scholarly journals Impact of natural organic matter on bromate removal in the sulfite/UV-L advanced reduction process

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 461-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahngmi Jung ◽  
Aya Safan ◽  
Venkata Sai Vamsi Botlaguduru ◽  
Bill Batchelor ◽  
Ahmed Abdel-Wahab
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Photochemical Reactions ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Advanced Reduction ◽  
The Impact

Advanced reduction processes (ARPs) are treatment processes that involve combining reducing reagents and activating tools to produce highly reactive reducing free radicals. The process has proven effective for treating oxidized contaminants, and the effects of process variables on the degradation kinetics of various target contaminants have been investigated in our previous studies. In natural environments, natural organic matter (NOM) is found in surface or ground water. NOM absorbs UV light and can react with photochemically produced radicals, thus affecting target contaminant photochemical reactions and further influencing the efficiency of ARP. This study examines the impact of humic acid (HA) and Suwanee River NOM on bromate reduction rates with UV irradiation using a low-pressure mercury UV lamp. The effects of the sulfite dose, solution pH, and light intensity are studied and the pseudo-first-order rate constants in the presence of HA (kobs,HA) are compared to those observed in the absence of HA (kobs). At low HA concentrations of 1 mg L−1, kobs,HA was larger than kobs; however, kobs,HA was less than kobs at higher HA concentrations. Furthermore, kobs,HA did not increase with increasing sulfite doses in the presence of HA, which is unlike the behavior of kobs.

Comparison of disinfection byproduct (DBP) formation from different UV technologies at bench scale

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 515-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Liu ◽  
S.A. Andrews ◽  
J.R. Bolton ◽  
K.G. Linden ◽  
C. Sharpless ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Uv Irradiation ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Disinfection Byproduct ◽  
Pressure Medium ◽  
The Impact ◽  
As Effects

The impact of UV irradiation on disinfection byproduct (DBP) formation was investigated for low pressure, medium pressure and pulsed UV technologies using a broad range of UV doses. Four classes of DBPs (THMs, HAAs, aldehydes and carboxylic acids) were examined. This enabled the determination of effects resulting from the direct action of UV irradiation on natural organic matter (aldehydes, carboxylic acids) as well as effects on the ultimate formation of chlorinated DBPs (THMs and HAAs) from secondary chlorination. For doses of less than 1,000 mJ/cm2, UV irradiation did not affect THM and HAA formation in subsequent chlorination processes, however higher UV doses resulted in lower ultimate concentrations of THMs and HAAs. UV irradiation also resulted in the formation of aldehydes and carboxylic acids at UV doses above 500 mJ/cm2, compounds that are known to adversely effect drinking water biostability.

Direct coagulation pretreatment in nanofiltration of waters rich in organic matter and calcium

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
A. I. Schäfer ◽  
A.G. Fane ◽  
T.D. Waite
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Nanofiltration Membranes ◽  
Multivalent Ions ◽  
Flux Decline ◽  
Calcium Complexes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Significant Flux

Nanofiltration (NF) can remove natural organic matter (NOM) and multivalent ions from surface waters. Large hydrophobic organics and calcium ions are responsible for irreversible fouling of nanofiltration membranes and thus a decrease of process efficiency and increase in cleaning requirements. Fouling due to the precipitation of organic-calcium complexes and the impact of colloids and coagulant (FeCl3) on the precipitation of these species was investigated. Coagulation in solution (as opposed to in the boundary layer) did not cause significant flux decline and was able to prevent irreversible fouling under conditions which were previously determined as detrimental. The rejection was varied if a strongly charged solid was deposited on the membrane.

Spatio-temporal variability of natural organic matter in Lancang River: concentration, sources and destination

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Wang
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
C3 Plants ◽  
Lancang River ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Impact

<p>Natural organic matter (NOM) played an important role in the riverine and global carbon cycle. In order to evaluate the impact of river discharge and anthropogenic activities on the spatio-temporal variability of NOM content and sources in Lancang River, China, a comprehensive study was conducted in two years from the head to the leave-boundary section. As results, the DOC value ranged among 0.91-2.80 mg/L, with sharp decrease in the middle reaches and downstream. While the SOC value significantly enhanced along the water flow, varied from 0.06% to 3.54%. The isotopic composition of organic carbon (δ13C) suggested that predominant contribution of NOM is C3 plants in the upper reach, algae and soil organic matter in the middle reach, and aquatic plants in the downstream. EEM-PARAFAC results proved that NOM in Lancang River is mainly terrestrial organic carbon, while in situ microbial transformed NOM is very low. Moreover, the sharp increase of dissolved CO2 concentration in the lower reaches confirmed the strong respiration of microorganisms due to the higher DO and water temperature, thus resulted in the significantly different fluctuations of DOC and SOC.</p>

scholarly journals Behavior of TiO2 and CeO2 Nanoparticles and Polystyrene Nanoplastics in Bottled Mineral, Drinking and Lake Geneva Waters. Impact of Water Hardness and Natural Organic Matter on Nanoparticle Surface Properties and Aggregation

