scholarly journals Infrageneric treatment of Phalaris (Canary grasses, Poaceae) based on molecular phylogenetics and floret structure

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie M. Voshell ◽  
Riccardo M. Baldini ◽  
Khidir W. Hilu
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Niche ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetics ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Taxonomic Classification ◽  
Infrageneric Classification ◽  
Polyploid Evolution ◽  
Niche Expansion ◽  
The World ◽  
Forage Species ◽  
Nuclear Its

Phalaris L. (Poaceae, canary grasses) is a genus of 20 species found throughout the world with endemic, cosmopolitan, invasive and forage species. A variety of features in the genus underscore its importance for the study of polyploid evolution in relation to biodiversity, ecological niche expansion or contraction, endemism, and invasiveness. A formal and comprehensive infrageneric classification for Phalaris is lacking. This study utilises molecular phylogenetics (nuclear ITS and plastid trnT–F regions), morphological features (primarily floret structure) and chromosome cytology to present the first comprehensive taxonomic classification for the genus. Two subgenera (Phalaris and Phalaroides) and five sections (Phalaris, Phalaroides, Caroliniana, Bulbophalaris, Heterachne) are established here to accommodate the 20 Phalaris species. Keys to the subgenera and sections, morphological descriptions, and a list of synonymy are provided.

Paepalanthus fabianeae (Eriocaulaceae): A New Microendemic Species from a Morphologically Coherent Clade

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 794-801
Author(s):  
Caroline Oliveira Andrino ◽  
Marcelo Fragomeni Simon ◽  
Jair Eustáquio Quintino Faria ◽  
André Luiz da Costa Moreira ◽  
Paulo Takeo Sano
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Infrageneric Classification ◽  
Espinhaço Range ◽  
Nuclear Its ◽  
Two Populations

Abstract—We describe and illustrate Paepalanthus fabianeae, a new species of Eriocaulaceae from the central portion of the Espinhaço Range in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Previous phylogenetic evidence based on analyses of nuclear (ITS and ETS) and plastid (trnL-trnF and psba-trnH) sequences revealed P. fabianeae as belonging to a strongly supported and morphologically coherent clade containing five other species, all of them microendemic, restricted to the Espinhaço range. Due to the infrageneric classification of Paepalanthus being highly artificial, we preferred not assigning P. fabianeae to any infrageneric group. Paepalanthus fabianeae is known from two populations growing in campos rupestres (highland rocky fields) in the meridional Espinhaço Range. The species is characterized by pseudodichotomously branched stems, small, linear, recurved, and reflexed leaves, urceolate capitula, and bifid stigmas. Illustrations, photos, the phylogenetic position, and a detailed description, as well as comments on habitat, morphology, and affinities with similar species are provided. The restricted area of occurrence allied with threats to the quality of the habitat, mainly due to quartzite mining, justifies the preliminary classification of the new species in the Critically Endangered (CR) category using the guidelines and criteria of the IUCN Red List.

Molecular phylogenetics of the Onobrychis genus (Fabaceae: Papilionoideae) using ITS and trnL–trnF DNA sequence data

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Safaei Chaei Kar ◽  
F. Ghanavati ◽  
M. R. Naghavi ◽  
H. Amirabadi-zade ◽  
R. Rabiee
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetics ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Group I ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Nuclear Its ◽  
Cultivated Species ◽  
Relationship Of

Onobrychis, comprising more than 130 species, is a genus of the family Fabaceae. At this time, the interspecies relationship of this biologically important genus is still a subject of great discussion and debate. To help resolve this disagreement, we used molecular phylogeny to analyse internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and trnL–trnF sequences of 76 species of Onobrychis. Bayesian interference, maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses of nuclear ITS and plastid trnL–trnF DNA sequence data generated trees with strong posterior probability for two groups: Onobrychis subgen. Sisyrosema (including: Heliobrychis, Hymenobrychis, Afghanicae and Anthyllium sections) along with Laxiflorae section in Group I and Onobrychis subgen. Onobrychis (except Laxiflorae section) in the other (Group II). The Laxiflorae section roots back to the ancestral node for Sisyrosema subgen. O. viciifolia (cultivated species), which is closely associated with O. cyri var. cyri, suggesting that the latter may be a wild progenitor of O. viciifolia. The present study supported the paraphyly of subgenera Onobrychis and Sisyrosema. The study proposed the paraphyletic nature of the sections Onobrychis, Dendrobrychis, Heliobrychis and Hymenobrychis. Together with our molecular phylogenetic analyses we present a review of Onobrychis morphology and discuss and compare our results with those of earlier morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses.

