Rhytismatales of Australia: the genus Marthamyces

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter R. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Species ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
As Species

Six species of Marthamyces are reported for Australia. Three of the species are described as new, the others had previously been reported from Australia as species in the genera Propolis and Naemacyclus. Most of the Australian species are host-specialised: M. emarginatus is known only from Eucalyptus, M. gilvus from Cyperaceae, M. hakeae from Hakea, and M. oritis from Orites. Marthamyces barbatus, common on Eucalyptus, is known also from a single collection on Richea. Marthamyces quadrifida, although known from only a few Australian collections, is a widespread tropical species and is likely to be common on a range of hosts in northern Australia. All species are described and illustrated, and a key to the Australian Marthamyces species is provided.

The Australian species of Diaptomus (Copepoda: Calanoida) and their distribution

1966 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 123 ◽  
Author(s):  
IAE Bayly
Keyword(s):  
Northern Australia ◽  
Northern Limit ◽  
Southern Limit ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
New Localities

The species Diaptomus (Eodiaptomus) lumholtzi Sars and D. (Tropodiaptomus) australis (Kiefer) are redescribed and figured. Both species are recorded from numerous new localities in northern Australia. The southern limit of distribution of D. lumholtzi is discussed in relation to the northern limit of Boeckella. A single example of the coexistence of D. lumholtzi with Boeckella triarticulata, and three examples of coexistence of D. lumholtzi with Calamoecia are cited.

Systematics of the Australian species of Dictyopteris (Dictyotales, Phaeophyceae)

2000 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 283 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Cell Layer ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Cortical Layer ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
Species Discrimination ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Reproductive Characters

Eleven species of Dictyopteris are recognised for Australia. The tropical species D. australis (Sonder) Askenasy, D. deliculata Lamouroux, D. plagiogramma (Montagne) Vickers, D. repens (Okamura) Børgesen, D. serrata (Areschoug) Hoyt and D. woodwardia (R.Brown ex Turner) C.Agardh are recorded for warmer coasts, although isolated populations of D. australis occur in the Gulfs region of South Australia. Dictyopteris acrostichoides (J.Agardh) Bornet and D. crassinervia (Zanardini) Schmidt are endemic to eastern Australia, with D. acrostichoides also extending to the eastern end of the southern coast. Dictyopteris gracilis Womersley and D. muelleri (Sonder) Reinbold occur on temperate southwestern and southern coasts. The west coast species Dictyopteris secundispiralis J.A.Phillips sp. nov. is described, and D. nigricans Womersley is reduced to a taxonomic synonym ofD. muelleri. Detailed comparative studies undertaken on these species have identified several new taxonomically-informative characters useful for generic circumscription and species discrimination. Thallus branches which have a cortical layer composed of large cuboidal cells and reproductive organs scattered in fertile zones are additional characters which characterise the genus. Australian species of Dictyopteris are now well defined by differences in several distinctive vegetative and reproductive characters such as thallus morphology, blade cell layer number, structure of the thallus apex, presence of marginal teeth and lateral veins, distribution and structure of hair bundles, sporangia, oogonia and antheridial sori.

scholarly journals A treatment for Polygala of northern Australia

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raelee A. Kerrigan
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Introduced Species ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Taxonomic Treatment ◽  
Southern States ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
New Varieties

A taxonomic treatment is presented for all Polygala L. species of northern Australia (north of 26°S). In total, 45 species are treated, of which 44 are native and 36 are endemic to Australia. Twenty-six new species and four new varieties are described. A key to all 50 Australian species is provided, including six introduced species (five of which are restricted to southern states of Australia and are not treated here in detail). Lectotypes are here designated for five names. Nomenclatural issues regarding P. linariifolia Willd., P. glaucoides L. and P. triflora L. are discussed.

scholarly journals A survey of lifespans in Oribatida excluding Astigmata (Acari)

Zoosymposia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
TOBIAS PFINGSTL ◽  
HEINRICH SCHATZ
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
As Species ◽  
Faster Development ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Change Of Life

