scholarly journals Beyond a feeding and thermoregulatory structure: toucan’s bill as a sword and pincer

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Camargo de Guaraldo ◽  
Letícia Mara Ceolin Antqueves ◽  
Lilian Tonelli Manica
Keyword(s):  
Citizen Science ◽  
Thermal Regulation ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Widespread Occurrence ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
The Family ◽  
Shape And Size ◽  
Agonistic Encounters

AbstractToucans (Ramphastidae) have always attracted researcher’s attention for their exuberant bill shape and size, which function has been often related to feeding strategies and thermal regulation. In this study, we discuss the importance and use of the bill by Ramphastidae species in intraspecific disputes. We present novel data and video recordings on agonistic encounters between females of the Spot-billed Toucan Selenidera maculirostris, along with a compilation of data from the Brazilian citizen science platform WikiAves and previous studies on six other Ramphastidae species. Until now, only a couple of species was known for using their bill in fights against conspecifics. Our study highlights the between-species behavioral similarities and the widespread occurrence of such behavior in the family, suggesting that this may be more common than previously thought and proposing hypotheses on the likely roles of such intraspecific contests.

A shallow-living benthic Rhodaliid siphonophore: citizen science discovery from Papua New Guinea

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4324 (1) ◽  
pp. 189 ◽  
Author(s):  
MACIEJ K. MAŃKO ◽  
AGATA WEYDMANN ◽  
GILLIAN M. MAPSTONE
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Citizen Science ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Approximate Estimate ◽  
Continental Shelves ◽  
The Family ◽  
Scientific Potential ◽  
Made In

Benthic siphonophores of the family Rhodaliidae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) are extremely fragile, difficult to collect, and therefore little studied. Only a few records exist worldwide, so their ecology remains largely unknown. Rhodaliids have been found at most depth horizons, but until now were believed to mainly inhabit deeper water over continental shelves, with only a few records from ca. 100 m. In this paper, a new rhodaliid is described based on an underwater photograph provided by a recreational diver via Facebook. This observation was made in Milne Bay (Papua New Guinea) at a depth of 26–27 m, and constitutes the shallowest record so far for any rhodaliid. The specimen was tentatively identified as Archangelopsis typica based on observable morphological characters and an approximate estimate of connectivity between all rhodaliid species in the Indo-Pacific region. Additionally, we highlight the scientific potential of citizen science. 

scholarly journals Taxonomic revision and new species/subspecies of Middle-Late Miocene (Bessarabian) miliolids of the Family Hauerinidae Schwager from Georgia — Eastern Paratethys

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 419-430
Author(s):  
Lamara Maisuradze ◽  
Kakhaber Koiava ◽  
Silvia Spezzaferri
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Late Miocene ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Eastern Paratethys ◽  
The Family ◽  
Shape And Size

Taxonomic revision and new species/subspecies of Middle-Late Miocene (Bessarabian) miliolids of the Family Hauerinidae Schwager from Georgia — Eastern ParatethysThree new miliolid taxa from Bessarabian sediments from Georgia (Eastern Paratethys) are described following the classification of Łuczkowska (1972), which has never been used before by ex-Soviet micropaleontologists. They are:Varidentella luczkowskae; Varidentella reussi(Bogdanowicz) subsp.costulata; andAffinetrina voloshinovae(Bogdanowicz) subsp.eldarica.This classification takes into account the morphology of the aperture and the shape and size of teeth as criteria to distinguish the species. This study contributes important criteria which will help to unify the taxonomical inconsistencies between the Eastern, Central and Western Paratethyan miliolids.

scholarly journals När barnet blir expert: Förklaringar av ord och procedurer i det digitala spelet Growtopia

2019 ◽  
Vol NF 28 (2018) ◽  
pp. 48-77
Author(s):  
Åsa Palviainen ◽  
Arja Piirainen-Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Academic Language ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Word Meanings ◽  
Context Sensitive ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Multimodal Features ◽  
The Family ◽  
Shed Light

