Rhytismatales of Australasia

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter R. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
Single Host ◽  
Close Relatives ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Taxonomic Studies

The Rhytismatales are both genetically and biologically diverse in Australasia. Although taxonomically one of the better known groups of ascomycetes from the region, almost all knowledge on the group is confined to species from south-eastern Australia and New Zealand. The indigenous Australasian species show two distinct patterns of geographic relationship—one group comprises species with a broad tropical distribution, the other comprises species that have close relatives on phylogenetically related hosts in other parts of the temperate Southern Hemisphere. While the widespread tropical species have a broad host range, the others tend to be specialised toward a single host. Further research required includes alpha-taxonomic studies from other parts of Australasia, study of the biological roles these fungi play in Australasian forests and molecular studies on the origin of the genetic diversity of the order in this region.

Reconnaissance limnology of some coastal dune lakes of Cape York Peninsula, Queensland

1986 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
BV Timms
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Dune ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Dune Lakes ◽  
Littoral Invertebrates ◽  
Cape York ◽  
Almost All

All nine lakes studied are small (mean area 32 ha), shallow (< 5 m deep), watertable exposures in thin dunes overlying laterite or sandstone. Their water is fresh (mean salinity 52 mg I-1), acid (mean pH 4.8) and dominated by Na+ and Cl-, but with appreciable amounts of Ca2+, Mg2+ and HCO3-. Almost all macrophytes, littoral invertebrates, fish and limnetic zooplankters are common tropical species. A few species are shared with dune lakes in southern Australia and even fewer are endemic. Hence, these tropical dune lakes are different from those in temperate and subtropical eastern Australia.

Genetic diversity of Philippine Rubus moluccanus L. (Rosaceae) populations examined with VNTR DNA probes

1997 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 867-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel T. Busemeyer ◽  
Stephan Pelikan ◽  
Robert S. Kennedy ◽  
Steven H. Rogstad
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Dna Probes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
Synthetic Dna ◽  
Multiple Variable

ABSTRACTTwo synthetic DNA probes composed of tandemly repeated ‘core’ sequences (GACA and GATA) were used to examine genetic diversity at multiple variable-number-tandem-repeat (VNTR) loci within and among four spatially isolated Philippine populations of Rubus moluccanus L. (Rosaceae), an uncultivated bramble widely distributed throughout southeast Asia – Malesia. Central goals were to determine whether apomictic propagation was detectable in R. moluccanus and to examine whether populations isolated on separate islands, or on mountain tops on a single island, were genetically differentiated. Sampling 22 individuals per population, the findings include: (1) no two individuals shared identical VNTR band profiles and thus apomictic propagation was not detected; (2) the mean number of bands scored per individual was 24.3 (SD = 3.91) and the proportion of polymorphic loci within populations ranged from 0.69 to 1.00 (mean = 0.86 ± SD = 0.085); (3) the average proportion of bands shared between individuals within populations ranged from 0.39 to 0.67 (0.50 ± 0.067), while average interpopulation similarity ranged from 0.21 to 0.50 (0.32 ± 0.092); and (4) estimated heterozygosity within populations ranged from 0.42 to 0.79 (0.62 ± 0.083), while interpopulation heterozygosity ran from 0.62 to 0.81 (0.74 ± 0.062). Permutation tests were used to estimate the statistical significance of differences in similarity between populations. A Luzon population isolated by 1200 km was always significantly different in similarity tests when compared with each of the other three populations, all located on Mindanao (and separated by at least 100 km but less than 250 km). Of the latter three, only one population differed significantly from the other two in the degree of VNTR markers shared, possibly reflecting biogeographic partitioning suggested for the island. Across all populations, average estimated Fst was 0.154, although mean inter-island Fst (0.224) was significantly higher than mean intra-island Fst (0.085). These results suggest that, while intra-island gene flow is relatively high, significant differentiation of tropical species may occur even over short distances on individual islands. Preservation of only a limited number of populations may result in a significant loss of genetic diversity in such species.

scholarly journals Phenotypic diversity of Haitian Benzolive (Moringa oleifera Lam.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Aristil Junior ◽  
Pierre Jonas Sanon ◽  
Dominique Lordé
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Molecular Classification ◽  
The Other ◽  
Current Survey ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Lam ◽  
Number Of Branches

Moringa (MO) is a plant with great nutritional value distributed in almost all subtropical and tropical countries including Haiti.  MO is relatively present in all departments of Haiti. But till now, there are no data available for the phenotypical diversities of Haitian MO. The current survey is aimed at evaluating the morphological diversity of Haitian MO. From June to September of the 2018 year, 90 samples of MO were collected in the 10 departments of Haiti. Characters registered per plant were submitted to statistical analysis using IBM SPSS, version 22.0. Results revealed that Haitian MO grain yield (GY) were ranging from 0.20 to 3.26 t/ha. MO from Grand’Anse and South are significantly more yielded than the other districts (p< 0.05).  MO grain yield was positively related to all registered characters. The two maximal GY correlations were observed mainly with the number of branches plant (? =0.74; p<0.001) and the number of pods per branch (? =0.60; p<0.001).  Haitian MO was classified into two separate clusters. MO of South, Southeast and Grand’Anse departments formed one cluster and the other departments constituted the largest one.  The greatest genetic diversity was detected in MO from Southeast and West departments. Crossing materials from Southeast and West department is well recommended for creating possibly new accessions. The additional investigation regarding molecular classification is deeply required for better understanding of the genetic diversity of Haitian MO.

