scholarly journals Lactase Persistence, Milk Intake, and Adult Acne: A Mendelian Randomization Study of 20,416 Danish Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Juhl ◽  
Helle Bergholdt ◽  
Iben Miller ◽  
Gregor Jemec ◽  
Jørgen Kanters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Milk Intake ◽  
Lactase Persistence ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Unadjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Genetically Determined ◽  
Age Range

Whether there is a causal relationship between milk intake and acne is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that genetically determined milk intake is associated with acne in adults using a Mendelian randomization design. LCT-13910 C/T (rs4988235) is associated with lactase persistence (TT/TC) in Northern Europeans. We investigated the association between milk intake, LCT-13910 C/T (rs4988235), and acne in 20,416 adults (age-range: 20–96) from The Danish General Suburban Population Study (GESUS). The adjusted observational odds ratio for acne in any milk intake vs. no milk intake was 0.93(95% confidence interval: 0.48–1.78) in females and 0.49(0.22–1.08) in males aged 20–39 years, and 1.15(95% confidence interval: 0.66–1.99) in females and 1.02(0.61–1.72) in males above 40 years. The unadjusted odds ratio for acne in TT+TC vs. CC was 0.84(0.43–1.62) in the age group 20–39 years, and 0.99(0.52–1.88) above 40 years. We did not find any observational or genetic association between milk intake and acne in our population of adults.

scholarly journals Effect of Basal Metabolic Rate on Cancer: A Mendelian Randomization Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack C. M. Ng ◽  
C. Mary Schooling
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Basal Metabolic Rate ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor

Background: Basal metabolic rate is associated with cancer, but these observations are open to confounding. Limited evidence from Mendelian randomization studies exists, with inconclusive results. Moreover, whether basal metabolic rate has a similar role in cancer for men and women independent of insulin-like growth factor 1 increasing cancer risk has not been investigated.Methods: We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization study using summary data from the UK Biobank to estimate the causal effect of basal metabolic rate on cancer. Overall and sex-specific analysis and multiple sensitivity analyses were performed including multivariable Mendelian randomization to control for insulin-like growth factor 1.Results: We obtained 782 genetic variants strongly (p-value < 5 × 10–8) and independently (r2 < 0.01) predicting basal metabolic rate. Genetically predicted higher basal metabolic rate was associated with an increase in cancer risk overall (odds ratio, 1.06; 95% confidence interval, 1.02–1.10) with similar estimates by sex (odds ratio for men, 1.07; 95% confidence interval, 1.002–1.14; odds ratio for women, 1.06; 95% confidence interval, 0.995–1.12). Sensitivity analyses including adjustment for insulin-like growth factor 1 showed directionally consistent results.Conclusion: Higher basal metabolic rate might increase cancer risk. Basal metabolic rate as a potential modifiable target of cancer prevention warrants further study.

scholarly journals Causal associations between COVID-19 and Atrial Fibrillation: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Zhang ◽  
Biyan Wang ◽  
Di Liu ◽  
Jinxia Zhang ◽  
Qiuyue Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Biological Pathway ◽  
Limited Evidence

Abstract Background Observational studies showed that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) attacks universally and its most menacing progression uniquely endangers the elderly with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Whether COVID-19 is causally related to increasing susceptibility and severity of atrial fibrillation (AF), the main form of CVD, remains still unknown. Methods The study aims to investigate the bidirectional causal relations of COVID-19 with AF using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Results MR evidence suggested genetically predicted severe COVID-19 was significantly associated with higher risk of AF (odds ratio [OR], 1.041; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.007-1.076; P = 0.017), while genetically predicted AF was not causally associated with severe COVID-19 (OR, 0.831; 95% CI, 1.619-1.115; P=0.217). There was limited evidence to support association of genetically proxied COVID-19 with risk of AF (OR, 1.051; 95% CI, 0.991-1.114; P=0.097), and vice versa (OR, 0.163; 95% CI, 0.004-6.790; P=0.341). MR-Egger indicated no evidence of pleiotropic bias. Conclusion Overall, severe COVID-19 may causally affect AF through independent biological pathway. Survivors from severe COVID-19 might be of high risk of AF in the future. Key words Coronavirus disease 2019; Atrial Fibrillation; Bidirectional mendelian randomization

scholarly journals Odds of Getting Adequate Physical Activity by Dog Walking

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (s1) ◽  
pp. S102-S109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesus Soares ◽  
Jacqueline N. Epping ◽  
Chantelle J. Owens ◽  
David R. Brown ◽  
Tina J. Lankford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Systematic Search ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Random Effects Model ◽  
Unadjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Dog Walking ◽  
Dog Owners

