Leaf architecture in Adansonia, Bombax and Celiba (Bombacaceae)

1996 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 255 ◽  
Author(s):  
RB Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Architecture ◽  
Venation Pattern ◽  
The Family ◽  
Shape And Size

Leaf architecture was investigated in three species of the family Bombacaceae. The mature leaflets from both fresh and herbarium materials were cleared using the method of Mohan Ram and Nayyar (1977), and terminologies of Hickey (1973) were used to determine the leaf characters and the venation patterns. The whole lamina is more or less symmetrical in all the species investigated. The major venation pattern conforms to the types of camptodromous mixed with festooned brochidodromous, and festooned brochidodromous. In all the members of the family studied, the primary and secondary veins are ornamented with parenchymatous bundle sheaths. Imperfectly developed areoles are predominant over the developed ones. The size and the shape of the areole is variable. The vein endings may be simple, or once or sometimes twice dichotomously branched. The highest venation order of the family is sixth degree. Marginal ultimate venation is looped. Tracheids are either uni-, bi-, tri-, or multi-seriate and vary in shape and size, and are commonly found at the free ends of the veins. Extension cells and isolated tracheids are not common. These characters are remarkably different from those in members of the Malvaceae.

scholarly journals Leaf morphoanatomy of an endemic massaranduba from Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monick Lima Carvalho ◽  
Cláudia Elena Carneiro
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Vegetative State ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Leaf Architecture ◽  
Chapada Diamantina ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
The Family ◽  
Microscopy Techniques

Abstract: The Sapotaceae family is recognized for its economic importance, presenting food, medicinal and timber potential. Pouteria andarahiensis T.D.Penn., popularly known as "massaranduba", is endemic to Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil, and is currently classified on the IUCN red list as "endangered". Pouteria andarahiensis is little studied, highlighting this work as the first anatomical study for the species. Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy techniques were used to perform anatomical studies. The species showed characters shared with the family (laticifers and malpiguiaceous trichomes), as well as diagnostic characters and associated with xeromorphy. The data obtained from the leaf architecture can assist in the identification of the species in a vegetative state, while the leaf surface provided unpublished data to the species, indicating the presence of a cuticle with complex ornamentation. Stand out as xeromorphic anatomical features, high stomatal density, high number of trichomes per area, sclerenchymatic columns in the mesophyll and a subepidermal sclerenchyma layer connecting the vascular bundles in the mesophyll.

scholarly journals Taxonomic revision and new species/subspecies of Middle-Late Miocene (Bessarabian) miliolids of the Family Hauerinidae Schwager from Georgia — Eastern Paratethys

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 419-430
Author(s):  
Lamara Maisuradze ◽  
Kakhaber Koiava ◽  
Silvia Spezzaferri
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Late Miocene ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Eastern Paratethys ◽  
The Family ◽  
Shape And Size

Taxonomic revision and new species/subspecies of Middle-Late Miocene (Bessarabian) miliolids of the Family Hauerinidae Schwager from Georgia — Eastern ParatethysThree new miliolid taxa from Bessarabian sediments from Georgia (Eastern Paratethys) are described following the classification of Łuczkowska (1972), which has never been used before by ex-Soviet micropaleontologists. They are:Varidentella luczkowskae; Varidentella reussi(Bogdanowicz) subsp.costulata; andAffinetrina voloshinovae(Bogdanowicz) subsp.eldarica.This classification takes into account the morphology of the aperture and the shape and size of teeth as criteria to distinguish the species. This study contributes important criteria which will help to unify the taxonomical inconsistencies between the Eastern, Central and Western Paratethyan miliolids.

