Seasonal variation in in vitro digestibility and chemical composition of a range of alpine plants, from Victoria, Australia.

1984 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rees H van ◽  
JA Beard
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Alpine Plant ◽  
North East ◽  
Sufficient Energy ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
The Common

Seasonal trends in in vitro digestibility, nitrogen, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium and sodium content were assessed for 10 alpine plant species, during the summer months of 1981182, on an alpine range in north-east Victoria, Australia. In March, 1983, at the end of an unusually dry summer the same species were tested for in vitro digestibility and nitrogen content. In vitro digestibility and nitrogen content of the alpine plant species sampled were estimated to be sufficient for lactating pregnant cattle during December and January. Towards the end of the grazing season, from late February until late March, the in vitro digestibility and nitrogen content of some of the common alpine species had declined to a point where they were too low to provide cattle with sufficient energy and protein. In general, the level of the macro-element content of the plants, as sampled, was inadequate for optimum animal production throughout the season.

scholarly journals Temporal Variations in Chemical Composition, In Vitro Digestibility, and Metabolizable Energy of Plant Species Browsed by Goats in Southern Mediterranean Forest Rangeland

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1441
Author(s):  
Youssef Chebli ◽  
Samira El Otmani ◽  
Mouad Chentouf ◽  
Jean-Luc Hornick ◽  
Jean-François Cabaraux
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Mediterranean Forest ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Southern Mediterranean

Forest rangelands contribute largely to goat diets in the Mediterranean area. Information about browsed plant quality is essential for adequate feeding management. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the temporal changes in chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of the main plant species selected by goats in the Southern Mediterranean forest rangeland during two consecutive years; these were very contrasted (dry and wet). The browsed species were composed of herbaceous, eleven shrubs, and four tree species. Overall, large variability in chemical composition, in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), and metabolizable energy (ME) was observed among species, grazing season (spring, summer, and autumn), and years within each species. Crude protein (CP) content varied from 60 to 240 g/kg dry matter (DM). The fiber fractions, except for Quercus suber, increased significantly by advancing maturity. Due to the water stress, the lignin level presented a higher value during the spring of the dry year. Condensed tannin (CT) content varied from 2 to 184 g/kg DM. CP, IVOMD, and ME showed a negative correlation with lignin and CT. Based on the results presented herein, it is concluded that the nutritive value of the browsed plant species was highest in the spring and lowest during the summer and autumn of both studied years. With a good grazing management strategy, the selected plant species by goats could guarantee high-quality feeding resources throughout the year.

Chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of nine plant species from Semnan rangeland for camel in Iran

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 233-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armin Towhidi ◽  
Farnoush Rostami ◽  
Reza Masoumi
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Arid Rangelands

In Iran, Javan (2001) has reported the digestibility some arid rangelands plants by bovine rumen liquor. The determination of in vivo digestibility of wheat straw implies that camel apparently digested poor quality roughages more than cattle and sheep (Cianci et al., 2004). Therefore, It is required to measure the in vitro digestibility of herbages by camel rumen liquor. In province of yazd, nutritive value of 11 different plant species for camel were determined (Towhidi, 2007). The objectives of the current study were to determine 1) the chemical composition, gross energy of the most consuming plant species from rangeland of Semnan province including Seidlitzia rosmarinu, Tamarix tetragyna, Tamarix strica, Halostachys spp, Saudea fruticosa., Alhagi camelorum, Haloxylon ammondendron., Salsola arbescola, Hammada salicornica and, 2) in vitro digestibility of the plants by camel rumen liquor.

Seasonal changes in the nutritive value of grass species in Spinifex pastures of Western Australia.

1988 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 60 ◽  
Author(s):  
AM Holm ◽  
RJ Allen
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Gulf Region ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
The Common ◽  
Exmouth Gulf

This study was undertaken to assess whether the nutritional quality of spinifex pasture lands is improved by buming to promote the growth of grasses other than spinifex. We selected two comparable sites in the Exmouth Gulf region of Western Australia; one had been bumt in late 1979 and the other had not been burnt for many years. On these sites we sampled the five grass species present, as well as Triodia pungens (soft spinifex) and Plectrachne >chinzii (Oat eared spinifex) on 10 occasions from March 1980 to April 1982. Plant parts were analysed for nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur content, and in vitro digestibility. None of the common grass species tested was more nutritious or more palatable than soft spinifex. It seems that little is gained from manipulating spinifex pastures through burning if the aim is to encourage alternative grass species. There is a need however for further studies into the importance of woody herbs and forbs in the nutrition of grazing animals on spinifex country and the effect of fire on these species.

