Proteus in Australia. An overview of the current state of taxonomy of the Australian Proteaceae

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex S. George
Keyword(s):  
World Wide ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Flora Of Australia ◽  
Developmental Anatomy ◽  
Generic Delimitation ◽  
Current State ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Accurate Picture ◽  
Variable Species

With the Proteaceae completed for the ‘Flora of Australia’, we now have a reasonably accurate picture of its alpha systematics. Currently the family world-wide contains some 1769 species in 80 genera. In Australia there are 1093 species (c. 61.7 % of the world total) in 46 genera (57.5 %); about 99% of the species are endemic. Where do we go now? For many small genera (e.g. Franklandia, Austromuellera) the alpha taxonomy is settled, but in some small and all larger genera further research at specific and infrageneric level is needed, especially into highly variable ‘species’ (e.g. Banksia marginata) and species-complexes (e.g. the Grevillea biternata group). Much field work is required for some groups, not only to explore under-collected areas (where new taxa will undoubtedly be found) but also to study variation and such aspects as root systems, response to fire, seedlings, flower and fruit development, predation, seed dispersal and dormancy. There will be some further refinement of generic delimitation. Phylogenetic relationships and infrageneric classifications require further elucidation; even well studied genera (e.g. Banksia) contain problematic taxa. This will involve new data from such fields as anatomy (including developmental anatomy), molecular studies, DNA analysis and gene sequencing. As data improve, so will understanding world-wide relationships. Despite the use of computer technology, intuition and interpretation will continue to generate different classifications and evolutionary models.

scholarly journals Enhanced Web Log Data Mining using Probability Density Based Fuzzy C Means Clustering

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 2933-2939
Keyword(s):  
World Wide ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Fcm Algorithm ◽  
Web Log ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World ◽  
Fuzzy C Means Clustering ◽  
Mass Group ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Right

The World Wide the net is very great place where things are stored and it is growing exponentially. It has in it sizeable amount of news given which is growing and bringing up to the current state quickly. Different organizations, institutes, government agencies and support centers bring up to the current state their news given regularly. The World Wide the net provides its services to the ranges of the net users. The net users may have different interests, needs and back knowledge. Clustering into groups is one of the most important tasks in the action-bound areas of the net record mining. It says without any doubt to grip the trouble of news given over-weight on the net while many users are connected on the meeting thing by which something is done. Clustering into groups is made use of for grouping news given into by comparison way in design for making discovery of person for whom one does work interest. There are two bad points of FCM algorithm, firstly the requirements of no. of clusters C and secondly giving to the first relation matrix. Because of, in relation to these two bad points the FCM algorithm is hard to come to a decision about the right no. of mass, group and this algorithm is unsafe. The strong decision of desirable first stage mass, group is an important hard question, therefore a new expert way called PDFCM algorithm is made, was moving in.

Taxonomic Synopsis of Eriosema (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae, Phaseoleae) in Brazil

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 416 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELISA SILVA CÂNDIDO ◽  
WANDERLEIA DE VARGAS ◽  
LUÍSA MARIA DE PAULA ALVES BEZERRA ◽  
VIDAL DE FREITAS MANSANO ◽  
MOHAMMAD VATANPARAST ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Work ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Savanna Vegetation ◽  
Tropical Environments ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Representative Species

Eriosema is a pantropical genus occurring mostly in savanna vegetation and grasslands of tropical environments, with approximately 150 species and two centers of diversity, one in Africa with about 110 species, and the other in the Neotropics with about 40 species. Considering the large number of Eriosema taxa in Brazil, including five recently described, and the lack of recent study that encompasses all species that occur in the country, a taxonomic synopsis of the Brazilian species of Eriosema was needed and is presented here. Herbaria collections, including type specimens, were consulted and field work was carried out in Brazil. Our study records 35 Eriosema species in Brazil, which concentrates most of the diversity of the genus in the Americas (85%; 35 out of 41 species). Most of this diversity occurs in the Central Brazilian savannas, particularly in the states of Goiás (29 taxa, eight endemic), and Minas Gerais (26 taxa, four endemic). Among all American species in the genus, Eriosema simplicifolium and E. crinitum have the broadest geographical distributions, and occur throughout Brazil and most part of the American continent. They form species complexes and future detailed studies will be necessary in order to understand taxon boundaries and delimitations. An identification key, taxon descriptions, information about type specimens as well as information on the habitat, phenological and geographical records, together with distribution maps, images of representative species in the field and the main morphological characters are provided to assist in the correct identification of this group of savanna plants. We also present 15 lectotypifications, out of which three are second-step.