This contribution provides an update on the duration of life cycles and lifespans of oribatid mites based on a literature review. The total lifespan is the sum of the immature developmental time (egg to adult) and the longevity of the adult. Most investigations were carried out in the laboratory, few were performed in the field, under field conditions and/or compared with field data. Many life cycles were investigated under different environmental influences. The life cycles of 144 oribatid species are listed. Compared with the total number of known oribatid species, this number is very low. Data for the total lifespan are given for 52 species, either from observations in the laboratory or estimated in comparison with field studies, but can only be guesses of the real lifespan. The typical lifespan of an oribatid species in temperate or boreal regions lasts between 1 and 2 years, rarely 3 years. The few investigated tropical species from laboratory experiments show generally faster development and shorter lifespans as species from temperate regions; no field studies have been carried out in the tropics yet. Long lifespan periods of 5 to 8 years are particularly characteristic of species in polar regions and in mountainous temperate regions. Some examples of species with different longevity in distinct climate regions, very long lifespans and change of life parameters under stressful laboratory conditions are presented.

scholarly journals New Laonice species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from western and northern Australia

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2903 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELIZABETH GREAVES ◽  
KARIN MEIßNER ◽  
ROBIN WILSON
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Continental Shelf ◽  
Continental Margin ◽  
Marine Invertebrate ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Morphological Similarity ◽  
Invertebrate Fauna ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Australian Species

Species belonging to the genus Laonice (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from continental shelf and slope depths off western and northern Australia are described. Three species are new to science (L. lemniscata, L. insolita, L. pectinata), two additional species of uncertain identity are recognised from incomplete material and are similar to existing species. A key is provided to allow identification of all six Laonice species known from Australia. Also, a new standard for the observation of hooded hooks in Laonice is established. One of the Australian species, L. quadridentata, belongs to a group of Laonice species with fused prostomium and peristomium. These species are of great morphological similarity and several are reported to exhibit ontogenetic and individual variability and we discuss the significant taxonomic problems that are a consequence of that variability. The faunas of the continental margin of western and northern Australia were poorly sampled prior to the extensive surveys that generated our study material; this study and other current work suggests that our present estimates of species richness of the Australian marine invertebrate fauna significantly underestimate species richness, perhaps by as much as 50%.

Herons, Egrets and Bitterns

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil McKilligan
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Present Status ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The Family ◽  
Southern Half

This is the first book to deal exclusively with the Australian members of the Family Ardeidae (herons, egrets and bitterns). It gives a comprehensive, easy-to-read account of their origins, classification and biology, and explains the features that distinguish them from other birds. The book devotes a major chapter to the 14 Australian species, covering their distribution and movements, feeding, breeding, population dynamics and conservation. Some of Australia’s herons have become very scarce in the southern half of the continent and are at risk of national or local extinction. In northern Australia heron habitats and resources are largely pristine and consequently this region accommodates large numbers of certain species. A final chapter on population and conservation provides a useful summary of the present status of the Australian herons, some of whom are thriving and others who are in a very precarious position.

Phylogenetic connections of phyllodinous species of Acacia outside Australia are explained by geological history and human-mediated dispersal

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian K. Brown ◽  
Daniel J. Murphy ◽  
James Kidman ◽  
Pauline Y. Ladiges
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
East Asia ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Western Pacific ◽  
Disjunct Distribution ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Australian Species

Acacia sensu stricto is found predominantly in Australia; however, there are 18 phyllodinous taxa that occur naturally outside Australia, north from New Guinea to Indonesia, Taiwan, the Philippines, south-western Pacific (New Caledonia to Samoa), northern Pacific (Hawaii) and Indian Ocean (Mascarene Islands). Our aim was to determine the phylogenetic position of these species within Acacia, to infer their biogeographic history. To an existing molecular dataset of 109 taxa of Acacia, we added 51 new accessions sequenced for the ITS and ETS regions of nuclear rDNA, including samples from 15 extra-Australian taxa. Data were analysed using both maximum parsimony and Bayesian methods. The phylogenetic positions of the extra-Australian taxa sampled revealed four geographic connections. Connection A, i.e. northern Australia?South-east Asia?south-western Pacific, is shown by an early diverging clade in section Plurinerves, which relates A. confusa from Taiwan and the Philippines (possibly Fiji) to A. simplex from Fiji and Samoa. That clade is related to A. simsii from southern New Guinea and northern Australia and other northern Australian species. Two related clades in section Juliflorae show a repeated connection (B), i.e. northern Australia?southern New Guinea?south-western Pacific. One of these is the ?A. auriculiformis clade', which includes A. spirorbis subsp. spirorbis from New Caledonia and the Loyalty Islands as sister to the Queensland species A. auriculiformis; related taxa include A. mangium, A. leptocarpa and A. spirorbis subsp. solandri. The ?A. aulacocarpa clade' includes A. aulacocarpa, A. peregrinalis endemic to New Guinea, A. crassicarpa from New Guinea and Australia, and other Australian species. Acacia spirorbis (syn. A. solandri subsp. kajewskii) from Vanuatu (Melanesia) is related to these two clades but its exact position is equivocal. The third biogeographic connection (C) is Australia?Timor?Flores, represented independently by the widespread taxon A. oraria (section Plurinerves) found on Flores and Timor and in north-eastern Queensland, and the Wetar island endemic A. wetarensis (Juliflorae). The fourth biogeographic connection (D), i.e. Hawaii?Mascarene?eastern Australia, reveals an extreme disjunct distribution, consisting of the Hawaiian koa (A. koa, A. koaia and A. kaoaiensis), sister to the Mascarene (R�union Island) species A. heterophylla; this clade is sister to the eastern Australian A. melanoxylon and A. implexa (all section Plurinerves), and sequence divergence between taxa is very low. Historical range expansion of acacias is inferred to have occurred several times from an Australian?southern New Guinean source. Dispersal would have been possible as the Australian land mass approached South-east Asia, and during times when sea levels were low, from the Late Miocene or Early Pliocene. The close genetic relationship of species separated by vast distances, from the Indian Ocean to the Pacific, is best explained by dispersal by Austronesians, early Homo sapiens migrants from Asia.