Background:We aimed to determine the likelihood that adult dog owners who walk their dogs will achieve a healthy level of moderate-intensity (MI) physical activity (PA), defined as at least 150 mins/wk.Methods:We conducted a systematic search of 6 databases with data from 1990–2012 on dog owners’ PA, to identify those who achieved MIPA. To compare dog-walkers’ performance with non-dog walkers, we used a random effects model to estimate the unadjusted odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI).Results:We retrieved 9 studies that met our inclusion criterion and allowed OR calculations. These yielded data on 6980 dog owners aged 18 to 81 years (41% men). Among them, 4463 (63.9%) walked their dogs. Based on total weekly PA, 2710 (60.7%) dog walkers, and 950 (37.7%) non-dog walkers achieved at least MIPA. The estimated OR was 2.74 (95% CI 2.09–3.60).Conclusion:Across 9 published studies, almost 2 in 3 dog owners reported walking their dogs, and the walkers are more than 2.5 times more likely to achieve at least MIPA. These findings suggest that dog walking may be a viable strategy for dog owners to help achieve levels of PA that may enhance their health.

scholarly journals Painful temporomandibular disorders, self reported tinnitus, and depression are highly associated

2013 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 943-947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovana Fernandes ◽  
Daniela Aparecida de Godoi Goncalves ◽  
Jose Tadeu Tesseroli de Siqueira ◽  
Cinara Maria Camparis
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Temporomandibular Disorders ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Research Diagnostic Criteria

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the association among painful temporomandibular disorders (TMD), self reported tinnitus, and levels of depression. Method The sample consisted of 224 individuals with ages ranges from 18 to 76 years. The Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders Axis I were used to classify TMD and Axis II were used for self reported tinnitus, and to score the levels of depression. The odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was applied. Results The presence of painful TMD without tinnitus was significantly associated with moderate/severe levels of depression (OR=9.3, 95%; CI: 3.44-25.11). The concomitant presence of painful TMD and tinnitus self-report increased the magnitude of the association with moderate/severe levels of depression (OR=16.3, 95%; CI, 6.58-40.51). Conclusion Painful temporomandibular disorders, high levels of depression, and self reported tinnitus are deeply associated. However, this association does not imply a causal relationship.

scholarly journals Higher Incidence of Hypospadias in Monochorionic Twins

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 591-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remco Visser ◽  
Nienke C. M. Burger ◽  
Erik W. van Zwet ◽  
Yvonne Hilhorst-Hofstee ◽  
Monique C. Haak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Monochorionic Twins ◽  
Appropriate For Gestational Age

Background:Hypospadias is associated with twinning. The incidence of hypospadias in monochorionic and dichorionic male twins is, however, yet to be determined.Methods:All medical records of monochorionic and dichorionic twins admitted to our neonatal nursery between January 2004 and August 2013 were reviewed for the presence of hypospadias.Results:A total of 350 monochorionic and 303 dichorionic male twins were included in the study. The incidence of hypospadias in monochorionic and dichorionic groups was 4% (14/350) and 1% (3/303) (p= .016) respectively. In 11 of the 15 twin couples, hypospadias occurred in the twin with the lowest birth weight. The rate of hypospadias in twin infants small-for-gestational-age group was 10% (6/60) compared with 2% (11/593) in the appropriate-for-gestational-age group (p= .002). In a multivariate analysis, both monochorionicity and small-for-gestational-age were independently associated with hypospadias, odds ratio 4.1 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1–14.7) and 6.1 (95% CI: 2.2–17.2) respectively.Conclusions: The incidence of hypospadias is four-fold higher in monochorionic twins compared with dichorionic twins. Hypospadias is also independently associated with small-for-gestational-age.