Studies on graminicolous species of Phyllachora Nke. in Fckl. V. A taxonomic monograph

1967 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 271 ◽  
Author(s):  
DG Parbery
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Doubtful Species

This monograph describes the genus Phyllachora as it occurs on members of the Gramineae, discusses the reliability of criteria for delimiting species, and gives a taxonomic account of the Phyllachora species found on grasses. A world-wide survey of graminicolous Phyllachora specimens has led to the conclusion that of the 278 species and varieties named in the literature, only 95 are valid species and a further 21 are doubtful species. Of the 95 valid species, three (P. americana, P, longinaviculata, and P. microsperma) have been given new names, and five (P. bulbosa, P. koondrookensis, P. platyelliptica, P. polytocae, and P. rostellispora) are new species. Two species complexes are discussed. The P. fallax complex includes four species which, although fairly readily separated, have several features in common and may be better delimited in future as varieties. The P. shiraiana complex includes seven bambusicolous species, few of which have been seen by the author, and the published descriptions of which are closely similar. It is possible that six of these species are synonyms of P. shiraiana s. str. A key to graminicolous Phyllachora species and a guide to its uses are provided as well as a host index, including 135 grass genera, and an index to Phyllachora species, their synonyms, and doubtful species.

The Performance of Small Businesses in St. Petersburg: Data From a Questionnaire

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-322
Author(s):  
Alessandro Kihlgren
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Small Firm ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Domestic Market ◽  
Reliable Data ◽  
New Firms ◽  
Accurate Picture ◽  
The City

AbstractThe dearth of reliable data makes field work essential to gain a more accurate picture on small business in today's Russia.1 Interviewing representatives of organizations instead of individual entrepreneurs provides a more balanced picture, as entrepreneurs may be reluctant to divulge information about their firm. Although the firms these organizations work with are not fully representative of the small business population in St. Petersburg the results do not differ substantially from surveys previously conducted in the city. Therefore, these data can provide some useful insights on small business in St. Petersburg. Data collected suggest that new firms are mostly profitable and expanding production. The fact that half of the firms have as their main competitor another small firm testifies to the greater adaptability and flexibility of new firms compared with larger ones. The sales of these firms tend, however, to be concentrated in the domestic market with a negligible export component similarly to what was observed in surveys conducted in other parts of Russia. Keywords: small business, Russia, entrepreneurship, St. Petersburg

Exploring the generic delimitation of Phyllagathis and Bredia (Melastomataceae): A combined nuclear and chloroplast DNA analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiu‐Jie Zhou ◽  
Che‐Wei Lin ◽  
Jin‐Hong Dai ◽  
Ren‐Chao Zhou ◽  
Ying Liu
Keyword(s):  
Chloroplast Dna ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Generic Delimitation

scholarly journals Annotated bibliography of the subclass Archosauria (Class : Reptilia) : Jan 1960 - Dec 1984

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
John R. Lavas
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Scientific Collaboration ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Annotated Bibliography ◽  
Gobi Desert ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
The Us ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Eastern Central Asia

<p>The subclass Archosauria includes some of the most successful vertebrates to have evolved. Although traditionally viewed as 'cold-blooded' (= ectothermic) and therefore evolutionarily inferior to 'warm-blooded' (= endothermic) mammals and birds, data collected since the 1960s has resulted in significant re-evaluations and a complete reassessment of archosaur evolution, taxonomy, and inferred physiology and behaviour. Much of the relevant data emanates from the results of post WWII field work conducted in eastern Central Asia (particularly the Gobi Desert) by Russian, Polish and Mongolian palaeontologists. However, due to political, cultural and/or other reasons, there remained little scientific collaboration between them and western (particularly US) scientists until very recently. As a consequence, there developed a dichotomy in this field of archosaur research, not only between east and west, but also between Europe and the US. This thesis reviews the literature on archosaurs published world-wide from Jan 1960 - Dec 1984, with the emphasis on the important Central Asian/Gobi contributions, in order to evaluate the academic discussions that have arisen regarding archosaur evolution, physiology, behaviour, their relationship to the Aves, and the evolution of avian endothermy and flight.</p>

scholarly journals The Usage of the Johnson-Cook Constitutive Model in the Finite Element Analysis of the Caulking Process