Five new cave-dwelling species of Hemirrhagus Simon 1903 (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Theraphosinae), with notes on the generic distribution and novel morphological features

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4407 (4) ◽  
pp. 451 ◽  
Author(s):  
JORGE I. MENDOZA ◽  
OSCAR F. FRANCKE
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Features ◽  
Unusual Behavior ◽  
The World ◽  
Eye Pigmentation ◽  
First Time ◽  
Generic Distribution

The suborder Mygalomorphae is generally poorly represented in the cave faunas of the world. The genus Hemirrhagus is endemic to Mexico and has 22 described species. It is the only one with epigean, troglophile and troglobitic species. Lack of urticating setae, loss of eye pigmentation and ocular reduction are interpreted as evolutionary reversals related to their troglobitic habits. From five troglobitic species in the genus, only the male of Hemirrhagus stygius is known. Five new troglobitic species are described with both sexes: Hemirrhagus akheronteus sp. nov., Hemirrhagus billsteelei sp. nov., Hemirrhaugus diablo sp. nov., Hemirrhagus kalebi sp. nov. and Hemirrhagus sprousei sp. nov. The female of Hemirrhagus chilango is described for the first time. Hemirrhagus akheronteus sp. nov. has a group of spinose setae on the opisthosoma; this setal modification was never reported in any other theraphosid spiders. Females of Hemirrhagus kalebi sp. nov. and Hemirrhagus sprousei sp. nov. lay fixed hammock egg sacs, which is an unusual behavior among species in Theraphosinae. Two stridulating setae previously reported only in epigean species are present on some of the new troglobites. 

scholarly journals Evidence of ecological niche shift in Rhododendron ponticum (L.) in Britain: Hybridization as a possible cause of rapid niche expansion

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 2040-2050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Amir Manzoor ◽  
Geoffrey Griffiths ◽  
Maxwell C. Obiakara ◽  
Citlalli Edith Esparza‐Estrada ◽  
Martin Lukac
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Niche ◽  
Niche Shift ◽  
Niche Expansion ◽  
Rhododendron Ponticum ◽  
Possible Cause

Molecular phylogenetics and evolution of generic diagnostic morphological features in the doryctine wasp tribe Rhaconotini (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 279 ◽  
pp. 164-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jovana M. Jasso-Martínez ◽  
Sergey A. Belokobylskij ◽  
Alejandro Zaldívar-Riverón
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Phylogenetics ◽  
Morphological Features

scholarly journals An updated infrageneric classification of the oaks: review of previous taxonomic schemes and synthesis of evolutionary patterns

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Denk ◽  
Guido W. Grimm ◽  
Paul S. Manos ◽  
Min Deng ◽  
Andrew Hipp
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Phylogenetics ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Evolutionary Patterns ◽  
Traditional Concept ◽  
Infrageneric Classification ◽  
Systematic Scheme ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
History Of ◽  
Phylogenetic Lineages

In this paper, we review major classification schemes proposed for oaks by John Claudius Loudon, Anders Sandøe Ørsted, William Trelease, Otto Karl Anton Schwarz, Aimée Antoinette Camus, Yuri Leonárdovich Menitsky, and Kevin C. Nixon. Classifications of oaks (Fig. 1) have thus far been based entirely on morphological characters. They differed profoundly from each other because each taxonomist gave a different weight to distinguishing characters; often characters that are homoplastic in oaks. With the advent of molecular phylogenetics our view has considerably changed. One of the most profound changes has been the realisation that the traditional split between the East Asian subtropical to tropical subgenus Cyclobalanopsis and the subgenus Quercus that includes all other oaks is artificial. The traditional concept has been replaced by that of two major clades, each comprising three infrageneric groups: a Palearctic-Indomalayan clade including Group Ilex (Ilex oaks), Group Cerris (Cerris oaks) and Group Cyclobalanopsis (cycle-cup oaks), and a predominantly Nearctic clade including Group Protobalanus (intermediate or golden cup oaks), Group Lobatae (red oaks) and Group Quercus (white oaks, with most species in America and some 30 species in Eurasia). The main morphological feature characterising these phylogenetic lineages is pollen morphology, a character overlooked in traditional classifications. This realisation, along with the now available (molecular-)phylogenetic framework, opens new avenues for biogeographic, ecological and evolutionary studies and a re-appraisal of the fossil record. We provide an overview about recent advances in these fields and outline how the results of these studies contribute to the establishment of a unifying systematic scheme of oaks. Ultimately, we propose an updated classification of Quercus recognising two subgenera with eight sections. This classification considers morphological traits, molecular-phylogenetic relationships, and the evolutionary history of one of the most important temperate woody plant genera.

