Free aluminium and related parameters in soil solution from a South Island (New Zealand) high country site under contrasting S and P fertilisation

Soil Research ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 175 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. K. J. Powell ◽  
D. J. Hawke ◽  
D. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Ph Dependence ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Trial Site ◽  
P Application

Soil solution samples were taken from 7 plots of varying Hieracium infestation at the AgResearch (NZ) Mt John trial site, Lake Tekapo. The soils, which had been fertilised, oversown, and grazed, were analysed for free (reactive) Al, total Al, pH, NOM (natural organic matter), and phosphate. The plots had received annual fertiliser combinations of 0–100 kg P and 0–20 kg S/ha·year. Soil solution pH was in the range 4·33-5·76 and total Al concentrations were in the range 13–68 µM. Free Al concentrations were in the range 0·48–4·8 µM. The pH dependence of log (free[Al]) (slope: –0·69±0·37) indicated control of soluble Al by NOM rather than Al(OH)3 solubility. Soil solution phosphate concentrations depended strongly on P application rate, reaching over 100 mM. At high P concentrations, the product [Al3+][PO3-4] indicated approximate saturation with respect to variscite. One comparison indicated that effects on pH and NOM in the upper 5 cm were due to the presence or absence of grazing.

Effect of calcined magnesite on soil and Pinus radiata foliage magnesium in pumice soils of New Zealand

Soil Research ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 545 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Mitchell ◽  
P. Loganathan ◽  
T. W. Payn ◽  
R. W. Tillman
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Tree Breeding ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Mg Deficiency ◽  
Exchangeable Al ◽  
Forest Regions ◽  
New Type ◽  
Fertiliser Application

Magnesium (Mg) deficiency is common in a number of forest regions in the world. It has been linked to a condition in P. radiata called ‘upper mid crown yellowing’ (UMCY) in New Zealand and ‘new type forest decline’ in Europe. Mg concentrations are low in many of New Zealand"s forest soils. With increases in the number of rotations and increased growth rates through tree breeding, Mg deficiency is expected to increase. This study was conducted to determine the fate of calcined magnesite (calmag) fertiliser applied at 150 kg Mg/ha at 2 sites in the Kaingaroa Forest near Rotorua, New Zealand. It also investigated the effectiveness of calmag in increasing the soil solution and soil exchangeable Mg in pumice soils and Mg concentrations in the pine needles, and in reducing the likelihood of UMCY 2 and 3 years after fertiliser application. In both sites and for both years of sampling the application of calmag fertiliser resulted in a significant increase in soil exchangeable and soil solution Mg in the 0–5 cm soil layer. Soil and soil solution pH had also been increased in the top 5 cm soil layer. Two years after application about 90% of the fertiliser applied had dissolved and about 70–80% of the Mg remained in a plant-available form (ammonium acetate exchangeable Mg) in the top 10 cm of soil. Calculations suggest that 3–10% of applied fertiliser had been lost due to leaching. Magnesium fertiliser application also resulted in significant reduction in the exchangeable K: Mg ratio and reduced exchangeable Al in the 0–5 cm soil layer. After 3 years, foliar Mg concentrations increased at all sites in the fertilised trees compared with the control trees, although differences were not yet significant. UMCY severity in the trees was also not significantly affected by the application of Mg fertiliser.

scholarly journals Mercury mobility, colloid formation and methylation in a polluted fluvisol as affected by manure application and flooding-draining cycle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenz Gfeller ◽  
Andrea Weber ◽  
Isabelle Worms ◽  
Vera I. Slaveykova ◽  
Adrien Mestrot
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Soil Systems ◽  
Floodplain Soils ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Colloid Formation

Abstract. Floodplain soils polluted with high levels of mercury (Hg) are potential point sources to downstream eco-systems. Repeated flooding (e.g. redox cycling) and agricultural activities (e.g. organic matter addition) may influence the fate and speciation of Hg in these soil systems. The formation and aggregation of colloids and particles influences both Hg mobility and its bioavailability to methylmercury (MeHg) forming microbes. In this study, we conducted a microcosm flooding-draining experiment on Hg polluted floodplain soils originating from an agriculturally used area situated in the Rhone Valley (Valais, Switzerland). The experiment comprised two 14 days flooding periods separated by one 14 days draining period. The effect of freshly added natural organic matter on Hg dynamics was assessed by adding liquid cow manure (+MNR) to two control soils characterized by different Hg (47.3 ± 0.6 mg kg−1 or 2.38 ± 0.01 mg kg−1) and organic carbon (OC: 1.92 wt. % or 3.45 wt. %) contents. During the experiment, the release, colloid formation and methylation of Hg in the soil solution were monitored. Upon manure addition in the highly polluted soil (lowest OC), an accelerated release of Hg to the soil solution could be linked to a fast reductive dissolution of Mn oxides. The manure treatments showed a fast sequestration of Hg and a higher percentage of particulate (0.02–10 µm) bound Hg. As well, analyses of soil solutions by asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (AF4–ICP–MS) revealed a proportional increase of colloidal DOM-Hg and inorganic colloidal Hg (+MNR: 70–100 %; control: 32–70 %) upon manure addition. Our experiment shows that net Hg methylation (MeHg/Hg) was highest after the first draining period and decreased again after the second flooding period. No significant effects on methylation upon manure addition was found. The results of this study suggest that manure addition may promote sequestration by Hg complexation on large organic matter components and the formation/aggregation of inorganic HgS(s) colloids in Hg polluted fluvisols with low levels of natural organic matter.