2019 ◽  
Vol 290 ◽  
pp. 03013
Author(s):  
Claudiu Rodean ◽  
Livia-Dana Beju ◽  
Gabriela Rusu ◽  
Mihai Popp
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Plastic Deformations ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Deformation Models

The present paper highlights the importance of generating a model for analysing the caulking process. The caulking operation is a fast, cost-efficient, cost-effective way of assembling, which is currently less studied in world-wide papers. The operation is at the border between plastic deformation and cutting process. It is therefore necessary to create a model to describe the process. In the paper are presented the main examples of applications, the main parameters that characterize the process, the current state of the cutting and plastic deformation models. After the analysis we concluded that the most valuable model for describing plastic deformations is the Johnson-Cook model. This information is the basis for developing a model for describing the caulking process.

On Infrastructures for Educational Online Laboratories

2012 ◽  
pp. 229-253
Author(s):  
Sven K. Esche ◽  
Constantin Chassapis
Keyword(s):  
World Wide ◽  
Virtual Organization ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Current State ◽  
Online Laboratory ◽  
Online Laboratories ◽  
The World ◽  
Science Curricula

This book chapter focuses on online laboratories for educational use, with special emphasis on experiments suitable for engineering and science curricula at the undergraduate level. It starts with a brief review of the early history and current state of the art of online experiments and a discussion of the benefits of existing online laboratory systems. Then, their shortcomings and limitations are critically examined, followed by some thoughts on a possible framework for better leveraging the world-wide development efforts by creating a virtual organization for online laboratories. Finally, some issues related to the efficient management and global sharing of online laboratory resources are raised and a series of cybersecurity problems arising in the context of commercial transactions between educational institutions are described.

Toward a Stable Tokenized Medium of Exchange

Cryptoassets ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 89-116
Author(s):  
Alexander Lipton
Keyword(s):  
Financial Stability ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Internet Protocol ◽  
Dynamic Stabilization ◽  
First Century ◽  
Payment Systems ◽  
Transition Control ◽  
Current State ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Twenty First Century

This chapter discusses the current state of the crypto land and argues that stable crypto tokens, which can be viewed as an electronic analogue of cash, can help augment the existing TCP/IP (Transition Control Protocal/Internet Protocol) with a much-needed mechanism in order to bring existing banking and payment systems into the twenty-first century. It describes three existing approaches to designing such tokens—fiat collateralization, cryptocurrency collateralization, and dynamic stabilization—and concludes that only regulatorily compliant fiat-backed tokens are viable in the long run. It also discusses asset-backed cryptocurrencies and argues that in some instances they can provide a much-needed counterpoint for today's fiat currencies, and pave a way forward toward ensuring world-wide financial stability and inclusion.

Culture and architecture in turmoil: reflections on home architecture in contemporary Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Aumran Lattif Al-Thahab
Keyword(s):  
Public Image ◽  
Architectural Drawings ◽  
Cultural Shift ◽  
Architectural Form ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Current State ◽  
Accurate Picture ◽  
Direct And Indirect Impacts ◽  
Indirect Impacts ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This paper aims to expose the direct and indirect impacts of changing culture and society principles on the built environment, architectural scene and practice. Studying culture-architecture forceful formula in present-day Iraq, as not previously discussed, reveals how cultural shift affects the public image of architectural form, uses and activity system, thus how latter issues highlight or predict society deterioration or collapse. Design/methodology/approach Comparing and analysing past and contemporary works, highlighting strange values emerged later, personal survey and observing house forms, in-depth interviews, photos and architectural drawings are a set of methodological tools used in approaching research main objective. Findings Findings include two mutual systematic approaches. The first is to define, acknowledge and understand previous criteria, while the second is to disclose responsible authorities and institutions and their role in addition to necessary procedures to correct or minimize the impact of various changes on the contemporary architectural situation. Originality/value Contemporary Iraqi society and culture have been dealt with as distorted and destructive, where various unacceptable values describe its current image compared to the noble form of the inherited. As a true expression and a visible manifestation of culture with which it interacts, degraded architecture and urbanism in contemporary Iraq provide an accurate picture of the current state of society, its values, principles and beliefs.

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