Darwin's two competing phylogenetic trees: marsupials as ancestors or sister taxa?

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. David Archibald
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Record ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Charles Darwin ◽  
The Other ◽  
Charles Lyell ◽  
Single Origin ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
Richard Owen ◽  
First Time

Studies of the origin and diversification of major groups of plants and animals are contentious topics in current evolutionary biology. This includes the study of the timing and relationships of the two major clades of extant mammals – marsupials and placentals. Molecular studies concerned with marsupial and placental origin and diversification can be at odds with the fossil record. Such studies are, however, not a recent phenomenon. Over 150 years ago Charles Darwin weighed two alternative views on the origin of marsupials and placentals. Less than a year after the publication of On the origin of species, Darwin outlined these in a letter to Charles Lyell dated 23 September 1860. The letter concluded with two competing phylogenetic diagrams. One showed marsupials as ancestral to both living marsupials and placentals, whereas the other showed a non-marsupial, non-placental as being ancestral to both living marsupials and placentals. These two diagrams are published here for the first time. These are the only such competing phylogenetic diagrams that Darwin is known to have produced. In addition to examining the question of mammalian origins in this letter and in other manuscript notes discussed here, Darwin confronted the broader issue as to whether major groups of animals had a single origin (monophyly) or were the result of “continuous creation” as advocated for some groups by Richard Owen. Charles Lyell had held similar views to those of Owen, but it is clear from correspondence with Darwin that he was beginning to accept the idea of monophyly of major groups.

Starość w nauczaniu św. Bazylego Wielkiego

Vox Patrum ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 339-348
Author(s):  
Bogdan Czyżewski
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Spiritual Maturity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Interesting Aspect ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Physical Suffering ◽  
Way Of Thinking ◽  
Almost All

Although St. Basil did not live 50 years, the topic of the old age appears in his works quite often. On the other hand, it is clear that Basil does not discuss this issue in one par­ticular work or in the longer argumentation. The fragmentary statements about old age can be found in almost all his works, but most of them can be found in the correspondence of Basil. In this paper we present the most important ad the most interesting aspect of teach­ing of Basil the Great. As these certificates show that the bishop of Caesarea looked at the old age maturely, rationally estimated passage of time, which very often makes a man different. He experienced it, for example as a spiritual and physical suffering, which often were connected with his person. He saw a lot of aspect of the old age, especially its advan­tages – spiritual maturity and wisdom. What is more, he pointed also to passage of time, which leads a man to eternity, which should be prepared to, regardless how old he is. In his opinion fear is not seen opinions of St. Basil present really Christian way of thinking, well-balanced and calm.

scholarly journals Unveiling a unique genetic diversity of cultivated Coffea arabica L. in its main domestication center: Yemen

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Montagnon ◽  
A. Mahyoub ◽  
W. Solano ◽  
F. Sheibani
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
The World ◽  
Genetic Clusters ◽  
Domestication Process ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Coffea Arabica L ◽  
Cup Quality

AbstractWhilst it is established that almost all cultivated coffee (Coffea arabica L.) varieties originated in Yemen after some coffee seeds were introduced into Yemen from neighboring Ethiopia, the actual coffee genetic diversity in Yemen and its significance to the coffee world had never been explored. We observed five genetic clusters. The first cluster, which we named the Ethiopian-Only (EO) cluster, was made up exclusively of the Ethiopian accessions. This cluster was clearly separated from the Yemen and cultivated varieties clusters, hence confirming the genetic distance between wild Ethiopian accessions and coffee cultivated varieties around the world. The second cluster, which we named the SL-17 cluster, was a small cluster of cultivated worldwide varieties and included no Yemen samples. Two other clusters were made up of worldwide varieties and Yemen samples. We named these the Yemen Typica-Bourbon cluster and the Yemen SL-34 cluster. Finally, we observed one cluster that was unique to Yemen and was not related to any known cultivated varieties and not even to any known Ethiopian accession: we name this cluster the New-Yemen cluster. We discuss the consequences of these findings and their potential to pave the way for further comprehensive genetic improvement projects for the identification of major resilience/adaptation and cup quality genes that have been shaped through the domestication process of C. arabica.

