The C-project: use of self-collection kits to screen for Chlamydia trachomatis in young people in a community-based health promotion project

Sexual Health ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynne Martin ◽  
Eleanor Freedman ◽  
Leanne Burton ◽  
Scott Rutter ◽  
Vickie Knight ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Young People ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Online Communication ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Age Range

Background: The present study aimed to ascertain the acceptability to at-risk young people of self-collected urine samples as a means of testing for Chlamydia trachomatis (chlamydia); to determine the effectiveness of drop-off and outreach collection methods as a means of detecting and treating chlamydia; and to determine the rate of positive chlamydia tests in a sample of the target group. Methods: Participants requested postal testing kits from the project website, the NSW Sexual Health Infoline or at an outreach event and either returned urine samples at selected drop-off locations or directly to the researchers during active outreach events. Results: A total of 413 kits were requested – 196 (47.5%) via email, 204 (49.4%) during outreach events and nine (2.2%) via the NSW Sexual Health Infoline. A total of 195 samples (47.2% of ordered kits) were returned. Participants were less likely to return samples if they had been requested by email (odds ratio = 9.6; 95% confidence interval: 6.0–15.0) or via telephone (odds ratio = 22.0; 95% confidence interval: 2.7–181.0) compared with directly obtaining a kit at an outreach event. The number of specimens positive for chlamydia in the targeted age range was 4, giving a 3.1% positive rate (95% confidence interval: 1.0–8.0). Conclusions: This study identified that free testing kits and online communication worked well as a means of engaging young people and raising awareness of sexual health. However, the requirement to drop-off urine samples at selected locations was not well accepted.

Increasing yield of pharyngeal Chlamydia trachomatis among male gay and bisexual clinic attendees in Sydney: an observational study

Sexual Health ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sian Louise Goddard ◽  
Preethi Rajagopal ◽  
David James Templeton
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Health Clinic ◽  
And Bisexual ◽  
Ongoing Surveillance ◽  
Anogenital Infection

Background The aim of the present study was to describe the temporal trends in Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) testing yield among gay and bisexual male (GBM) sexual health clinic attendees in Sydney. Methods: All CT testing occasions among GBM from January 2011 to December 2014 were reviewed. Yield was defined as the proportion of testing occasions where CT was detected. Results: In all, 2917 GBM were tested on 5445 occasions. CT was detected on 439 (8.1%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 7.4–8.8%) occasions. Pharyngeal, urethral and anorectal CT were detected on 74 (1.4%; 95% CI 1.1–1.7%), 109 (2.0%; 95% CI 1.7–2.4%) and 333 (6.1%; 95% CI 5.5–6.8%) occasions respectively. Over the study period, there was a significant increase in pharyngeal CT yield (from 0.70% to 1.6%; odds ratio (OR) 1.25; 95% CI 1.01–1.55; Ptrend = 0.043), which remained borderline significant (OR 1.22; 95% CI 0.99–1.52; P = 0.067) when adjusted for age. There was no change in yield of either urethral or anorectal infections. Almost half the pharyngeal CT (n = 35; 47.3%) occurred without concurrent anogenital infection. Excluding those who would have received anti-chlamydial treatment for another reason, 27.0% of pharyngeal and 4.6% of all CT infections would not have been treated without pharyngeal testing. Conclusions: A recent temporal increase was observed in the yield of pharyngeal CT without a concurrent increase in anogenital yield. Ongoing surveillance is warranted to inform testing guidelines for GBM.

The place of sexual health education in the life of children and adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-95
Author(s):  
Melek Anday Rifat qızı Tolunay ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Young People ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
After School ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Sexual Health Education ◽  
The Family ◽  
Questions And Answers ◽  
Age Range

The general purpose of planned sexual health education for children and young people is to provide them with sufficient information about sexual health according to their age range, to inform them about attitude-value and understanding, to gain relationship and interpersonal skills, to develop their necessary responsibilities. The protection, development and maintenance of sexual health depends on the awareness of individuals about sexuality and sexual health. Awareness begins in the family and is provided with comprehensive sexual health education in accordance with the needs in all periods of life such as preschool, school and after school. Sexual health education is not welcomed in developing countries. At the heart of this is the belief that sexual health education will encourage young people to have sexual intercourse. The development of sexual education is achieved in all age ranges with questions and answers that arise according to different age characteristics. Sexual health education is a very important factor for the psychological and physiological health of individuals in a society. Key words: sexual health education, sexual health education, reproductive health, abuse , parents, child abuse, Source of sexual information

scholarly journals The incidence and admission rate for first-episode psychosis in young people before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Melbourne, Australia

