scholarly journals Challenges and opportunities for fossil fuels in a carbon - constrained world – an Australian perspective

2014 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
William Rowlands
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Refining Industry ◽  
Oil Supply ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Value Add

With climate change undeniable, what are Australia’s opportunities for achieving more controlled greenhouse gases releases, while still using fossil fuels? How does this interplay with the reduction of fossil crude oil supply and the increasing shift in Australia towards importing finished products, declining refinery infrastructure and consequently reduction in the availability of chemical feed stocks for the local chemical industry? In fact, will there be an Australian chemicals and refining industry 30 years from now? The talk discussed these questions and aimed to outline a vision for Australia that might successfully deal with some of their aspects. Furthermore, this vision will be partially translated and exemplified with our lignite value add project in Victoria.

scholarly journals What to Expect from the 2020 Gas Package

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Olczak ◽  
Andris Piebalgs
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Electricity Sector ◽  
Renewable Electricity ◽  
And Storage ◽  
The Eu

Gas is considered an important part of the European Union’s (EU) energy mix. Making up a quarter of the energy consumed in the EU, it is widely used by both households and industry. Gas supports the penetration of intermittent renewable electricity and is considered the cleanest of the fossil fuels but its combustion emits a considerable amount of greenhouse gases. In the fight against climate change, the EU has committed itself to the near-complete decarbonisation of the energy sector well before 2050. This will have a significant impact on the gas sector, especially in the EU, which has significant gas transportation and storage assets. This commentary examines two potential pathways that could enable the gas sector to contribute to the EU’s decarbonisation efforts while continuing to play a substantial role in the EU’s energy supply. The pathways include gas and electricity sector coupling and the substantial increase of renewable gas production. Those options, which are not mutually exclusive, provide an opportunity for the gas sector to thrive in a decarbonised energy future. In some cases, it could require changes in the EU’s gas legislation announced by the European Commission to be proposed in 2020.

Spatiotemporal Monitoring of CO2 and CH4 over Pakistan Using Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS)

2016 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
Irfan Mahmood ◽  
Muhammad Farooq Iqbal ◽  
Muhammad Imran Shahzad ◽  
Ahmed Waqas ◽  
Luqman Atique
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Considerable Increase ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Atmospheric Concentration ◽  
Atmospheric Infrared Sounder ◽  
Radiative Balance ◽  
Atmospheric Concentrations

Carbon dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4) are two most potent greenhouse gases and are major source of climate change. Human activities particularly fossil fuels burning have caused considerable increase in atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. CO2contributes 60% of anthropogenic greenhouse effect whereas CH4contributes 15%. Ice core records also show that the concentrations of Carbon dioxide and methane have increased substantially. The emission of these gases alters the Earth’s energy budget and are drivers of climate change. In the present study, atmospheric concentration of CO2and CH4over Pakistan is measured using Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS). Time series and time averaged maps are prepared to measure the concentrations of CO2and CH4. The results show considerable increase in concentration of Carbon dioxide and methane. The substantial increase in these concentrations can affect human health, earth radiative balance and can damage crops.

scholarly journals Conserving Urban Wildlife in the Face of Climate Change

EDIS ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Feinberg ◽  
Mark Hostetler
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Urban Wildlife ◽  
Wildlife Ecology ◽  
Fact Sheet ◽  
The Face

Virtually all climatologists agree that humans are increasing the rate of the Earth’s warming by releasing greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. But you might be surprised to learn that houses and residential neighborhoods are sources greenhouse gases of carbon because everything in a house that runs on electricity or gas is often derived from burning fossil fuels. This 4-page fact sheet describes the connections between climate change, wildlife, and human neighborhoods and presents several ways for residents to live more sustainably. Written by Daniel Feinberg and Mark Hostetler and published by the UF Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, September 2013. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/uw381

scholarly journals Can Oil Refiners Adjust to a Greater Supply of Shale Oil?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walid Matar ◽  
Rami Shabaneh
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Refining Industry ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Shale Oil ◽  
Oil Refineries ◽  
Oil Supply ◽  
Production Growth

The advent of American shale oil and its prospects for continued production growth have raised concerns about whether oil refineries can handle the increasingly lighter crude oil supply. To provide a perspective on this issue, we run a global oil refining model for the years from 2017 to 2030. The model’s objective is to maximize refining industry profits in eight global regions, taking into account around 100 grades of crude oil.

scholarly journals The Effect of Natural Gas Flaring on Air Pollution and its contribution to Climate Change in Basra City

2021 ◽  
Vol 05 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-38
Author(s):  
Abdul Haleem Al Muhyi ◽  
Faez Aleedani
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Gas Flaring

The effects of climate change differ from one region to another, as its effects are not the same in all regions of the world. The consequences differ from one region to another, according to its geographical location, or according to the ability of the region and its social and environmental systems to adapt to climate change or mitigate its effects. One of the most important factors of climate change is global warming. There are two major sources of global warming: natural and human. The human resource contributes by adding heat and greenhouse gases to the atmosphere because of the global use of fossil fuels, nuclear energy, burning of natural gas, coal, timber, and others. Natural gas flaring is one of the most important challenges facing energy sources and the environment globally and locally. In this study, light was shed on the flaring of natural gas in Basra Governorate and its impact on the environment and climate change. The results showed that burning natural gas in Basra contributes to changing the local climate by adding heat and greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, which led to an increase in the air temperature in the region. In recent years, it has reached (52 degrees Celsius), and it also affects air pollution by increasing concentrations of toxic gases in the atmosphere, and it is one reason for the increase in the number of cancer patients in Basra Governorate. And there was a strong positive correlation between increased gas burning and an increase in cancer cases.

