Effluent irrigation—an environmental challenge for soil science

Soil Research ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 543 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Bond
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Soil Science ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Policy Debate ◽  
Effluent Irrigation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Environmental Challenge

With the growth of concern for the impact of humankind on the environment, soil scientists have increasingly shifted the emphasis of their work towards the effect of agricultural and other land management practices on the environment. This shift has required some changes to the way soil science is practised. The example of land application of wastes, an increasingly popular practice, is used to illustrate the role of soil science in the complex web of scientific, social, and economic aspects of environmental issues, and the need to influence community thinking and the policy debate. The issues often most likely to be limiting to effluent irrigation are excessive nitrate leaching, poor salt management, and the effects of increasing soil sodicity on current and future land uses. The scientific challenges that these pose are discussed, together with some broader issues including those associated with implementation of effluent irrigation, and socioeconomic and environmental considerations that should influence the decision to select effluent irrigation as the means for disposal or reuse.

scholarly journals National movement patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand: the unexplored role of neighbourhood deprivation

2021 ◽  
pp. jech-2020-216108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm Campbell ◽  
Lukas Marek ◽  
Jesse Wiki ◽  
Matthew Hobbs ◽  
Clive E Sabel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Policy Debate ◽  
Population Mobility ◽  
Neighbourhood Deprivation ◽  
Movement Data ◽  
Spatial Inequalities ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has asked unprecedented questions of governments around the world. Policy responses have disrupted usual patterns of movement in society, locally and globally, with resultant impacts on national economies and human well-being. These interventions have primarily centred on enforcing lockdowns and introducing social distancing recommendations, leading to questions of trust and competency around the role of institutions and the administrative apparatus of state. This study demonstrates the unequal societal impacts in population movement during a national ‘lockdown’.MethodsWe use nationwide mobile phone movement data to quantify the effect of an enforced lockdown on population mobility by neighbourhood deprivation using an ecological study design. We then derive a mobility index using anonymised aggregated population counts for each neighbourhood (2253 Census Statistical Areas; mean population n=2086) of national hourly mobile phone location data (7.45 million records, 1 March 2020–20 July 2020) for New Zealand (NZ).ResultsCurtailing movement has highlighted and exacerbated underlying social and spatial inequalities. Our analysis reveals the unequal movements during ‘lockdown’ by neighbourhood socioeconomic status in NZ.ConclusionIn understanding inequalities in neighbourhood movements, we are contributing critical new evidence to the policy debate about the impact(s) and efficacy of national, regional or local lockdowns which have sparked such controversy.

scholarly journals PRE- and POST-STORM LiDAR SURVEYS FOR ASSESSMENT OF IMPACT ON COASTAL EROSION

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-3/W8 ◽  
pp. 261-266
Author(s):  
A.-L. Montreuil ◽  
M. Chen ◽  
A. Esquerré ◽  
R. Houthuys ◽  
R. Moelans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Airborne Lidar ◽  
Coastline Change ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Sustainable management of the coastal resources requires a better understanding of the processes that drive coastline change. The coastline is a highly dynamic sea-terrestrial interface. It is affected by forcing factors such as water levels, waves, winds, and the highest and most severe changes occur during storm surges. Extreme storms are drivers responsible for rapid and sometimes dramatic changes of the coastline. The consequences of the impacts from these events entail a broad range of social, economic and natural resource considerations from threats to humans, infrastructure and habitats. This study investigates the impact of a severe storm on coastline response on a sandy multi-barred beach at the Belgian coast. Airborne LiDAR surveys acquired pre- and post-storm covering an area larger than 1 km<sup>2</sup> were analyzed and reproducible monitoring solutions adapted to assess beach morphological changes were applied. Results indicated that the coast retreated by a maximum of 14.7 m where the embryo dunes in front of the fixed dunes were vanished and the foredune undercut. Storm surge and wave attacks were probably the most energetic there. However, the response of the coastline proxies associated with the mean high water line (MHW) and dunetoe (DuneT) was spatially variable. Based on the extracted beach features, good correlations (r>0.73) were found between coastline, berm and inner intertidal bar morphology, while it was weak with the most seaward bars covered in the surveys. This highlights the role of the upper features on the beach to protect the coastline from storm erosion by reducing wave energy. The findings are of critical importance in improving our knowledge and forecasting of coastline response to storms, and also in its translation into management practices.</p>

scholarly journals The role of green supply chain management practices on environmental performance in the hydrocarbon industry of Bahrain: Testing the moderation of green innovation

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saad Darwish ◽  
Syed Mir Muhammad Shah ◽  
Umair Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Green Supply Chain ◽  
Green Innovation ◽  
Environmental Cooperation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Moderating Role

Recently, environmental degradation has become a global issue, and a green supply chain has been considered as the appropriate solution for it. Also, this issue gets the intentions of recent researchers. Thus, the current article aims to examine the impact of green supply chain practices such as green purchase, internal environmental management, and customer environmental cooperation on environment performance in Bahrain. The goal also includes examining the moderating role of green innovation among the nexus of green purchase, internal environmental management, customer environmental cooperation, and environmental performance in Bahrain. The primary data collection method has been executed by the study and collected data by using questionnaires. The employees of the supply chain department of the hydrocarbon industry in Bahrain are the respondents. The statistical results show that green purchase, internal environmental management and customer environmental cooperation have positive relationships with environmental performance. The outcomes also exposed that green innovation has played an influential moderating role among the nexus of green purchase, internal environmental management, customer environmental cooperation, and environmental performance in Bahrain. These findings provide guidelines to the regulators that they should develop effective policies related to the implementation of supply chain practices that improve environmental performance.