The ability to explain word meanings is central to a child’s language development and socialisation into different domains of language use. In previous research explanations have been shown to be linked to cognitive and linguistic development as well as academic language and discursive skills. This paper analyses what kinds of linguistic and discursive competences are put to use in explanation activities in interactions between an 8-year-old bilingual child (Albin) and his mother around a digital game. The data comes from a larger data set of video-recordings and field observation of children’s interactions around games. The analysis focuses on explanation sequences in which the child explicates the meaning of objects and procedures in the game world. The analysis shows how explanations are initiated, how they unfold in interaction and how they make relevant asymmetrical roles for the participants, allowing the child to construct a position of knowledge with regard to the game, an important part of his life world. More specifically, the analysis elucidates how Albin’s explanations highlight semantic features and relations that are meaningful for him and how he employs a wide range of linguistic and other semiotic resources in constructing his explanations in a context-sensitive way. The findings shed light on linguistic, interactional and multimodal features of explanations as a discourse activity and provide a window into practices of two-way language socialization in the family.

scholarly journals Ravitsejad Siberi eesti kogukondades

Mäetagused ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 78 ◽  
pp. 89-110
Author(s):  
Anu Korb ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Folk Healing ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
The People ◽  
God's Word ◽  
The Family ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
The One ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Healing Tradition

The article is based on manuscripts as well as sound and video recordings on folk medicine collected during fieldwork conducted by the researchers of the Estonian Folklore Archives in 1991–2013 from Estonians born and raised in different Siberian Estonian communities. The ancestors of the visited Estonians had either left their homeland in search of land in the last decades of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries or were descendants of those deported and exiled by the Russian tsarist authorities in the first half of the 19th century. Fieldwork at Siberian Estonians in the last decade of the 20th century enriched the Estonian Folklore Archives with invaluable lore material, including the material related to folk medicine. Although the advance of the state medicine system with small hospitals and first aid posts had reached Siberian villages half a century before, and the activity of healers had been banned for decades, the collectors were surprised by the number of healers in villages and the extent of the practical use of folk medicine. The folk medicine tradition was upheld mostly by older women (as was the case also with other fields of lore), which resulted, on the one hand, from the demographic situation, and, on the other hand, from women’s leading position in the preservation of communal traditions. In the older Siberian Estonian communities, which had been established by the deportees (e.g. Ülem(Upper)-Suetuk, Ryzhkovo), it was believed that healing words and skills were available and could be learned by anyone; they were often compared to God’s word. Some people thought that knowledge and skills could only be shared with those younger than yourself. In the villages established by exiles people were considerably more cautious about passing on healing words and the like. In most villages with southern Estonian background, healing charms were kept in secret, as it was believed that when sharing their knowledge, the healers would lose their abilities. It was only at their death’s door that the healers selected their successor. Not all the people who were offered to learn the healing skills were ready to accept the responsibility. The first or last child in the family was thought to have more prerequisites for becoming a good healer. In the first decade of the 21st century, the situation with passing on the healing words and skills had changed considerably in older Siberian villages. Many of the healers had passed away, and there were not enough young people who were interested in continuing the tradition. So the healing skills inevitably concentrated into the hands of a few wise women. Currently, the folk healing tradition in Siberian Estonian communities is fading away, above all, due to the fast aging and diminishing of the communities.

scholarly journals Phylogenomics of piranhas and pacus (Serrasalmidae) uncovers how convergent diets obfuscate traditional morphological taxonomy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Kolmann ◽  
L.C. Hughes ◽  
L.P. Hernandez ◽  
D. Arcila ◽  
R. Betancur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sister Taxon ◽  
South American ◽  
Widespread Occurrence ◽  
Fossil Calibration ◽  
Morphological Taxonomy ◽  
Exon Capture ◽  
American River ◽  
The Family ◽  
Continental Basin ◽  
Ecological Convergence

ABSTRACTThe Amazon and neighboring South American river basins harbor the world’s most diverse assemblages of freshwater fishes. One of the most prominent South American fish families are the Serrasalmidae (pacus and piranhas), found in nearly every continental basin. Serrasalmids are keystone ecological taxa, being some of the top riverine predators as well as the primary seed dispersers in the flooded forest. Despite their widespread occurrence and notable ecologies, serrasalmid evolutionary history and systematics are controversial. For example, the sister taxon to serrasalmids is contentious, the relationships of major clades within the family are obfuscated by different methodologies, and half of the extant serrasalmid genera are suggested to be non-monophyletic. We used exon capture to explore the evolutionary relationships among 64 (of 99) species across all 16 serrasalmid genera and their nearest outgroups, including multiple individuals per species in order to account for cryptic lineages. To reconstruct the timeline of serrasalmid diversification, we time-calibrated this phylogeny using two different fossil-calibration schemes to account for uncertainty in taxonomy with respect to fossil teeth. Finally, we analyzed diet evolution across the family and comment on associated changes in dentition, highlighting the ecomorphological diversity within serrasalmids. We document widespread non-monophyly within Myleinae, as well as between Serrasalmus and Pristobrycon, and propose that reliance on traits like teeth to distinguish among genera is confounded by ecological convergence, especially among herbivorous and omnivorous taxa. We clarify the relationships among all serrasalmid genera, propose new subfamily affiliations, and support hemiodontids as the sister taxon to Serrasalmidae.