scholarly journals First record of Octopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) (Octopodidae) in the Iraqi coastal waters, NW Arabian Gulf

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1048-1051
Author(s):  
Anwar M.J. Al-Maliky ◽  
Khaled Kh. Al-Khafaji ◽  
Tariq H. Al-Maliky
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Persian Gulf ◽  
Arabian Gulf ◽  
First Record ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
The Other ◽  
Octopus Vulgaris ◽  
The World ◽  
First Time

The present study identifies one species of the genus Octopus in the order: Octopoda (Cephalopoda: Mollusca), recorded forthe first time in the Iraqi coastal waters and Arabian-Persian Gulf. The study extended from January 2019 to December of thesame year. The Octopus specimens were seasonally obtained from the fishing trawlers operating in the Iraqi coastal waters inthe South of Al- Fao District, Basrah- Iraq, NW Arabian Gulf. The Octopus was identified as O. vulgaris in Iraqi coastal watersdepending on morphological features. The habitats of living specimens are briefly described. Some observations were reported on the occurrence of this species and the measurement of some environmental factors. The species was identified up to spe-cies level using standard literature. This species looks similar morphologically to the species which is already identified from the other areas around the world. The present study records significant expansion in the distribution range of this species.

scholarly journals The world species of Balcha Walker (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae), parasitoids of wood-boring beetles

Zootaxa ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 1033 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
GARY A.P. GIBSON
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
World Species ◽  
The World ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Wood Boring ◽  
Accidental Introduction

The world species of Balcha Walker (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae) are revised, keyed and illustrated. Sixteen species are recognized, including two that are newly classified in the genus, B. reticulata(Nikol’skaya) n. comb. and B. splendida (Girault) n. comb., and eight that are described as new, B. camptogastra n. sp., B. dictyota n. sp., B. enoptra n. sp., B. eximiassita n. sp., B. laciniosa n. sp., B. punctiscutum n. sp., B. reburra n. sp., and B. reticulifrons n. sp. Evidence for the monophyly of Balcha is discussed and the 16 species are segregated into four species groups based on morphological features. Balcha indica (Mani & Kaul) is newly recorded from the eastern United States (Maryland, Michigan, Virginia) as an accidental introduction from the Oriental region and as an adventitious parasitoid of the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae).

scholarly journals Monograph of Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the World: An introduction to the systematics and biology of the genus

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 3110 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN S. LAPOLLA ◽  
SEÁN G. BRADY ◽  
STEVEN O. SHATTUCK
Keyword(s):  
Species Level ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Global Context ◽  
The World

This paper serves as an introduction to a world monographic series addressing the species-level taxonomy of the ant genus Nylanderia. This series will consist of several regionally based taxonomic revisions. The systematics and biology of Nylanderia are discussed in a global context, and a diagnosis of the genus is given. Several morphological features, which are considered putative synapomorphies for the genus, are provided. Morphological descriptions of all three castes (workers, queens, and males) are provided and discussed.

The genus Caenocrepis Thomson (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) in the Afrotropical region, with a key to world species

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3557 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
MIRCEA-DAN MITROIU
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Palaearctic Species ◽  
World Species ◽  
Afrotropical Region ◽  
The World ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
First Time

Caenocrepis Thomson (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) is recorded for the first time in the Afrotropical region and two species, C. simonae sp. nov. and C. formidolosa sp. nov., are newly described from Mozambique and Zimbabwe. A key to the world species of the genus is provided. The two new species show some interesting morphological features such as enlarged clypeal lobes and unusually wide temples, which are not present in any Palaearctic species.

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