REGIONAL COGENERATION VIA ELECTRICAL UTILITIES OPERATING ON NUCLEAR ENERGY AND COAL: ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-144
Author(s):  
Marc A. Rosen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Resource Utilization ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Environmental Stewardship ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Electrical Utilities

The use of electrical-utility cogeneration from nuclear energy and coal is examined for improving regional efficiency regarding energy-resource utilization and environmental stewardship. A case study is presented for a large and diverse hypothetical region which has nuclear and fossil facilities in its electrical utility sector. Utility-based cogeneration is determined to reduce significantly annual use of uranium and coal, as well as other fossil fuels, and related emissions for the region and its electrical-utility sector. The reduced emissions of greenhouse gases are significant, and indicate that electrical utility-based cogeneration has a key role to play in combating climate change.

scholarly journals A Comparative Analysis Of Initiatives And Adaptation Measures To Climate Change Undertaken In Poland And Western Europe

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 107-122
Author(s):  
Dorota Michalak
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Preventive Action ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Adaptation Measures

Climate change is one of the greatest contemporary threats to our planet's environmental, social and economic well-being, accompanied by major changes in life support systems on Earth, where the far-reaching effects will be felt in the coming decades. The Earth's climate is warming rapidly due to emissions of greenhouse gases caused by human activities such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation. The Stern Report predicts that in the long term, climate change could cut global gross domestic product (GDP) by 5 to 20% or more each year if it is not brought under control by reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The purpose of this paper is to compare the degree of influence of climate change on the economies of Western Europe and comparing national strategies for adaptation to climate change in selected countries of Western Europe and Poland. The analysis of the main initiatives for adaptation to climate change in selected countries of Western Europe and Poland relate to key issues mentioned in the strategic documents of the European Commission. In the United Kingdom the main emphasis is on the reduction of greenhouse gases as a form of preventive action, rather than adaptation to climate change. All strategies recognize the importance of raising public awareness about the negative effects of climate change and the importance of preparing adaptation measures, and stress the need to support the critical and most sensitive sectors of the European economy – forestry, agriculture and fisheries. The Polish strategy of adaptation to climate change does not deviate from the strategy of these countries of Western Europe, but it must be emphasized that this is only a document listing recommendations on the scope of operations of adaptation to climate change. Its realization is a separate issue.

scholarly journals Climate change and antibiotic resistance: a deadly combination

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 204993612199137
Author(s):  
Jason P. Burnham
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant

Climate change is driven primarily by humanity’s use of fossil fuels and the resultant greenhouse gases from their combustion. The effects of climate change on human health are myriad and becomingly increasingly severe as the pace of climate change accelerates. One relatively underreported intersection between health and climate change is that of infections, particularly antibiotic-resistant infections. In this perspective review, the aspects of climate change that have already, will, and could possibly impact the proliferation and dissemination of antibiotic resistance are discussed.

scholarly journals Extractive Industries

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Extractive Industries ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
International Media ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Resource Wealth ◽  
Development Spending

This book is about the challenges and opportunities facing developing countries in using their extractive industries (oil and gas and mining) to achieve inclusive and sustainable development. While resource wealth can yield prosperity, it can also cause acute social inequality, deep poverty, environmental damage, and political instability. There is a new determination to improve the benefits of extractive industries to their host countries, and to strengthen the sector’s governance. The book provides a comprehensive contribution to a debate on what must be done for the extractive industries to deliver development, protect often-fragile environments from damage, enhance the rights of affected communities (and the benefits to them), and support climate change action (as the world transitions away from fossil fuels). That debate has many participants: governments of resource-abundant countries; extractives companies (together with their industry associations); community-based organizations (and their NGO and INGO partners); bilateral and multilateral development agencies; the national and international media; and the research community in universities and think tanks. New initiatives all recognize that resource wealth can provide a means for poorer nations to decisively break with poverty—by diversifying economies and funding development spending. This book offers ideas and recommendations in the main policy areas as it brings together international experts from many disciplines and organizations. From this collective insight and experience, the book concludes that more attention must be given to the development role of extractive industries, and looks to the future as action on climate change will shape the prospects for the sector.

scholarly journals US Agriculture under Climate Change: An Examination of Climate Change Effects on Ease of Achieving RFS2

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuquan W. Zhang ◽  
Bruce A. McCarl
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Consumer Welfare ◽  
Ghg Mitigation ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

The challenges and opportunities facing today's agriculture within the climate change context are at least twofold: in addition to adapting to a potentially more variable climate, agriculture may also take on the addition role of mitigating GHG emissions—such as providing renewable fuels to replace fossil fuels to some extent. For the US, a large-scale GHG mitigation effort through biofuels production pursuant to the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) is already unfolding. A question thus naturally arises for the RFS2-relevant US agricultural sector: will climate change make it harder to meet the volume goals set in the RFS2 mandates, considering that both climate change and RFS2 may have significant impacts on US agriculture? The agricultural component of FASOMGHG that models the land use allocation within the conterminous US agricultural sector is employed to investigate the effects of climate change (with autonomous adaptation at farm level), coupled with RFS2, on US agriculture. The analysis shows that climate change eases the burden of meeting the RFS2 mandates increasing consumer welfare while decreasing producer welfare. The results also show that climate change encourages a more diversified use of biofuel feedstocks for cellulosic ethanol production, in particular crop residues.

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