Studies on the nutritive value of the diet selected by grazing sheep IV. Variation in the diet selected by sheep differing in age, breed, sex, strain and previous history

1969 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Langlands
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Previous History ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Faecal Nitrogen ◽  
Grazing Sheep ◽  
Grazing History

SUMMARYThe ability of two groups of six Merino wethers aged 6 and 66 months to digest a lucerne ration was examined in order to detect possible biases in the use of faecal nitrogen as a faecal index substance. Earlier work with this technique had indicated a difference in selectivity between young and older sheep. No difference in ability to digest the ration was observed and it was concluded that the earlier observation was not an artefact in the faecal nitrogen technique. Oesophageal fistulae were prepared in 120 sheep differing in breed, sex, age, strain and previous history. Determinations were made of the nitrogen content, and in one experiment of the in vitro digestibility of the diet selected by sheep grazing various pastures. Significant differences in the nitrogen content of the diet selected by sheep varying in breed, age and previous grazing history were recorded on some pastures on some occasions but not on others. No significant differences were observed between sheep varying in strain or sex. No reason could be suggested for the occasional differences between groups in the nitrogen content or digestibility of the diet selected, but it appeared unlikely that it would be a major source of variation in the productivity of the different groups at pasture.

The effect of frequency and time of cutting on the production and quality of a barley grass (Hordeum leporinum) dominant pasture

1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (29) ◽  
pp. 528 ◽  
Author(s):  
GE Robards ◽  
JH Leigh
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
New South ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Hordeum Leporinum ◽  
Main Component

A grazing experiment on a barley grass (Hordeum leporium Link) dominant pasture at Deniliquin, New South Wales, was carried out from May to November 1964. Monthly grazing of this pasture resulted in a greater dry matter yield of both green and total barley grass, and of crude protein, than when grazing occurred less frequently. The greatest stimulus to production was achieved when grazing occurred in August or September when the plants were approaching flowering. Rat's-tail fescue (Vulpia myuros (L.) K.C. Gmel), the other main component of the pasture, was not stimulated to greater total dry matter production by increasing the frequency of grazing. However, significantly more green fescue was harvested from areas grazed most frequently. The quality of both species, as estimated by nitrogen content and in vitro digestibility of barley grass and nitrogen content of fescue, was higher late in the season on the monthly grazed areas than on areas grazed less frequently.

scholarly journals IN-VITRO DIGESTIBILITTY OF BARLEY GRAINS TREATED WITH UREA: IN-VITRO STUDY

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tawfeeq & et al.
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Total Nitrogen Content ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Barley Grains ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

This study was conducted in a central laboratory of Agriculture College\ University of Baghdad, to study the effect of treated barley grains with urea as 1: 1 urea: barley grain (w:w) with or without heating on the in-vitro digestibility, total nitrogen content and releasing urea, the results showed a high significant increases (P<0.01) in total nitrogen content of treated barley grains with urea compared with non-treated, where it was 14.77% for barley soaked 24 hours with urea and 17.18% for barley- urea treated with heat and pressure in compared to 2.15% for untreated barley grains. There were continuity in urea production from barley grains soaked with urea for most times 0, 10, 20, 30, 60,120,180, and 240 minutes and a highly significant (P<0.01) compared to barley grains treated with urea. There were no significant differences in the in-vitro digestibility for concentrated rations when substituted treated barley grains with soya bean meal. In conclusion: we can use barley grains soaked with urea for ruminant feeding without side effects in contrast direct feeding of urea.

Variability in the chemical composition of cereal straws and in vitro digestibility with and without sodium hydroxide treatment

1979 ◽  
Vol 19 (98) ◽  
pp. 350 ◽  
Author(s):  
GR Pearce ◽  
J Beard ◽  
EP Hilliard
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Straw Quality ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Treatment

A total of 28 samples of wheat, oat and barley straws showed a wide range in concentration of nitrogen, ash, gross energy, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, residual ash, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium and phosphorus. Four straws that had suffered rain damage before collection ranged in in vitro organic matter digestibility from 25 to 34%, compared with 30 to 49% for the other straws; after treatment with 6 g NaOH per 100 g dry matter the ranges were 42 to 46% and 43 to 62%, respectively. The need to determine the effects of the various factors affecting straw quality is emphasized.

Influence of sward characteristics on grazing behaviour and growth of Hereford steers grazing tropical grass pastures

1978 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
EA Chacon ◽  
TH Stobbs ◽  
MB Dale
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Bite Size ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Digitaria Decumbens ◽  
Grazing Behaviour

Relationships between sward characteristics, grazing behaviour and growth of Hereford steers were studied on nitrogen-fertilized (378 kg ha-1 yr-1) Setaria anceps cv. Nandi and Digitaria decumbens swards continuously stocked at 4.3, 6.2 and 8.0 beasts ha-1 during five periods over 2 years. Availability of herbage, as measured by bite size, and nitrogen content and in vitro digestibility of herbage in the top of the swards were the two most important factors influencing the performance of steers. The relative importance of these factors varied between seasons, between stocking rate treatments and to a lesser extent between pasture species. The highest growth rates were measured on the leniently stocked pastures because steers were able to harvest feed easily (a large bite size) and could more readily select the more nutritious plant parts from the top of the sward. The swards were highly heterogeneous, and numerical analysis of data showed that at the same herbage yield, spatial distribution of herbage (leaf bulk density and leaf to stem ratio) and the nutritive value (in vitro digestibility and nitrogen content) of herbage greatly influenced the growth of steers. Cattle were unable to satisfy their feed requirements on some high quality but low-yielding swards, despite increasing grazing time to compensate for the small bites prehended (up to 707 min in 24 hr in spring). Consequently nitrogen and digestibility contents of extrusa samples were at times poor indicators of performance.