Revision of the family Carabodidae (Acari: Oribatida) XIII. Congocepheus camerunensis sp. nov. from Cameroon and Synkrotima zimbabwae gen. nov., sp. nov. from the Republic of Zimbabwe

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 1822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nestor Fernandez ◽  
Pieter Daniel Theron ◽  
Sergio Leiva ◽  
Louwrens Tiedt
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Shape And Size

Congocepheus camerunensis sp. nov. from Cameroon and Synkrotima zimbabwae gen. nov., sp. nov. from Zimbabwe are described using optical and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Congocepheus camerunensis is similar to C. heterotrichus, differentiated by: dissimilarity in shape and length of prodorsal, notogastral, epimeral, agenital, and adanal setae; placement, shape, and size of finger-like projection, bothridial ring and tutorium. Synkrotima zimbabwae gen. nov., sp. nov. is a distinctive species with a more or less flat elevated interlamellar process with longitudinal elevations and an anterior expansion; very complex ventral ornamentations with alternating depressed and elevated zones; genital neotrichy; absence of notogastral depression; the differences in shape and lengths of the prodorsal, notogastral, epimeral, genital, aggenital, adanal and anal setae in comparison to other species of the family Carabodidae. 

scholarly journals Taxonomic Revision of Garcinia Section Garcinia (Clusiaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 373 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. NAZRE ◽  
M. F. NEWMAN ◽  
R. T. PENNINGTON ◽  
D. J. MIDDLETON
Keyword(s):  
Rain Forest ◽  
Smooth Surface ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Male Flower ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Surface Species ◽  
Eastern India ◽  
Venation Pattern ◽  
Shape And Size

Species of Garcinia sect. Garcinia are typically understorey trees in rain forest and are distributed from eastern India to Malesia. A taxonomic revision of Garcinia section Garcinia (Clusiaceae) has resulted in the recognition of 13 species, two of which have three varieties each. Several species are excluded from Garcinia section Garcinia, reported as insufficiently known, or reduced to synonymy. Five species, G. acuticosta, G. discoidea, G. exigua, G. ochracea and G. sangudsangud, and two varieties, G. diospyrifolia var. minor and G. mangostana var. borneensis, are newly described. Morphological characters that are important for sectional delimitation are terminally attached inflorescences of simple cymes, stamen bundles 4 or 4-angled, and fruits with a smooth surface. Species limits are defined on the basis of a combination of characters of the male flower (i.e. shape of stamens, presence of pistillode), type of fruit, and characters of the leaf (shape and size, venation pattern and glandular lines).

scholarly journals Beyond a feeding and thermoregulatory structure: toucan’s bill as a sword and pincer

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Camargo de Guaraldo ◽  
Letícia Mara Ceolin Antqueves ◽  
Lilian Tonelli Manica
Keyword(s):  
Citizen Science ◽  
Thermal Regulation ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Widespread Occurrence ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
The Family ◽  
Shape And Size ◽  
Agonistic Encounters

AbstractToucans (Ramphastidae) have always attracted researcher’s attention for their exuberant bill shape and size, which function has been often related to feeding strategies and thermal regulation. In this study, we discuss the importance and use of the bill by Ramphastidae species in intraspecific disputes. We present novel data and video recordings on agonistic encounters between females of the Spot-billed Toucan Selenidera maculirostris, along with a compilation of data from the Brazilian citizen science platform WikiAves and previous studies on six other Ramphastidae species. Until now, only a couple of species was known for using their bill in fights against conspecifics. Our study highlights the between-species behavioral similarities and the widespread occurrence of such behavior in the family, suggesting that this may be more common than previously thought and proposing hypotheses on the likely roles of such intraspecific contests.

scholarly journals Modern taxonomy of viruses of vertebrates

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (98) ◽  
pp. 113-118
Author(s):  
O. S. Kalinina
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Viral Genome ◽  
Eriocheir Sinensis ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Shell Type ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Rhabdoviridae ◽  
Shape And Size

