Floral ontogeny in Wisteria sinensis (Fabaceae: Faboideae: Millettieae) and its systematic implications

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somayeh Naghiloo ◽  
Mohammad Reza Dadpour
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Side ◽  
Late Development ◽  
Floral Ontogeny ◽  
Floral Organogenesis ◽  
The Family ◽  
Wisteria Sinensis ◽  
Perennial Legume ◽  
Microscopy Techniques ◽  
Developmental Features ◽  
Temporal Overlap

Floral organogenesis and development of the bushy perennial legume Wisteria sinensis (Millettieae, Fabaceae) were studied by epi-illumination light-microscopy techniques. Zygomorphic flowers of W. sinensis were arranged in alternating pentamerous whorls. The order of organogenesis in each whorl was unidirectional, except for the outer antesepalous stamens, which were initiated bidirectionally, starting on the lateral side. Unusual developmental features for the family included the formation of common primordia, comprised of the petal and the corresponding abaxial antepetalous stamen and the temporal overlap of corolla, androecium and carpel organ initiation. Unusual features during late development included formation of nectar windows and a wet stigma. The floral ontogeny of W. sinensis was more similar to that of other genera from the inverted-repeat-lacking clade (IRLC) than to the floral ontogeny of other Millettieae that have been investigated.

Floral organogenesis in Dysosma versipellis (Berberidaceae) and its systematic implications

Botany ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 359-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Zhao ◽  
Julien B. Bachelier ◽  
Xiao-hui Zhang ◽  
Yi Ren
Keyword(s):  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Floral Organogenesis ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Sister Clade ◽  
Dysosma Versipellis ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Common ◽  
Flower Ontogeny ◽  
Developmental Features

The Berberidaceae and the six other families of Ranunculales form a sister clade to all other eudicots, and are crucial to reconstructing the common ancestor of flowering plants. Previous studies have suggested that the petals of most Berberidaceae are derived from stamens, and some are thought to develop petals from common petal/stamen primordia. However, the flower ontogeny is still poorly known in the family and the presence of common primordia needs to be re-evaluated from a comparative developmental perspective. Here, we used scanning electron microscopy to study the floral development of the endemic Chinese species Dysosma versipellis (Hance) M. Cheng ex Ying, which was originally placed in Podophyllum. Our results show that the floral organs are all free and the sepals, petals, and stamens are initiated centripetally in successive and alternate trimerous pairs of whorls around a single carpel. The nectarless petals are initiated separately and do not develop from common primordia with the stamens. Floral and developmental features of D. versipellis are similar to those of most members of Berberidaceae. The regular development of multiple flowers and absence of a secondary increase in the number of stamens in Dysosma support its exclusion from Podophyllum, and this is also inferred by the DNA sequence data.

scholarly journals Leaf morphoanatomy of an endemic massaranduba from Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monick Lima Carvalho ◽  
Cláudia Elena Carneiro
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Vegetative State ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Leaf Architecture ◽  
Chapada Diamantina ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
The Family ◽  
Microscopy Techniques

Abstract: The Sapotaceae family is recognized for its economic importance, presenting food, medicinal and timber potential. Pouteria andarahiensis T.D.Penn., popularly known as "massaranduba", is endemic to Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil, and is currently classified on the IUCN red list as "endangered". Pouteria andarahiensis is little studied, highlighting this work as the first anatomical study for the species. Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy techniques were used to perform anatomical studies. The species showed characters shared with the family (laticifers and malpiguiaceous trichomes), as well as diagnostic characters and associated with xeromorphy. The data obtained from the leaf architecture can assist in the identification of the species in a vegetative state, while the leaf surface provided unpublished data to the species, indicating the presence of a cuticle with complex ornamentation. Stand out as xeromorphic anatomical features, high stomatal density, high number of trichomes per area, sclerenchymatic columns in the mesophyll and a subepidermal sclerenchyma layer connecting the vascular bundles in the mesophyll.