Summer forages under irrigation. 2. Forage composition

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 402 ◽  
Author(s):  
DK Muldoon
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Chloride Content ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Hydrocyanic Acid ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Whole Plants

Summer forages, including Sorghum bicolor hybrids, S. sudanense, S. bicolor x S. sudanense hybrids, perennial sorghum, maize and Pennisetum and Echinochloa millets, were grown on an alkaline clay soil at Trangie, New South Wales. Primary growth was sampled every 3 weeks and the plant components analysed for nitrogen, sulfur, sodium and in vitro dry matter digestibility. Whole plants were analysed for calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium and chloride content. Fresh leaf samples were analysed for potential hydrocyanic acid (HCN) yield. The quality attributes were regressed on time in order to describe accurately the quality of a forage at different times in its growth. Sorghum species, particularly the sweet sorghum hybrids and perennial sorghum, had high HCN potentials (0.15 and 0.14, respectively, at 8 weeks). They had low contents of sulfur, especially in the stem fraction and this decreased with time. Hence the nitrogen:sulfur ratio was always marginally high or, in sweet sorghum hybrids and perennial sorghum, above the recommended optimum of 15:1 for animal nutrition. Furthermore, they were deficient in sodium, particularly in the leaf fraction, while digestibility decreased rapidly with age. Nevertheless, Piper Sudangrass had a low HCN potential, which would allow it to be grazed early when digestibility was high (70% at 7 weeks). Maize had a negligible HCN potential, a nitrogen: sulfur ratio consistently below 15: 1 and a sodium content intermediate between sorghum and millet species. Millets had a negligible HCN potential and high sodium content, particularly Echinochloa utilis. This species also had a high sulfur content and hence very low nitrogen: sulfur ratio; it is recommended for early grazing to obtain high quality forage.

In vitro digestibility and neutral detergent fibre and lignin contents of plant parts of nine forage species

1998 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. WILMAN ◽  
P. REZVANI MOGHADDAM
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Fibre Content ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Chloris Gayana

In order to understand better some of the reasons for differences between forage plant species in digestibility, different parts of nine plant species in either milled or chopped (1 cm lengths) form were examined for in vitro digestibility and in milled form for neutral detergent fibre and lignin. The nine species were: Trifolium repens L., Medicago sativa L., Desmodium intortum (Mill.) Urb., Brassica napus L., Lolium perenne L., Festuca arundinacea Schreb., Chloris gayana Kunth, Cenchrus ciliaris L. and Zea mays L. In each case early harvesting was compared with later harvesting in each of two years. The plants were grown in spring–summer in a heated glasshouse.The forage at the early harvest was, on average, 1–4% units more digestible in vitro than that at the later harvest and generally slightly lower in lignin and neutral detergent fibre content. However, the stems of Z. mays were higher in neutral detergent fibre at the early than at the later harvest.The leaf sheaths of L. perenne and F. arundinacea were more digestible than the leaf blades. L. perenne was more digestible than F. arundinacea in both sheaths and blades. The sheaths and blades of C. gayana and C. ciliaris were less digestible and had a higher neutral detergent fibre content than those of L. perenne and F. arundinacea. The leaf blades, excluding the midribs, and the stems and leaf sheaths of Z. mays were all rather high in digestibility when milled and moderately low in neutral detergent fibre and lignin; the leaf blade midribs of Z. mays were less digestible and higher in neutral detergent fibre than the stems and similar to the stems in lignin content. The leaflets of T. repens had an appreciably lower neutral detergent fibre content than the stolons and petioles and a rather lower lignin content in dry matter and yet were, if anything, less digestible than the stolons and petioles. The stolons of T. repens were much more digestible than the stems of M. sativa and D. intortum. The digestibility of D. intortum was low in all the plant parts examined, leaflets, petioles and stems. In both D. intortum and B. napus, the leaflets or leaf blades were much lower than the stems in neutral detergent fibre and lignin and yet they were no more digestible than the stems when milled.The digestibility of chopped leaflets and leaf blades was similar to that of milled leaflets and leaf blades, but chopping rather than milling reduced the digestibility of stems (particularly of those of Z. mays), petioles, the leaf blade midribs of Z. mays, and, to some extent, leaf sheaths.

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