Revision of the family Carabodidae (Acari: Oribatida) XIII. Congocepheus camerunensis sp. nov. from Cameroon and Synkrotima zimbabwae gen. nov., sp. nov. from the Republic of Zimbabwe

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 1822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nestor Fernandez ◽  
Pieter Daniel Theron ◽  
Sergio Leiva ◽  
Louwrens Tiedt
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Shape And Size

Congocepheus camerunensis sp. nov. from Cameroon and Synkrotima zimbabwae gen. nov., sp. nov. from Zimbabwe are described using optical and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Congocepheus camerunensis is similar to C. heterotrichus, differentiated by: dissimilarity in shape and length of prodorsal, notogastral, epimeral, agenital, and adanal setae; placement, shape, and size of finger-like projection, bothridial ring and tutorium. Synkrotima zimbabwae gen. nov., sp. nov. is a distinctive species with a more or less flat elevated interlamellar process with longitudinal elevations and an anterior expansion; very complex ventral ornamentations with alternating depressed and elevated zones; genital neotrichy; absence of notogastral depression; the differences in shape and lengths of the prodorsal, notogastral, epimeral, genital, aggenital, adanal and anal setae in comparison to other species of the family Carabodidae. 

Some Environmental Problems of Geomedical Relevance in East and Southern Africa

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Medical Geology ◽  
Iodine Deficiency Disorders ◽  
Iodized Oil ◽  
Widespread Occurrence ◽  
The Family ◽  
Disease Causation ◽  
Hydrological System

Medical geology studies the influence of geo-environmental factors on the geographical distribution of diseases of humans and animals. In the east and southern African subregion, there has been little attention paid to date on the extent to which these factors may be important in disease causation, even though developing countries in general can be shown to hold tremendous promise for specific research in this field. This chapter highlights some problems of geomedical relevance in the subregion and submits that interdisciplinary research among scientists can help provide practical solutions. The iodine deficient regions of east and southern Africa have been identified and the widespread occurrence of goiter and related conditions, collectively referred to as iodine deficiency disorders (IDD), firmly established (e.g., Davies 1994, Jooste et al. 1997). These are serious and debilitating consequences, particularly for poor populations, as the capacity of children is severely restricted and they become a burden to the family. The reported geographical distribution of endemic goiter in East Africa is shown in Figure 22.1. Many aid agencies and governments have attempted to solve the problem by increasing dietary intake of iodine via the introduction of iodized salt and iodized oil programs. Despite these interventions, IDD remain a major problem in the subregion. It is likely that IDD are multi-causal diseases involving factors such as trace element deficiencies, goiter-inducing substances in foodstuffs (known as goitrogens), and genetics (Fordyce 2000). However, geochemists have an important role to play in determining the environmental cycling of iodine and its uptake into the food chain if levels of dietary iodine are to be enhanced successfully. It has now been established that excessive fluorine (mainly in the form of fluoride) is present in parts of the hydrological system of Kenya as well as other countries in the subregion, particularly those that are associated with rift formation (Gaciri and Davies 1993). Fluoride in minor amounts (around 1.3 ppm) reduces dental decay and enhances the proper development of the bone. A similar level of fluoride intake may also be beneficial to animals.