Inflorescence and floral ontogeny in Osteospermum ecklonis (Asteraceae)

Botany ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (9) ◽  
pp. 605-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Dadpour ◽  
Somayeh Naghiloo ◽  
Gholamreza Gohari
Keyword(s):  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Plant Evolution ◽  
Adaxial Side ◽  
Evolution And Development ◽  
Floral Apex ◽  
The Family ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Ray Florets ◽  
Developmental Features

Development of the capitulum inflorescence with different types of florets in Asteraceae is an interesting issue in the field of plant evolution and development. In this study, ontogeny of the inflorescence and florets of Osteospermum ecklonis (DC.) Norl., an ornamental and evergreen subshrub, was investigated using epi-illumination light microscopy. The initiation and subsequent development of florets on the highly convex inflorescence apex occurred acropetally, except for the ray florets, which showed a lag in initiation. Organogenesis in disc florets started with unidirectional initiation of corolla lobes from the adaxial side and then proceeded by simultaneous appearance of five stamen and finally two median carpel primordia. Significant developmental features included the lack of pappus differentiation, formation of nonsyngenesious stamens, and formation of the ovule-less ovary. Ray florets showed significant differences from disc florets as reflected by the zygomorphic shape of floral apex and shift of floral merosithy from pentamery to tetramery. Also, expansion of corolla lobes to form the ligule and the formation of staminodia were observed. It is hypothesized that the actinomorphic pentamerous disc florets are most primitive among the family from which the tetramerous ray florets are derived. Accordingly, ray florets evolved from disc florets under long-term selective pressure and play a crucial role in enhancing reproductive success.

Floral Ontogeny ofTelipogonspp. (Orchidaceae) and Insights on the Perianth Symmetry in the Family

2008 ◽  
Vol 169 (9) ◽  
pp. 1159-1173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Pabón‐Mora ◽  
Favio González
Keyword(s):  
Floral Ontogeny ◽  
The Family

scholarly journals Svenzea, a new genus of Dictyonellidae (Porifera: Demospongiae) from tropical reef environments, with description of two new species

2002 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 171-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belinda Alvarez ◽  
Rob W.M. van Soest ◽  
Klaus Rützler
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Caribbean Sea ◽  
Taxonomic Position ◽  
The Family ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Reef Environments ◽  
Tropical Reef ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Developmental Features

The new genus Svenzea is created to group three sponge species from tropical reef environments of the Caribbean Sea and Indonesia: Pseudaxinella (?) zeai Alvarez, Van Soest & Rützler, Svenzea cristinae n. sp. and S. devoogdae n. sp. The genus shows affinities with members of both Halichondrida and Haplosclerida but it is assigned to the family Dictyonellidae based on shared microanatomical and developmental features. The higher taxonomic position of Svenzea is a subject for future investigations.

scholarly journals Interactions between carpenter bees and orchid bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in flowers of Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl. (Lecythidaceae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Fernando dos Santos ◽  
Maria Lúcia Absy
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Interactions ◽  
Solitary Bee ◽  
Brazil Nut ◽  
Bertholletia Excelsa ◽  
Carpenter Bees ◽  
The Family ◽  
Central Amazonia ◽  
Floral Resource ◽  
Antagonistic Interactions ◽  
Temporal Overlap

Competition between two species of bees for the same type of floral resource may generate antagonistic behavior between them, especially in cultivated areas where food resources are limited, seasonally and locally. In this study, was tested the hypothesis of antagonism between two solitary bee species of the family Apidae, Eulaema mocsaryi (Euglossini) and Xylocopa frontalis (Xylocopini), visiting the Brazil nut flowers (Bertholletia excelsa: Lecythidaceae) in a central Amazonia agricultural area. The visitation time was analyzed to detect the possible temporal overlap in the foraging of these bees. Furthermore, was analyzed their interspecific interactions for manipulating flower species visited by an opponent species, as well as attempts to attack this opponent. The individuals of Xylocopa frontalis visited the Brazil nut flowers before Eulaema mocsaryi, although the peak visitation of both did not presented significant differences. Neither of the species manipulated flowers recently visited by opponent species, and there were practically no antagonistic interactions between them. Thus, X. frontalis and E. mocsaryi shared the same food source in the flowers of B. excelsa due to differences in their time of visits and non-aggressive way of interacting with the opponent. This result has important implications for pollinating the Brazil nut, and a possible management of X. frontalis and E. mocsaryi, since these two were the most abundant pollinators in the studied locality.