2021 ◽  
pp. 000486742110535
Author(s):  
Brian O’Donoghue ◽  
Hannah Collett ◽  
Sophie Boyd ◽  
Yuanna Zhou ◽  
Emily Castagnini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Rate Ratio ◽  
Incidence Rate Ratio ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
Incident Cases

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound effect on global mental health, with one-third of infected individuals developing a psychiatric or neurological disorder 6 months after infection. The risk of infection and the associated restrictions introduced to reduce the spread of the virus have also impacted help-seeking behaviours. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether there was a difference during the COVID-19 pandemic in the treated incidence of psychotic disorders and rates of admission to hospital for psychosis (including involuntary admission). Methods: Incident cases of first-episode psychosis in young people, aged 15 to 24, at an early intervention service in Melbourne from an 8-month period before the pandemic were compared with rates during the pandemic. Hospital admission rates for these periods were also compared. Results: Before the pandemic, the annual incidence of first-episode psychosis was 104.5 cases per 100,000 at-risk population, and during the pandemic it was 121.9 (incidence rate ratio = 1.14, 95% confidence interval = [0.92, 1.42], p = 0.24). Immediately after the implementation of restrictions, there was a non-significant reduction in the treated incidence (incidence rate ratio = 0.80, 95% confidence interval = [0.58, 1.09]), which was followed by a significant increase in the treated incidence in later months (incidence rate ratio = 1.94, 95% confidence interval = [1.52, 2.49]; incidence rate ratio = 1.64, 95% confidence interval = [1.25, 2.16]). Before the pandemic, 37.3% of young people with first-episode psychosis were admitted to hospital, compared to 61.7% during the pandemic (odds ratio = 2.71, 95% confidence interval = [1.73, 4.24]). Concerning the legal status of the admissions, before the pandemic, 27.3% were admitted involuntarily to hospital, compared to 42.5% during the pandemic (odds ratio = 1.97, 95% confidence interval = [1.23, 3.14]). Conclusion: There was a mild increase, which did not reach statistical significance, in the overall incidence of first-episode psychosis; however, the pattern of presentations changed significantly, with nearly twice as many cases presenting in the later months of the restrictions. There was a significant increase in both voluntary and involuntary admissions, and the possible explanations for these findings are discussed.

The impact of social unrest and pandemic on mental health of young people in Hong Kong: The transdiagnostic role of event-based rumination

2021 ◽  
pp. 000486742110257
Author(s):  
Stephanie MY Wong ◽  
Christy LM Hui ◽  
Yi Nam Suen ◽  
Corine SM Wong ◽  
Sherry KW Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Event Based

Objective: Co-occurring population-level events, such as social unrest and coronavirus disease 2019, are observed in many societies today. Few studies have explored their combined mental health effects on young people. While self-focused rumination has been suggested to be a key mechanism underlying depression, the role of event-based rumination in mediating the impact of population stressors has yet to be elucidated. Methods: Data were collected from 6988 young people in a large-scale community online survey in Hong Kong. The survey assessed symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder and depression, direct exposure to social unrest-related traumatic events, coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic-related events, personal stressful life events, event-based rumination and other individual risk factors. Results: High levels of comorbid post-traumatic stress disorder and depressive symptoms were observed. Logistic regression analysis revealed that probable post-traumatic stress disorder was associated with traumatic events (odds ratio = 1.73, 95% confidence interval = [1.64, 1.82]), pandemic-related events (odds ratio = 1.08, confidence interval = [1.01, 1.16]), stressful life events (odds ratio = 1.20, confidence interval = [1.21, 1.37]), high event-based rumination (odds ratio = 3.00, confidence interval = [2.58, 3.48]), lower resilience (odds ratio = 1.18, confidence interval = [1.15, 1.21]), higher smartphone reliance (odds ratio = 1.09, confidence interval = [1.05, 1.13]) and financial concerns (odds ratio = 1.25, confidence interval = [1.18, 1.33]). The odds for probable post-traumatic stress disorder was also significantly higher when two or more traumatic events were experienced (odds ratio = 4.03, confidence interval = [3.52, 4.62]). Factors associated with moderate-to-severe level depressive symptoms were similar. Event-based rumination significantly mediated between different types of external events (traumatic events, pandemic-related events, stressful life events) and both post-traumatic stress disorder and depressive symptoms. Conclusion: These findings suggest that diverse types of stressful events during population-level crises could add to personal stressors to affect mental health outcomes in young people. Among other protective and risk factors, event-based rumination presented as a prominent transdiagnostic mediator for different symptom dimensions which may be a potentially important target for early risk detection and intervention.