Two new species of Terebrasabella (Annelida: Sabellidae: Sabellinae) from Australia

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1434 (1) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANNA MURRAY ◽  
GREG W. ROUSE
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Barrier Reef ◽  
Lizard Island ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Coral Rock

Two new species of Terebrasabella Fitzhugh & Rouse, 1999 are described from eastern Australia. Terebrasabella hutchingsae sp. nov., was found from preserved coral rock debris collected in 1977 on the outer Barrier Reef near Lizard Island, Queensland. Terebrasabella fitzhughi sp. nov., was found alive in burrows in and among spirorbin serpulid tubes on intertidal rocks in Tasmania in 1996. Both species were found in mucoid tubes, and brood their young in a manner similar to the only other described species of Terebrasabella, T. heterouncinata Fitzhugh & Rouse, 1999. Terebrasabella hutchingsae sp. nov., is exceptional as it possesses a type of thoracic neurochaetal uncinus different from the other two species, and which is similar to the notochaetal acicular “palmate hook” seen in Caobangia. Descriptions of both species are given, and the diagnosis for Terebrasabella is emended. Larval and chaetal morphology and relationships among of the three known Terebrasabella spp. are discussed.

Descriptions of the larvae of four species of Procladius from Great Slave Lake (Chironomidae:Diptera)

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
pp. 2055-2057 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Moore ◽  
I. A. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Antennal Segment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Great Slave Lake ◽  
Palpal Segment ◽  
Almost All

Descriptions of larvae of Procladius denticulatus, Procladius culiciformis, Procladius freemani, and Procladius bellus collected from Yellowknife Bay (lat., 62°25′; long., 114°20′) are given. Procladius denticulatus was separated from the other species by its large size, a character which always proved distinctive. Procladius culiciformis and P. freemani were separated from one another through several measurements including those of the basal antennal segment and the basal palpal segment. Almost all characters of the head were useful in distinguishing the much smaller P. bellus from the other species.

scholarly journals Morphological variation in Leptorhynchos squamatus (Gnaphalieae: Asteraceae)

2002 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Flann ◽  
Pauline Y. Ladiges ◽  
Neville G. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Alpine Plants ◽  
The Other ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Low Altitude

A study of morphological variation in Leptorhynchos squamatus (Labill.) Less. across its range in south-eastern Australia was undertaken to test the hypothesis that L. squamatus includes two taxa. Phenetic pattern analyses of both field-collected and herbarium specimens on the basis of morphology confirmed two major groups. Bract, cypsela, pappus bristle and leaf characters were particularly important in separating the two groups. The taxa are separated by altitude differences with one being a low-altitude plant found in many habitats and the other being a high-altitude taxon that is a major component of alpine meadows. Lowland plants have dark bract tips, fewer and wider pappus bristles than alpine plants, papillae on the cypselas and more linear leaves. A somewhat intermediate population from the Major Mitchell Plateau in the Grampians shows some alpine and some lowland characters but is included in the lowland taxon. Seeds from five populations (two alpine, two lowland and Major Mitchell) were germinated and plants grown for 18 weeks under four controlled sets of environmental conditions. The experiment showed that leaf size and some other characters are affected by environmental conditions, but that there are underlying genetic differences between the lowland and alpine forms. Leptorhynchos squamatus subsp. alpinus Flann is described here to accommodate the highland taxon.

scholarly journals Clonal analysis of the serogroup B meningococci causing New Zealand's epidemic

2005 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. H. DYET ◽  
D. R. MARTIN
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Meningococcal Disease ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Clonal Complex ◽  
Clonal Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Disease Rates ◽  
Sequence Types

An epidemic of meningococcal disease caused by serogroup B meningococci expressing the P1.7-2,4 PorA protein began in New Zealand in 1991. The PorA type has remained stable. Different porB have been found in association with the P1.7-2,4 PorA, although type 4 has been most common. The clonal origins of B:P1.7-2,4 meningococci isolated from cases during 1990 to the end of 2003 were analysed. In 1990, the year immediately preceding the recognized increase in disease rates, all three subclones (ST-41, ST-42, and ST-154) of the ST-41/44 clonal complex occurred among the five isolates of B:P1.7-2,4. The two sequence types, ST-42 and ST-154, continued to cause most disease throughout New Zealand. Isolates belonging to subclone ST-41 were mostly identified early in the epidemic and in the South Island. 16S rRNA typing indicated that isolates belonging to the subclones ST-41 and ST-154 share a common ancestor, with those typing as ST-42 more distantly related with some genetically ambiguous. It is possible that ST-41 and ST-154 may have evolved one from the other but evolution to ST-42 is more difficult to explain. It is possible that one or more of the ST types could have been introduced into New Zealand prior to the first detection of clinical cases in 1990. Genetic diversity may have occurred during carriage in the community.

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