Anatomy, histochemistry and phytochemical profile of leaf and stem bark of Bathysa cuspidata (Rubiaceae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Peçanha de Miranda Coelho ◽  
João Paulo Viana Leite ◽  
Líria Granato Nunes ◽  
Marília Contin Ventrella
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
The Family ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
Phytochemical Profile ◽  
Microscopy Techniques ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Bathysa cuspidata (A. St. Hil.) Hook. f. ex K. Schum. is a species native to the Atlantic Rainforest of Brazil, with stem bark currently used in folk medicine. Uncontrolled bark collections cause problems of environmental sustainability, making it necessary to evaluate more abundant and renewable new sources of raw plant material, such as leaves. This work evaluated the anatomy, histochemistry and phytochemistry of leaves and stem bark of B. cuspidata, aiming to find similarities in the chemical composition between these plant parts and to provide anatomical data to supplement the quality control of this plant drug. Common light and scanning electron microscopy techniques were used in the anatomical and histochemical studies. Thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography were used for the phytochemistry analysis. The concentration of total phenolics was determined using the Folin–Ciocalteau method and the contents of proanthocyanidins using the vanillin reagent. The leaves and bark of B. cuspidata display morphoanatomical characters common to the family Rubiaceae. The histochemical and phytochemical results reveal similarities and differences between the leaves and bark of B. cuspidata, suggesting that the extracts of both parts should be considered and subjected to pharmacological studies in order to investigate the effectiveness of the therapeutic actions reported in folk medicine.

scholarly journals The wasp larva's last supper: 100 million years of evolutionary stasis in the larval development of rhopalosomatid wasps (Hymenoptera: Rhopalosomatidae)

Fossil Record ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volker Lohrmann ◽  
Michael S. Engel
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
First Record ◽  
Lateral Side ◽  
Host Association ◽  
Natural Position ◽  
Last Supper ◽  
Modern Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Evolutionary Stasis

Abstract. Rhopalosomatidae are an unusual family of wasps (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) comprising less than 100 species found in the tropics and subtropics of all continents except Europe and Antarctica. Whereas some species resemble nocturnal Ichneumonidae, others might be mistaken for spider wasps or different groups of brachypterous Hymenoptera. Despite their varied morphology, all members of the family supposedly develop as larval ectoparasitoids of crickets (Orthoptera: Grylloidea). Here, we report on the first record of a fossil rhopalosomatid larva which was discovered in mid-Cretaceous amber from northern Myanmar (Burma). The larva is attached to the lateral side of a cricket between the metafemur and the abdomen, impacting the natural position of the hind leg, exactly as documented for modern species. Additionally, the larval gestalt is strikingly similar to those of extant forms. These observations imply that this behavioral specialization, e.g., host association and positioning on host, likely evolved in the stem of the family at least 100 million years ago.

Comparative floral ontogeny in Adesmia (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae: Dalbergieae)

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Cecília de Chiara Moço ◽  
Jorge Ernesto de Araujo Mariath
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Floral Meristem ◽  
Abaxial Side ◽  
Floral Ontogeny ◽  
Floral Organogenesis ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Brazilian Species ◽  
First Time ◽  
Scanning Electron

Floral organogenesis of six Brazilian species of Adesmia DC. was studied by scanning electron microscopy. Considering the number of species, this is the most comprehensive organogenetic study of a genus conducted. A unidirectional sepal formation from the adaxial towards the abaxial side of the floral meristem is shown for the first time in the subfamily Papilionoideae. This pattern was found in all studied taxa except for A. latifolia in which the five sepal primordia are formed simultaneously. The present study suggests that the ontogenetic floral differences among Adesmia species may be useful in a re-evaluation of infrageneric categories and for future systematic analyses.

scholarly journals The Use of Environmental Approach in the Work with Children with ASD

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 12-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Yaremchuk
Keyword(s):  
Children With Autism ◽  
Adaptive Strategies ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Full Disclosure ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
The Family ◽  
Gradual Development ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Developmental Features

The insufficient development of adaptive strategies often hinders the reduction of stress, worsens the condition of the child and the family. Therefore, it is important to create special conditions for children that contribute to the gradual development of new situations, especially for children with autism spectrum disorders that have adaptation difficulties due to their developmental features. Professionals of the Center for Curative Pedagogy in Moscow build their work based on an environmental approach, which implies the formation of individual conditions for each child, aimed at mastering more and more new situations offered to the child and family by society. The article reveals the concept of the environment as a set of relations of a child with its surrounding reality: object and social. The types of environment are distinguished: comfortable, developing, stressful. The importance of creating a developmental environment for the full disclosure of the potential of the child is emphasized. Characteristics of various environments are given: spatio-temporal, emotional, semantic, which are individually selected for sessions with a child, depending on the tasks assigned to the work. The examples illustrating the work in line with the environmental approach are considered.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document