Olympic outreach: testing for sexually transmitted infections in construction workers

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 659-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Shanmugaratnam ◽  
P Horne ◽  
K M Coyne
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Sexual Risk ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Construction Workers ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Age Range

Concerns have been voiced in the national press that the surge in migrant construction workers leading up to the 2012 Olympics Games would increase the levels of sexual ill health in East London. Between 2009 and 2011, we sent a sexual health outreach team to the Olympic Park and Village. A total of 614 clients were tested, of whom 91% were men and 46% reported English/Scottish/Welsh ethnicity. The age range was 17–73 years and median age 30 years. Reported sexual risk factors were low, including use of commercial sex workers. Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections was low, with Chlamydia trachomatis found in 20 clients (3%), and hepatitis B diagnosed in one client. This study, although small, did not support the image of construction workers presenting a higher than average sexual health risk.

Prevalence and predictors of lymphogranuloma venereum among men who have sex with men at a Sydney metropolitan sexual health clinic

Sexual Health ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 190 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Templeton ◽  
Nicola Sharp ◽  
Sophie Gryllis ◽  
Catherine C. O'Connor ◽  
Sally M. Dubedat
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
Lymphogranuloma Venereum ◽  
Health Clinic ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Sex With Men

During an 18-month period to June 2012, 1732 anal chlamydia (Chlamydia trachomatis) tests were performed among men who have sex with men (MSM) at RPA Sexual Health in Sydney’s inner west. Positive anal chlamydia samples were subsequently tested for lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV). Seventy-five (4.3%) anal samples were positive for chlamydia among 67 men during the study period. Anal symptoms were reported for 16 out of 75 (21.3%) of anal chlamydia episodes overall. Three episodes of LGV (all serovar L2b) were identified, all three of whom reported anal symptoms (100%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 29.2–100%). In contrast, only 13/72 (18.1%, 95% CI: 10.0–28.9%) of those with non-LGV anal chlamydia reported anal symptoms. LGV was not identified in any of 59 episodes of asymptomatic anal chlamydia (0%, 95% CI: 0–6.1%). Of those with LGV, two were known to be HIV-positive and one subsequently seroconverted to HIV within a year of the LGV diagnosis. Our findings suggest that routine LGV testing among MSM is not warranted, except among those with anal symptoms.

scholarly journals Eating Behaviors and Overweight among Adolescents: A Population-Based Survey in Japan

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirotaka Ochiai ◽  
Takako Shirasawa ◽  
Tadahiro Ohtsu ◽  
Rimei Nishimura ◽  
Aya Morimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Seventh Grade ◽  
Age Range ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire ◽  
Population Based Survey

Objectives. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between eating behaviors and overweight among population-based adolescents in Japan.Methods. Study subjects comprised adolescents in the seventh grade (age range, 12–13 years) from Ina, a town in Saitama Prefecture, Japan, between 1999 and 2008. The height and weight of the subjects were measured, and information concerning eating behaviors (eating speed and eating until full) was obtained using a self-administered questionnaire.Results. Among boys (n=1586), fast eating speed significantly increased the odds ratio (OR) for overweight when compared with medium eating speed, regardless of eating until full or not; moreover, a more marked increase in the OR was observed among boys eating until full (OR: 2.78, 95% confidence interval: 1.76–4.38) than among those not eating until full (2.43, 1.41–4.20). Among girls (n=1542), fast eating speed led to a significant increase in the OR in those eating until full; however, no significant increases were observed in the OR in those eating quickly and not until full.Conclusions. Among adolescents, fast eating speed was associated with overweight; furthermore, the combination of both fast eating speed and eating until full may have a significant effect on overweight.