Responsibility in the Supply Chain

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Millington
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Legal Obligations ◽  
Stakeholder Pressure ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Social And Environmental Performance ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
The Impact

This article provides a comprehensive overview of one of the main areas where corporate social responsibility issues have impacted upon firms across the globe, namely the supply chain. Although the legal obligations for social and environmental issues are increasingly devolved to suppliers, the role of lead firms in the development of ethical supply chain management (ESCM) has been the subject of considerable debate. This article focuses on two questions which are central to the development of ESCM. First, it looks at stakeholder pressure for ESCM and its implications for the involvement of lead firms in ESCM. Second, it considers the conditions under which lead firms will be able to influence suppliers and implement ESCM. It then reviews the impact of ESCM on social and environmental performance. Finally, it outlines the implications for the development of effective ESCM.

scholarly journals Determinants of the Acceptance of Sustainable Production Strategies in Conventional and Organic Dairying in Europe: An Empirical Analysis

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Naspetti ◽  
Serena Mandolesi ◽  
Jeroen Buysse ◽  
Terhi Latvala ◽  
Philippa Nicholas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Technology Acceptance ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Sustainable Production ◽  
Perceived Usefulness ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Alternative Protein ◽  
Production Strategies ◽  
The Impact

The goal of the study was to assess the farmers&rsquo; acceptance of three sustainable production strategies, namely &lsquo;Agro-forestry&rsquo;, &lsquo;Alternative protein source&rsquo; and &lsquo;Prolonged maternal feeding&rsquo;. Data on the acceptance of these strategies were collected by a survey of dairy farmers in six EU countries (AT, BE, DK, FI, IT, UK). An extended version of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) was applied by means of Structural Equation Modelling to testing various hypotheses on attitudes and intentions of dairy farmers towards these novel production strategies, as well as the influence of organic practices and collaborative behaviours along the supply chain. We found that the most preferred strategy - across all countries - was soy substitution by alternative protein sources. We also found that the intention to adopt a sustainable production strategy may derive from the influence of opinions (and behaviours) of relevant others, showing the role of interactions among farmers and other stakeholders in the adoption of innovations. Finally, the perceived usefulness of all investigated strategies is higher for organic farmers, while collaborative patterns reduce the impact of subjective norm on usefulness and overall acceptance. Our findings should encourage policy makers to consider the important role of supply chain management practices, including collaboration, to enhance the sustainability of dairy farming systems.

scholarly journals Global Leadership Development

2021 ◽  
pp. 975-999
Author(s):  
Giambattista Bufalino
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Development ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Global Leadership ◽  
Leadership Programs ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Global Leadership Development ◽  
Technological Improvements ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Business And Management

No firm is immune from the impact of globalization. The new global context and the accompanying technological improvements are driving an increased need for global leaders with a wider variety of competencies, skills, and abilities. This chapter presents current perspectives on global leadership to better assist management educators in the design and implementation of global leadership programs. The fil rouge of this exploration will be the acknowledgement of the role of culture and its influence on business and management practices. First, the author will present current broad approaches to investigate global leadership; then he will focus on the development of global leadership, including practical challenges in business education. Finally, future directions will be discussed.

scholarly journals Impact of Diversity Management on Employees’ Engagement: The Role of Organizational Trust and Job Insecurity

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 420
Author(s):  
Ayman Alshaabani ◽  
Khadija Aya Hamza ◽  
Ildikó Rudnák
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Organizational Trust ◽  
Diversity Management ◽  
Work Conditions ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
The Impact

The frequent world changes raised by globalization, new technology development, and the increase in migration movements have generated an immensely diversified workforce. To face these challenges, managers started to seek the best strategies to effectively run this mixed environment and implement the leading diversity management policies for human resource management sustainability, which is also considered as very constructive in boosting employees’ performance, motivation, satisfaction, as well as their work engagement. Consistently, this paper examines the impact of service companies’ diversity management systems on employees’ engagement and the moderating role of organizational trust and job insecurity in that relationship. As we opted for a quantitative study, we managed a survey based on a questionnaire dedicated to 580 employees working in Hungarian companies, specializing in Marketing, Management consulting, IT, and logistics services, to effectively assess the hypothesis concluded from the literature review. With the use of structural equation modeling (SEM) as a data analysis tool, our findings reveal that diversity management has a positive significant effect on Employees’ engagement and that organizational trust and job insecurity truly and significantly mediate that association. Along with social exchange theory, our research contributes to affirming that by implementing proper diversity management practices and by ensuring a trustworthy environment and outstanding work conditions, managers are constructively able to assist their employees, raise their involvement, and minimize the level of job insecurities.

Management of Wastewater and Faecal Sludge in Southern Africa

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi G. Snyman
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Wastewater Sludge ◽  
Sludge Disposal ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
Sanitation Systems ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Faecal Sludge

This paper deals with the trends, legislative framework and current sludge management practices in southern Africa. Recognising that a large percentage of the Southern African population is not serviced with full waterborne systems, a paper on the management of sludge in the region would not be complete without discussing the management of faecal sludge (FS) from on-site sanitation systems as well. The first half of the paper focuses on the management of wastewater sludge from waterborne sewage systems. The research papers from the region focus primarily on the impact of sludge application on land and agricultural use. The wastewater sludge disposal practices and legislative trends in South Africa are discussed in detail including an overview of the technologies that are used to stabilise, dewater and dry the wastewater sludge. The majority of plants in South Africa do not treat the sludge further than the traditional anaerobic digestion and activated sludge extended aeration. Final disposal methods are still dominated by on-site disposal methods including direct land application (dedicated land disposal) and stockpiling of the sludge on site. The second half of the paper focuses on the management of FS from on site sanitation systems. The FS, which is often contaminated with domestic waste, originating from these on-site sanitation systems requires responsible handling and disposal. The problems and challenges in FS management are highlighted as well as the recommended legislative trends.

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