The modern taxonomy of viruses of vertebrates is presented according to the information of ICTV issue 07.2019, ratification 03.2020. The leading criteria of taxonomy of viruses are named: type and structure of viral genome, mechanism of replication and morphology of virion. The periods of formation of taxonomic ranks of viruses are characterized: in 1966–1970 genera of viruses were formed, in 1971–1975 – families and subfamilies, since 1990 – orders, in 2018–2019 – realms, kingdoms, phylums, subphylums, classes, suborders, subgenеres. The nomenclature of viruses is described. Viruses belong to the Viruses domain. Viruses of vertebrates (1878 species) belong to 4 realms, 5 kingdoms, 10 phylums, 2 subphylums, 20 classes, 26 orders, 3 suborders, 45 families (of which 15 – DNA-genomic and 30 – RNA-genomic), 33 subfamilies, 345 genera and 49 subgenera. Taxonomic ranks of DNA- and RNA-genomic viruses of vertebrates are described. The DNA-genome family Anelloviridae and the unclassified RNA-genomic genus Deltavirus are not included in any realm. The family Birnaviridae is not classified within the kingdom Orthornavirae. The family of DNA-genomic Hepadnaviridae is included in the realm of RNA-containing viruses Riboviria on the grounds that the replication of hepadnaviruses occurs through the stage of RNA on the principle of reverse transcription, as in the family Retroviridae. The main taxonomic features of DNA- and RNA-genomic viruses of vertebrates are described: type and structure of viral genome (DNA or RNA, number of strands, conformation, fragmentation, polarity), shape and size of virions, presence of outer lipoprotein shell, type of capsid symmetry (spiral, iсosahedral). Some families, in addition to viruses of vertebrates, contain viruses of invertebrates and plants, in particular: families Poxviridae, Iridoviridae, Parvoviridae, Circoviridae, Smacoviridae, Genomoviridae, Rhabdoviridae, Nyamiviridae, Peribunyaviridae, Phenuiviridae, Nairoviviridae, Nodaviridae, Reoviridae and Birnaviridae – viruses of insects; families Genomoviridae, Rhabdoviridae, Phenuiviridae and Reoviridae – viruses of plants; family Nyamiviridae – viruses of nematodes, cestodes, sipunculidеs and echinoderms; family Rhabdoviridae – viruses of nematodes; family Reoviridae – Eriocheir sinensis reovirus; family Birnaviridae – viruses of tellines and rotifers.

scholarly journals Short communication: Leaf architecture of 35 species of Dipterocarpaceae cultivated in Forest Area with Special Purposes in Carita, Banten, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
ALNUS MEINATA ◽  
MOHAMMAD NA’IEM ◽  
DWI TYANINGSIH ADRIYANTI ◽  
ATUS SYAHBUDIN
Keyword(s):  
Short Communication ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Leaf Architecture ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Entire Margin ◽  
Pattern Group ◽  
Generative Organ

Abstract. MeinataA, Na’iem M, Adriyanti DT, Syahbudin A. 2021. Short communication: Leaf architecture of 35 species of Dipterocarpaceae cultivated in Forest Area with Special Purposes in Carita, Banten, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 2952-2960. Dipterocarpaceae is a major commercial timber characterized by high unbranched bole, paired stipules, and winged fruit. The identification process in the family becomes problematic, in cases where the generative organ is absent. Therefore, a new approach needs to be established to address any misidentification leading to improper utilization. This study aims to determine the leaf architecture in 35 species of Dipterocarpaceae cultivated in Forest Area with Special Purposes (KHDTK) Carita, Banten, Indonesia. The ten leaf samples collected were the third and fourth leaves from terminal shoots of a single tree of each species. Subsequently, the data were observed and measured based on the 17 morphological characters. Each character was then scored and analyzed using multivariate analyses cluster to determine the relationship between species. Dipterocarpaceae generally has pinnate leaf category, geniculate petiole, and entire margin. Furthermore, the phenon line in the dendrogram is cut at 0.695 similarity level to establish meaningful interpretation. The 35 species observed were grouped into 4 major clusters. Small leaf group, inconsistent tertiary vein pattern group, symmetrical leaves with cordate base leaf group, and other groups that do not resemble mentioned characters. The key determination comprised 34 couplets with three characters repeated due to limited descriptors.

scholarly journals Differentiation of the fossil Hexapodidae Miers, 1886 (Decapoda: Brachyura) from similar forms