Prevalence and predictors of chlamydia co-infection among patients infected with gonorrhoea at a sexual health clinic in Sydney

Sexual Health ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 392 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Templeton ◽  
Niveditha Manokaran ◽  
Catherine C. O'Connor
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Clinic Visit ◽  
Health Clinic ◽  
Gram Stain ◽  
Health Clinics ◽  
Sexual Health Clinics

Anogenital gonorrhoea (Neisseria gonorrhoeae) is commonly diagnosed at sexual health clinics by on-site microscopy. Whether to add anti-chlamydial therapy in such situations is unclear. The medical records of all patients diagnosed with gonorrhoea between May 2005 and April 2010 at RPA Sexual Health were reviewed. Of 165 patients with anogenital gonorrhoea, 27 (16.4%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 11.1–22.9%) were co-infected with chlamydia (Chlamydia trachomatis). Compared with those only infected with anogenital gonorrhoea, there was no correlation of anogenital gonorrhoea–chlamydia co-infection with any demographic, behavioural or clinical variables examined. Anti-chlamydial therapy should be considered for all patients with gram stain diagnosed anogenital gonorrhoea at the initial clinic visit.

scholarly journals Lactase Persistence, Milk Intake, and Adult Acne: A Mendelian Randomization Study of 20,416 Danish Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Juhl ◽  
Helle Bergholdt ◽  
Iben Miller ◽  
Gregor Jemec ◽  
Jørgen Kanters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Milk Intake ◽  
Lactase Persistence ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Unadjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Genetically Determined ◽  
Age Range

Whether there is a causal relationship between milk intake and acne is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that genetically determined milk intake is associated with acne in adults using a Mendelian randomization design. LCT-13910 C/T (rs4988235) is associated with lactase persistence (TT/TC) in Northern Europeans. We investigated the association between milk intake, LCT-13910 C/T (rs4988235), and acne in 20,416 adults (age-range: 20–96) from The Danish General Suburban Population Study (GESUS). The adjusted observational odds ratio for acne in any milk intake vs. no milk intake was 0.93(95% confidence interval: 0.48–1.78) in females and 0.49(0.22–1.08) in males aged 20–39 years, and 1.15(95% confidence interval: 0.66–1.99) in females and 1.02(0.61–1.72) in males above 40 years. The unadjusted odds ratio for acne in TT+TC vs. CC was 0.84(0.43–1.62) in the age group 20–39 years, and 0.99(0.52–1.88) above 40 years. We did not find any observational or genetic association between milk intake and acne in our population of adults.

scholarly journals Bacterial Load of Chlamydia trachomatis in the Posterior Oropharynx, Tonsillar Fossae, and Saliva among Men Who Have Sex with Men with Untreated Oropharyngeal Chlamydia

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany R. Phillips ◽  
Christopher K. Fairley ◽  
Kate Maddaford ◽  
Jennifer Danielewski ◽  
Jane S. Hocking ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Saliva Sample ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Anatomical Site ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sex With Men

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to determine whether Chlamydia trachomatis could be detected in saliva and if infection is specific to an anatomical site in the oropharynx. Men who have sex with men (MSM) who were diagnosed with oropharyngeal chlamydia at the Melbourne Sexual Health Centre in 2017-2018 were invited to participate upon returning for treatment. Swabs at the tonsillar fossae and posterior oropharynx and a saliva sample were collected. Throat samples were tested for C. trachomatis by the Aptima Combo 2 assay. The bacterial loads of C. trachomatis in all samples were assessed by quantitative PCR (qPCR) detecting the ompA gene. We calculated the positivity and bacterial load of C. trachomatis for all samples. Forty-two MSM were included. The median age was 28 years (interquartile range [IQR], 24 to 33 years). Thirty-two participants (76.2%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 60.5% to 87.9%) had C. trachomatis detected by qPCR at both the tonsillar fossae and the posterior oropharynx, followed by 9.5% (n = 4; 95% CI, 2.7% to 22.6%) positive at the posterior oropharynx only and 4.8% (n = 2; 95% CI, 0.58% to 16.2%) positive at the tonsillar fossae only. Twenty-nine MSM had C. trachomatis detected in saliva (69.0%; 95% CI, 52.9% to 82.3%). The median C. trachomatis load in saliva was 446 copies/ml (IQR, 204 to 1,390 copies/ml), that in the tonsillar fossae was 893 copies/swab (IQR, 390 to 13,224 copies/ml), and that in the posterior oropharynx was 1,204 copies/swab (IQR, 330 to 16,211). There was no significant difference in C. trachomatis load between the tonsillar fossae and the posterior oropharynx (P = 0.119). Among MSM with oropharyngeal chlamydia, nearly three-quarters had chlamydia DNA detected in saliva, although the viability and implications for transmission are unknown.

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