scholarly journals Carnitine and COVID-19 Susceptibility and Severity: A Mendelian Randomization Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunyu Li ◽  
Ruwei Ou ◽  
Qianqian Wei ◽  
Huifang Shang
Keyword(s):  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Carnitine Level ◽  
Standard Deviation Increase ◽  
Inverse Variance ◽  
Weighted Median ◽  
Genetically Determined

Background: Carnitine, a potential substitute or supplementation for dexamethasone, might protect against COVID-19 based on its molecular functions. However, the correlation between carnitine and COVID-19 has not been explored yet, and whether there exists causation is unknown.Methods: A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted to explore the causal relationship between carnitine level and COVID-19. Significant single nucleotide polymorphisms from genome-wide association study on carnitine (N = 7,824) were utilized as exposure instruments, and summary statistics of the susceptibility (N = 1,467,264), severity (N = 714,592) and hospitalization (N = 1,887,658) of COVID-19 were utilized as the outcome. The causal relationship was evaluated by multiplicative random effects inverse variance weighted (IVW) method, and further verified by another three MR methods including MR Egger, weighted median, and weighted mode, as well as extensive sensitivity analyses.Results: Genetically determined one standard deviation increase in carnitine amount was associated with lower susceptibility (OR: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.19–0.74, P: 4.77E−03) of COVID-19. Carnitine amount was also associated with lower severity and hospitalization of COVID-19 using another three MR methods, though the association was not significant using the IVW method but showed the same direction of effect. The results were robust under all sensitivity analyses.Conclusions: A genetic predisposition to high carnitine levels might reduce the susceptibility and severity of COVID-19. These results provide better understandings on the role of carnitine in the COVID-19 pathogenesis, and facilitate novel therapeutic targets for COVID-19 in future clinical trials.

scholarly journals Genetic Liability to Insomnia and Lung Cancer Risk: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiayi Shen ◽  
Huaqiang Zhou ◽  
Jiaqing Liu ◽  
Yaxiong Zhang ◽  
Ting Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Lung Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Genetic Liability

Lung cancer is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death worldwide, making its prevention an urgent issue. Meanwhile, the estimated prevalence of insomnia was as high as 30% globally. Research on the causal effect of insomnia on lung cancer incidence is still lacking. In this study, we aimed to assess the causality between the genetic liability to insomnia and lung cancer. We performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis (inverse variance weighted) to determine the causality between the genetic liability to insomnia and lung cancer. Subgroup analysis was conducted, which included lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma. In the sensitivity analysis, we conducted heterogeneity test, MR Egger, single SNP analysis, leave-one-out analysis, and MR PRESSO. There were causalities between the genetic susceptibility to insomnia and increased incidence of lung cancer [odds ratio (95% confidence interval), 1.35 (1.14–1.59); P, < 0.001], lung adenocarcinoma [odds ratio (95% confidence interval), 1.35 (1.07–1.70); P, 0.01], and lung squamous cell carcinoma [odds ratio (95% confidence interval), 1.35 (1.06–1.72), P, 0.02]. No violation of Mendelian randomization assumptions was observed in the sensitivity analysis. There was a causal relationship between the genetic susceptibility to insomnia and the lung cancer, which was also observed in lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma. The underlying mechanism remains unknown. Effective intervention and management for insomnia were recommended to improve the sleep quality and to prevent lung cancer. Moreover, regular screening for lung cancer may be beneficial for patients with insomnia.

scholarly journals Factors associated with non-vaccination against measles among 12-23 months old children in Yirgachefe district of SNNPR, Ethiopia, 2016

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luna Habtamu Degife ◽  
Yoseph Worku ◽  
Muse Tadesse
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Measles Vaccination