The relationship between soil solution pH and Al3+concentrations in a range of South Island (New Zealand) soils

Soil Research ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 141 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Adams ◽  
D. J. Hawke ◽  
N. H. S. Nilsson ◽  
K. J. Powell
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Chelating Resin ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Resultant Data ◽  
Soil Solutions ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
The Relationship

Concentrations of Al3+ were calculated in soil solutions from concentrations of the monomeric ‘reactive Al’ species ([Al3+] + [Al(OH)2+] + [Al(OH)2+] + [AlF2+]) obtained using a recently reported flow injection analysis (FIA) chelating resin technique. Soil solution samples came from 7 sites encompassing a range of New Zealand soils (Brown, Gley, Pallic, Podzol, and Recent Soils) and vegetation types (pasture, shrub lands, and indigenous and exotic forest). Previously published data from a further 7 sites, obtained using a rapid (7 s) FIA technique, were transformed to give compatible results. The resultant data (n = 85) covered the pH range 2.7–7.6, and showed a single curvilinear relationship for log [Al3+] v. soil solution pH, regardless of vegetation or soil type. At pH >5.6, the data had a slope of –2.98 and fell between the amorphous Al(OH)3 and gibbsite solubility lines. At pH <5.0, the data had a slope of –0.46; further, the soil solutions were under-saturated with respect to both minerals. These results are interpreted as indicating control of Al solubility by Al(OH)3 (s) (at pH >5.6) and soil organic matter (at pH <5.0), respectively. This interpretation is supported by data from a pH-dependent Al–fulvic acid binding curve, for which calculated values of [Al3+] follow the same curvilinear relationship determined from the soil solution samples.

scholarly journals Mercury mobility, colloid formation and methylation in a polluted Fluvisol as affected by manure application and flooding–draining cycle

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 3445-3465
Author(s):  
Lorenz Gfeller ◽  
Andrea Weber ◽  
Isabelle Worms ◽  
Vera I. Slaveykova ◽  
Adrien Mestrot
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Floodplain Soils ◽  
Subsequent Decrease ◽  
Colloid Formation

Abstract. Floodplain soils polluted with high levels of mercury (Hg) are potential point sources to downstream ecosystems. Repeated flooding (e.g., redox cycling) and agricultural activities (e.g., organic matter addition) may influence the fate and speciation of Hg in these soil systems. The formation and aggregation of colloids and particles influence both Hg mobility and its bioavailability to microbes that form methylmercury (MeHg). In this study, we conducted a microcosm flooding–draining experiment on Hg-polluted floodplain soils originating from an agriculturally used area situated in the Rhone Valley (Valais, Switzerland). The experiment comprised two 14 d flooding periods separated by one 14 d draining period. The effect of freshly added natural organic matter on Hg dynamics was assessed by adding liquid cow manure (+MNR) to two soils characterized by different Hg (47.3±0.5 or 2.38±0.01 mg kg−1) and organic carbon (OC: 1.92 wt % or 3.45 wt %) contents. During the experiment, the release, colloid formation of Hg in soil solution and net MeHg production in the soil were monitored. Upon manure addition in the highly polluted soil (lower OC), an accelerated release of Hg to the soil solution could be linked to a fast reductive dissolution of Mn oxides. The manure treatments showed a fast sequestration of Hg and a higher percentage of Hg bound by particulate (0.02–10 µm). Also, analyses of soil solutions by asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (AF4–ICP–MS) revealed a relative increase in colloidal Hg bound to dissolved organic matter (Hg–DOM) and inorganic colloidal Hg (70 %–100 %) upon manure addition. Our experiment shows a net MeHg production the first flooding and draining period and a subsequent decrease in absolute MeHg concentrations after the second flooding period. Manure addition did not change net MeHg production significantly in the incubated soils. The results of this study suggest that manure addition may promote Hg sequestration by Hg complexation on large organic matter components and the formation and aggregation of inorganic HgS(s) colloids in Hg-polluted Fluvisols with low levels of natural organic matter.

scholarly journals Impact of natural organic matter on bromate removal in the sulfite/UV-L advanced reduction process

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 461-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahngmi Jung ◽  
Aya Safan ◽  
Venkata Sai Vamsi Botlaguduru ◽  
Bill Batchelor ◽  
Ahmed Abdel-Wahab
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Photochemical Reactions ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Advanced Reduction ◽  
The Impact