scholarly journals A new Australian species of Rioxa, with a remarkable Life-habit (Dipt.; Trypaneidae)

1919 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
M. Bezzi
Keyword(s):  
Present Note ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Life Habit ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
The Family

Dr. Guy A. K. Marshall has recently submitted to me a Trypaneid, discovered in Northern Australia by Mr. G. F. Hill. The fly is said to have been bred from larvae having habits very different from those of the related members of the family; and being moreover interesting from a morphological and biogeographical standpoint, it forms the object of the present note.

scholarly journals Preliminary evidence for upward elevational range shifts by Eastern Himalayan birds

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna S. Girish ◽  
Umesh Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Sensitivity ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Range Shifts ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
Science Data ◽  
Eastern Himalayas ◽  
Tropical Mountains ◽  
As Species ◽  
Reporting Frequency ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACTThe ongoing climate crisis is one of the most significant threats to biodiversity globally. As the Earth warms, species have adapted by shifting their geographical ranges either polewards, or in mountainous regions, upslope towards higher elevations, presumably to continue to inhabit a suitable thermal environment. Upslope range shifts are of particular concern in tropical mountain ranges because: (a) tropical species are particularly thermally sensitive, (b) as species move upwards, they can run out of habitable space, leading to local extirpations, and (c) tropical mountains harbour a disproportionately high fraction of the planet’s terrestrial biodiversity – rapid upslope range shifts can therefore result in significant biodiversity losses. We used citizen science data over a 13-year period to evaluate whether 39 eastern Himalayan bird species might be shifting to higher elevations over time, by analyzing changes in the frequency of reporting of these species at birdwatching hotspots. For these species, we find evidence consistent with upslope range shifts, with species with the bulk of their elevational ranges below the hotspot elevation showing increases in their reporting frequency over time, and those with most of their elevational ranges above the hotspot elevation declining in reporting frequency. Our findings are suggestive of rapid responses to climate change by eastern Himalayan birds. We caution that eastern Himalayan bird species might be at special risk from increasing global temperatures because of their heightened thermal sensitivity coupled with particularly high rates of warming in the region. Eastern Himalayan birds are likely to require large tracts of undisturbed natural habitat across entire elevational gradients to be able to track changing temperatures by moving to higher elevations to remain resilient to climate change.SUMMARYOne of the most fundamental responses of species to changing temperatures is to change their geographic ranges, possibly to track the range of temperatures that is ideal for their survival.With increasing climate warming, this shift could happen by moving towards the poles or in mountainous areas, towards the summit.Due to the high thermal sensitivity of tropical species and the decrease in space as species move up mountains, the extremely biodiverse bird communities of tropical mountains are particularly vulnerable.Using citizen science data from birding hotspots along an elevational gradient in the Eastern Himalayas over a 13-year period, we measured the change in reporting frequency of 39 common bird species.Changes in reporting frequency are generally consistent with the fact that upslope shifts are taking place in the Eastern Himalayas, similar to results for birds from other tropical mountains.

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