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Ramirez ◽  
Stephan Ramseier Gentile ◽  
Stéphane Zimmermann ◽  
Serge Stoll
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Hardness ◽  
Engineered Nanoparticles ◽  
Mineral Waters ◽  
Lake Geneva ◽  
Water Treatment Process ◽  
The Impact

Intensive use of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) in daily products ineluctably results in their release into aquatic systems and consequently into drinking water resources. Therefore, understanding NPs behavior in various waters from naturel to mineral waters is crucial for risk assessment evaluation and the efficient removal of NPs during the drinking water treatment process. In this study, the impact of relevant physicochemical parameters, such as pH, water hardness, and presence of natural organic matter (NOM) on the surface charge properties and aggregation abilities of both NPs and nanoplastic particles is investigated. TiO2, CeO2, and Polystyrene (PS) nanoplastics are selected, owing to their large number applications and contrasting characteristics at environmental pH. Experiments are performed in different water samples, including, ultrapure water, three bottled mineral waters, Lake Geneva, and drinking water produced from Lake Geneva. Our findings demonstrate that both water hardness and negatively charged natural organic matter concentrations, which were measured via dissolved organic carbon determination, are playing important roles. At environmental pH, when negatively charged nanoparticles are considered, specific cation adsorption is promoting aggregation so long as NOM concentration is limited. On the other hand, NOM adsorption is expected to be a key process in NPs destabilization when positively charged PS nanoplastics are considered.

Adsorptive fouling of a polypropylene microfiltration membrane with dissolved natural organic matter: do membranes possess an adsorption capacity?

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Koh ◽  
M.M. Clark ◽  
K.P. Ishida
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflectance ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Flux Decline ◽  
Aromatic Ether

Rejection by membrane adsorption has been observed and widely reported. However, little is known about whether membranes possess an adsorption capacity. Experimental data showed that when a hydrophobic polypropylene (PP) microfilter was used to filter a large volume of particle-free surface water containing dissolved natural organic matter (NOM), later batches of microfiltration (MF) permeate caused more flux decline to a fresh 20K-Dalton polyethersulfone (PES) ultrafilter. This suggests that membranes can have an adsorption capacity for foulants. In this research, the gradual increase in absorbance of ultraviolet (UV) light by subsequent batches of MF permeate was observed, and supports the findings from previous studies, that only a small fraction of NOM causes membrane fouling. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and energy dispersive spectroscopy of fouled PP and PES membranes suggests foulants containing amide, aromatic, ether, hydroxyl and silicate functional groups. Silicates appear to participate in membrane fouling, and its removal with the small fraction of fouling NOM can reduce the fouling potential of water. These data improve our understanding of membrane fouling by natural waters, and have implications for the design of membrane plants that filter natural waters.

Fate of effluent organic matter (EfOM) and natural organic matter (NOM) through riverbank filtration

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 1999-2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Maeng ◽  
S. K. Sharma ◽  
A. Magic-Knezev ◽  
G. Amy
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Wastewater Effluent ◽  
Riverbank Filtration ◽  
Soil Columns ◽  
Effluent Organic Matter ◽  
Bulk Organic Matter ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
The Impact

Understanding the fate of effluent organic matter (EfOM) and natural organic matter (NOM) through riverbank filtration is essential to assess the impact of wastewater effluent on the post treatment requirements of riverbank filtrates. Furthermore, their fate during drinking water treatment can significantly determine the process design. The objective of this study was to characterise bulk organic matter which consists of EfOM and NOM during riverbank filtration using a suite of innovative analytical tools. Wastewater effluent-derived surface water and surface water were used as source waters in experiments with soil columns. Results showed the preferential removal of non-humic substances (i.e. biopolymers) from wastewater effluent-derived surface water. The bulk organic matter characteristics of wastewater effluent-derived surface water and surface water were similar after 5 m soil passage in laboratory column experiment. Humic-like organic matter in surface water and wastewater effluent-derived surface water persisted through the soil passage. More than 50% of total dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal with significant reduction of dissolved oxygen (DO) was observed in the top 50 cm of the soil columns for both surface water and wastewater effluent-derived surface water. This was due to biodegradation by soil biomass which was determined by adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentrations and heterotrophic plate counts. High concentrations of ATP in the first few centimeters of infiltration surface reflect the highest microbial activity which correlates with the extent of DOC reduction. Good correlation of DOC removal with DO and biomass development was observed in the soil columns.

Natural organic matter export from boreal catchments (the Salaca River basin, Latvia) and its influencing factors

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 330-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maris Klavins ◽  
Ilga Kokorite ◽  
Linda Eglite ◽  
Valery Rodinov
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Concentration ◽  
Runoff Regime ◽  
Discharge Regime ◽  
Type Of Land Use ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Matter Concentration

A noteworthy increase in the organic matter concentration and export, as well as water colour, in the catchments of the Salaca River has been observed during the last decades. This study investigates factors behind this increase: the impact of climate, land use and human loading changes on the concentrations and export of the organic matter in the Salaca River/Lake Burtnieks catchments. Proportion of wetlands in the river basin, type of land use, and runoff regime can be considered as the main factors influencing the organic carbon loadings. Despite a steady overall tendency of increase, considerable oscillations of organic matter loadings influenced by the changes in the river discharge regime were observed for extended periods of time.

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