese-speaking women, Thai-speaking women rated themselves higher on English language literacy, had better knowledge of the transmission of HIV and sexually transmissible infections (STIs) and were more likely to practice 100% condom use. Overall, 72% of the sex workers surveyed reported consistent condom use for vaginal sex at work. Conclusions: Consistent condom use for vaginal sex at work among Chinese- and Thai-speaking female sex workers has decreased slightly from that reported in a similar survey conducted by the SSHC in 2003, when 85% of sex workers reported consistent condom use. There are significant differences between Chinese- and Thai-speaking sex workers in terms of both knowledge and safer sex practices. Ongoing health promotion efforts should focus on providing culturally appropriate education around STIs and safe sex practices not only to workers, but also to parlour owners, managers and consumers.

scholarly journals Barriers to Follow-Up for Abnormal Papanicolaou Smears among Female Sex Workers in Lima, Peru

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. e0169327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devora Aharon ◽  
Martha Calderon ◽  
Vicky Solari ◽  
Patricia Alarcon ◽  
Joseph Zunt
Keyword(s):  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Papanicolaou Smears

scholarly journals Loss to follow-up and HIV incidence in female sex workers in Kaiyuan, Yunnan Province China: a nine year longitudinal study

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingying Su ◽  
Guowei Ding ◽  
Kathleen H. Reilly ◽  
Jessie L. Norris ◽  
Huixin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Hiv Incidence ◽  
Loss To Follow Up ◽  
Female Sex
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