Blancan camelids from San Miguel de Allende, Guanajuato, central México

2010 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Jiménez-Hidalgo ◽  
O. Carranza-Castañeda
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Central Mexico ◽  
Point Bar ◽  
Fossil Material ◽  
The Family ◽  
San Miguel De Allende

During the Pliocene, the diversification of the tribes Lamini and Camelini of the Family Camelidae took place in most of North America, but at present in Mexico the systematics of Pliocene Camelidae are poorly known. Fossil material described in this paper was recovered from Blancan I and Blancan III age floodplain and point bar deposits of the San Miguel de Allende basin, Guanajuato state, central Mexico, which approximately spans a time frame from 4.7 to 3.0 Ma. The identified taxa include the lamines Hemiauchenia blancoensis (Meade) 1945, Hemiauchenia gracilis Meachen, 2005, Blancocamelus meadei Dalquest, 1975 and Camelops sp., while the camelines are represented by Megatylopus sp. The records of H. gracilis and B. meadei in the Pliocene of central Mexico are the oldest in North America. Previous studies of the probable feeding strategies of these taxa indicate that they were browsers or browser-like intermediate feeders and just one was an intermediate feeder. The records of these species in the Early Blancan of Guanajuato extend their geographic distribution from the southern USA to central Mexico.

scholarly journals Modern taxonomy of viruses of vertebrates

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (98) ◽  
pp. 113-118
Author(s):  
O. S. Kalinina
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Viral Genome ◽  
Eriocheir Sinensis ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Shell Type ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Rhabdoviridae ◽  
Shape And Size

The modern taxonomy of viruses of vertebrates is presented according to the information of ICTV issue 07.2019, ratification 03.2020. The leading criteria of taxonomy of viruses are named: type and structure of viral genome, mechanism of replication and morphology of virion. The periods of formation of taxonomic ranks of viruses are characterized: in 1966–1970 genera of viruses were formed, in 1971–1975 – families and subfamilies, since 1990 – orders, in 2018–2019 – realms, kingdoms, phylums, subphylums, classes, suborders, subgenеres. The nomenclature of viruses is described. Viruses belong to the Viruses domain. Viruses of vertebrates (1878 species) belong to 4 realms, 5 kingdoms, 10 phylums, 2 subphylums, 20 classes, 26 orders, 3 suborders, 45 families (of which 15 – DNA-genomic and 30 – RNA-genomic), 33 subfamilies, 345 genera and 49 subgenera. Taxonomic ranks of DNA- and RNA-genomic viruses of vertebrates are described. The DNA-genome family Anelloviridae and the unclassified RNA-genomic genus Deltavirus are not included in any realm. The family Birnaviridae is not classified within the kingdom Orthornavirae. The family of DNA-genomic Hepadnaviridae is included in the realm of RNA-containing viruses Riboviria on the grounds that the replication of hepadnaviruses occurs through the stage of RNA on the principle of reverse transcription, as in the family Retroviridae. The main taxonomic features of DNA- and RNA-genomic viruses of vertebrates are described: type and structure of viral genome (DNA or RNA, number of strands, conformation, fragmentation, polarity), shape and size of virions, presence of outer lipoprotein shell, type of capsid symmetry (spiral, iсosahedral). Some families, in addition to viruses of vertebrates, contain viruses of invertebrates and plants, in particular: families Poxviridae, Iridoviridae, Parvoviridae, Circoviridae, Smacoviridae, Genomoviridae, Rhabdoviridae, Nyamiviridae, Peribunyaviridae, Phenuiviridae, Nairoviviridae, Nodaviridae, Reoviridae and Birnaviridae – viruses of insects; families Genomoviridae, Rhabdoviridae, Phenuiviridae and Reoviridae – viruses of plants; family Nyamiviridae – viruses of nematodes, cestodes, sipunculidеs and echinoderms; family Rhabdoviridae – viruses of nematodes; family Reoviridae – Eriocheir sinensis reovirus; family Birnaviridae – viruses of tellines and rotifers.

Haptic Sociality

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjorie Harness Goodwin
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Sequential Analysis ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
Human Action ◽  
The Body ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
The Family ◽  
Tactile Communication ◽  
Participation Frameworks

This chapter extends the sequential analysis of human action to encompass intimate co-operative action, accomplished through the haptic, temporally unfolding intertwining of multiple bodies. The focus is on the construction through public social practice of tactile intercorporeality. Within a basic social institution, the family, members make use of culturally appropriate tactile communication (including the hug, the kiss, and other intertwinings of the body) during moments of affectively rich supportive interchanges. Materials for the study are drawn from video recordings of naturally occurring social interaction in thirty-two Los Angeles families who were part of the UCLA’s Center on Everyday Lives of Families. Examination of forms of experiential embodiment is important for articulating the participation frameworks through which affectively rich intimate social relationships are established, maintained, and negotiated.

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