Abstract Immunization is an effective and proven tool for controlling and eliminating life-threatening vaccine preventable infectious diseases. In Ethiopia 5% of childhood mortalities are due to measles. Despite the availability of a safe and effective vaccine, measles outbreaks secondary to non-vaccination are occurring in southern Ethiopia especially in Yirgachefe district. This study was done to assess the risk factors associated with non-vaccination against measles. A Community-based unmatched case control study was conducted in Yirgachefe district from December 1-31, 2016.Cases were children in the age group of 12- 23 months of age who did not take measles vaccination and controls were children in the same age group who took at least one dose of measles vaccine. The study was done in 6 randomly selected kebeles and cases and controls were selected randomly by probability proportional to size sampling. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Statistical significance was interpreted using Odds ratio with 95% confidence interval and P value <0.05.A total of 320 individuals (107 cases and 214 controls) were approached for interview with a response rate of 93.75%. Of the cases, 57% were males and more than half fall in the 12-18 months age group. Knowledge regarding measles vaccination was also asked and among cases 72% heard about measles, 26% knew that all children should be vaccinated, 31% had awareness about the right age of vaccination, 60% agrees that measles is vaccine preventable and 65% knew that it is contagious. In multivariable logistic regression, Lack of Ante Natal Care follow up(ANC) (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) =3.57; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.22-10.44), lack of knowledge on the importance of vaccination, who should be vaccinated and if measles is contagious with an AOR and CI of (AOR=6.81; 95% CI: 1.56-29.64), (AOR=4.29; 95% CI: 1.83-10.04) and (AOR=8.97; 95%CI: 3.15-25.58) respectively were independent risk factors.Education and awareness about measles and its immunization should be given to the community. Additionally, ANC follow up should also be strengthened.

scholarly journals Association between Alzheimer's disease and COVID-19: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Liu ◽  
Xiaoyu Zhang ◽  
Weijie Cao ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Manshu Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Biological Pathways ◽  
Bidirectional Regulation ◽  
Increased Risk

Background In observational studies, Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been associated with an increased risk of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and the prognosis of COVID-19 can affect nervous systems. However, the causality between these conditions remains to be determined. Methods This study sought to investigate the bidirectional causal relations of AD with COVID-19 using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Results We found that genetically predicted AD was significantly associated with higher risk of severe COVID-19 (odds ratio [OR], 3.329; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.139-9.725; P=0.028). It's interesting that genetically predicted severe COVID-19 was also significantly associated with higher risk of AD (OR, 1.004; 95% CI, 1.001-1.007; P=0.018). In addition, the two strong genetic variants associated with severe COVID-19 was associated with higher AD risk (OR, 1.018; 95% CI, 1.003-1.034; P=0.018). There is no evidence to support that genetically predicted AD was significantly associated with COVID-19 susceptibility, and vice versa. No obvious pleiotropy bias and heterogeneity were observed. Conclusion Overall, AD may causally affect severe COVID-19, and vice versa, performing bidirectional regulation through independent biological pathways.

scholarly journals Factors associated with non-vaccination against measles among 12-23 months old children in Yirgachefe district of SNNPR, Ethiopia, 2016

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luna Habtamu Degife ◽  
Yoseph Worku ◽  
Muse Tadesse
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Lack Of Knowledge

Abstract Immunization is an effective and proven tool for controlling and eliminating life-threatening vaccine preventable infectious diseases. In Ethiopia 5% of childhood mortalities are due to measles. In 2015, 85% of children had received 1 dose of measles vaccine by their second birthday. Despite the availability of a safe and effective vaccine, measles outbreaks secondary to non-vaccination are occurring in southern Ethiopia especially in Yirgachefe district.This study was done to assess the risk factors associated with non-vaccination against measles. A Community-based unmatched case control study was conducted in Yirgachefe district from December 1-31, 2016.Cases were defined as children in the age group of 12- 23 months of age who did not take measles vaccination. The study was done in 6 randomly selected kebeles and cases and controls were selected randomly by probability proportional to size sampling. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection and data was analyzed by using Epi info version 7 and SPSS version 20. Statistical significance was interpreted using Odds ratio with 95% confidence interval and P value <0.05. A total of 320 individuals (107 cases and 214 controls) were approached for interview with a response rate of 93.75%. Of the cases, 57% were males and more than half fall in the 12-18 months age group. Lack of Ante Natal Care follow up (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) =3.57; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.22-10.44), lack of knowledge on the importance of vaccination, who should be vaccinated and if measles is contagious with an AOR and CI of (AOR=6.81; 95% CI: 1.56-29.64), (AOR=4.29; 95% CI: 1.83-10.04) and (AOR=8.97; 95%CI: 3.15-25.58) respectively were independent risk factors. Lack of ANC follow up, lack of knowledge about who should get vaccinated, the importance of vaccination and contagiousness of the disease were identified as risk factors for non-vaccination against measles. Education and awareness about measles and its immunization should be given to the community. Additionally, ANC follow up should also be strengthened.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document