Advanced reduction processes (ARPs) are treatment processes that involve combining reducing reagents and activating tools to produce highly reactive reducing free radicals. The process has proven effective for treating oxidized contaminants, and the effects of process variables on the degradation kinetics of various target contaminants have been investigated in our previous studies. In natural environments, natural organic matter (NOM) is found in surface or ground water. NOM absorbs UV light and can react with photochemically produced radicals, thus affecting target contaminant photochemical reactions and further influencing the efficiency of ARP. This study examines the impact of humic acid (HA) and Suwanee River NOM on bromate reduction rates with UV irradiation using a low-pressure mercury UV lamp. The effects of the sulfite dose, solution pH, and light intensity are studied and the pseudo-first-order rate constants in the presence of HA (kobs,HA) are compared to those observed in the absence of HA (kobs). At low HA concentrations of 1 mg L−1, kobs,HA was larger than kobs; however, kobs,HA was less than kobs at higher HA concentrations. Furthermore, kobs,HA did not increase with increasing sulfite doses in the presence of HA, which is unlike the behavior of kobs.

Free aluminum and aluminum complexation capacity of natural organic-matter in acidic forest soil solutions from Canterbury, New Zealand

Soil Research ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 611 ◽  
Author(s):  
HKJ Powell ◽  
DJ Hawke
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Fulvic Acid ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Ph Dependence ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Complexation Capacity ◽  
Organic Horizons

Measurement of soil solution Al complexation capacity (Al-CC) at pH 4 . 7 by using a simple colorimetric flow injection analysis technique is described. Forest soils from four sites (Canterbury, N.Z.) of contrasting rainfall (from 655 mm to about 3000 mm) were examined. Results showed a strong inverse correlation (r2 = 0.992) between pH and log(soil solution Al-CC) in high-organic surface horizons, indicating that high rainfall generates both acidity and Al complexing ligands. Soil Al-CC (�mol Al kg-1 dry soil) was highest (199 �mol kg-1) in the Ca horizon from the wettest site, and lowest (2.2 � mol kg-1) in the B horizon of one of the intermediate rainfall sites. Soil solution Al-CC was proportional (r2 = 0.94) to the organic matter content of all horizons, as estimated by absorbance at 250 nm. The slope of the regression against A250, expressed as fulvic acid equivalent, gave a higher Al-CC (1360 � 210 mmol kg-1) than measured for soil fulvic acid alone (550 mmol kg-1), indicating a contribution from non-absorbing complexants. The pH dependence of log(free [Al]) (slope -0.38 � 0.17) implicates colloidal and/or solid phase organics in the control of soluble Al in organic horizons.

Application of alkaline-stabilised biosolids for Meloidogyne incognita suppression in microplots

Nematology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Rogers ◽  
Sandra Sardanelli ◽  
Inga Zasada
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Additional Research ◽  
Resistant Cultivar ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Plant Parasitic

AbstractN-Viro Soil (NVS) is an alkaline-stabilised biosolid that has been shown to suppress Meloidogyne incognita. In separate microplot studies, NVS was applied either alone at different rates (0, 25, 50, 75, 100 dry t ha−1), or in combination with M. incognita-resistant and M. incognita-susceptible cultivars, to different M. incognita initial densities (0, 37 500, 75 000 eggs/microplot). NVS suppressed M. incognita. During year 1, increasing rates of NVS resulted in higher soil solution pH and greater M. incognita J2 and egg suppression. Soil solution pH remained higher in NVS-amended plots compared to the unamended control in years 2 and 3. NVS was more effective in reducing moderate than in reducing high initial nematode populations, with 94-100% reduction in egg and juvenile populations compared to 75-79%, respectively. In all experiments, a reduction in nematode populations by NVS, alone or in combination with a resistant cultivar, did not occur consistently in years 2 or 3. Unfortunately, the application rate of NVS required to achieve this reduction in nematode populations is probably not agronomically realistic. Additional research may allow the rate of NVS required to suppress plant-parasitic nematodes to be reduced.

Characterization of dissolved organic matter (DOM) extracted from soils by hot water percolation (HWP)

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Takács ◽  
Gy. Füleky
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Soil Extracts ◽  
Water Percolation ◽  
Soil Humic Acid

The Hot Water Percolation (HWP) technique for preparing soil extracts has several advantages: it is easily carried out, fast, and several parameters can be measured from the same solution. The object of this study was to examine the possible use of HWP extracts for the characterization of soil organic matter. The HPLC-SEC chromatograms, UV-VIS and fluorescence properties of the HWP extracts were studied and the results were compared with those of the International Humic Substances Society (IHSS) Soil Humic Acid (HA), IHSS Soil Fulvic Acid (FA) and IHSS Suwannee Natural Organic Matter (NOM) standards as well as their HA counterparts isolated by traditional extraction methods from the original soil samples. The DOM of the HWP solution is probably a mixture of organic materials, which have some characteristics similar to the Soil FA fractions and NOM. The HWP extracted organic material can be studied and characterized using simple techniques, like UV-VIS and fluorescence spectroscopy.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document