2001 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 330-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie E. Schweitzer ◽  
Rodney M. Feldmann
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
The Family ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Shape And Size

Distinguishing among members of the Hexapodidae Miers, 1886, the Asthenognathinae Stimpson, 1858, and the Chasmocarcininae Serène, 1964, is difficult in fossil specimens that lack preserved pereiopods or sterna. Members of the Hexapodidae are easily identified if sterna and pereiopods are present, because possession of four pairs of pereiopods and seven exposed sternites is diagnostic for the family. Several features of the dorsal carapace are useful in differentiating among genera assigned to that family and other subfamilies belonging to the Goneplacidae and Pinnotheridae; however, dorsal carapace characters are less useful in assigning taxa at the family or subfamily level. A key to the taxa discussed herein permits generic differentiation based upon the relative dimensions of the carapace, the shape and size of the orbits, the shape and size of the rostrum, carapace ornamentation, and the degree of fusion of abdominal somites in males.A new species of Palaeopinnixa Via, 1966, Palaeopinnixa rotundus, is described from the Eocene Coaledo Formation of Oregon, USA. A new hexapodid genus and species, Globihexapus paxillus, is recognized from the Miocene Astoria Formation of Washington, USA. Prepaeduma decapoda Morris and Collins, 1991, is referred to Hexapus de Haan, 1833. Viapinnixa new genus has been erected to accommodate material previously assigned to Pinnixa (Palaeopinnixa) nodosa Collins and Rasmussen, 1992, and Orthakrolophos has been named to accommodate three species of Palaeograpsus Bittner, 1875. Asthenognathus urretae new species is described from the middle Eocene Centinela Formation of southern Argentina.

scholarly journals Arquitectura foliar y anatomía de la corteza y la madera de Quercus sartorii y Q. xalapensis (Fagaceae)

2017 ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Dorismilda Martínez-Cabrera ◽  
Teresa Terrazas ◽  
Fernando Zavala-Chávez
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Size ◽  
Secondary Vein ◽  
Leaf Architecture ◽  
Venation Pattern ◽  
Similar Morphology ◽  
Stomata Number

Leaf architecture and wood and ba rk anatomy of Quercus sartorii and Q. xalapensis, species with similar morphology, are described and compared, with the main purpose of recognizing features that may contribute to distinguish them. The results showed that venation pattern features such as areole number and shape, veintlets branching, and secondary vein arrangement inside the tooth are characters that help distinguish both species, but not leaf size and stomata number. Both species differ in their external bark appearance and phelloderm. Wood of both species is similar to that reported for the genus, but there is a tendency to having fewer vessels and solitary in radial rows in Q. sartorii. These traits should be used together with floral, fruit and seed features to support the recognition of both species.

THE DETERMINATION OF SETAL HOMOLOGIES AND SETAL PATTERNS ON THE DORSAL SHIELD IN THE FAMILY PHYTOSEIIDAE (ACARINA: MESOSTIGMATA)

1978 ◽  
Vol 110 (8) ◽  
pp. 859-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Rowell ◽  
D. A. Chant ◽  
R. I. C. Hansell
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Relationships ◽  
Dorsal Shield ◽  
The Family ◽  
Shape And Size

AbstractThe chaetotactic nomenclature proposed by Lindquist and Evans (1965) for the Gamasina, using the family Ascidae as examplar, is adopted for use in the family Phytoseiidae. Probable setal homologies were determined by: examining and comparing ontogenetic relationships in both the Phytoseiidae and Ascidae; standardizing the shape and size of the dorsal shield of exemplars from 7 genera of Phytoseiidae and one of Ascidae in order to compare standardized, transformed setal positions; examining the spatial relationships between setal and pore positions. The technique used to standardize the shape and size of the dorsal shield is described. The setal nomenclature adopted for each of the genera of Phytoseiidae is discussed and presented in diagrammatic form. Ventral chaetotaxy in the Ascidae and Phytoseiidae is also discussed.

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