Variability in the chemical composition of cereal straws and in vitro digestibility with and without sodium hydroxide treatment

1979 ◽  
Vol 19 (98) ◽  
pp. 350 ◽  
Author(s):  
GR Pearce ◽  
J Beard ◽  
EP Hilliard
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Straw Quality ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Treatment

A total of 28 samples of wheat, oat and barley straws showed a wide range in concentration of nitrogen, ash, gross energy, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, residual ash, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium and phosphorus. Four straws that had suffered rain damage before collection ranged in in vitro organic matter digestibility from 25 to 34%, compared with 30 to 49% for the other straws; after treatment with 6 g NaOH per 100 g dry matter the ranges were 42 to 46% and 43 to 62%, respectively. The need to determine the effects of the various factors affecting straw quality is emphasized.

Effects of variety, fertilizer nitrogen and sowing date on in vitro digestibility and botanical fractions of oat straw

1997 ◽  
Vol 1997 ◽  
pp. 74-74
Author(s):  
M.R. Islam ◽  
E. Owen ◽  
D.I. Givens ◽  
A.R. Moss
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Fertilizer Nitrogen ◽  
Straw Quality ◽  
Oat Straw ◽  
A Site

Islam et al. (1996) reported effects of variety, fertilizer nitrogen (N) and sowing date on the botanical fractions of straw from oats grown at one site in NE England (ADAS High Mowthorpe). The present study investigated the effect of the same factors on straw quality from oats grown at a site in the SW Midlands (ADAS Rosemaund). Treatment effects on both botanical fractions and in vitro digestibility were measured, and the relationships between botanical composition and in vitro digestibility were investigated.

Chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of nine plant species from Semnan rangeland for camel in Iran

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 233-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armin Towhidi ◽  
Farnoush Rostami ◽  
Reza Masoumi
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Arid Rangelands

In Iran, Javan (2001) has reported the digestibility some arid rangelands plants by bovine rumen liquor. The determination of in vivo digestibility of wheat straw implies that camel apparently digested poor quality roughages more than cattle and sheep (Cianci et al., 2004). Therefore, It is required to measure the in vitro digestibility of herbages by camel rumen liquor. In province of yazd, nutritive value of 11 different plant species for camel were determined (Towhidi, 2007). The objectives of the current study were to determine 1) the chemical composition, gross energy of the most consuming plant species from rangeland of Semnan province including Seidlitzia rosmarinu, Tamarix tetragyna, Tamarix strica, Halostachys spp, Saudea fruticosa., Alhagi camelorum, Haloxylon ammondendron., Salsola arbescola, Hammada salicornica and, 2) in vitro digestibility of the plants by camel rumen liquor.

scholarly journals Protein enrichment of cactus pear (Opuntia ficus - indica Mill) using Saccharomyces cerevisiae in solid-state fermentation

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (spe) ◽  
pp. 161-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lúcia de Fátima Araújo ◽  
Ariosvaldo Nunes Medeiros ◽  
Américo Perazzo Neto ◽  
Líbia de Sousa Conrado Oliveira ◽  
Flávio Luiz Honorato da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Solid Medium ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Cactus Pear ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Gross Energy

The microbial protein bioconversion of cactus pear by yeast in solid medium was studied. Three cultivation variables used were: inoculum's concentrations (5, 10 and 15 %), substrate layer thickness (2, 4 and 6 cm) and temperature (30, 34 and 38 ºC). The rate of dry matter production and total protein were determined. Results obtained were variance analysis, gross energy and in vitro dry matter digestibility. The maximum protein amount achieved for the conditions studied in the present work was higher than 26 %, which was compatible or greater than those of conventional concentrates of protein supplements used for animal feed. The protein concentrate of cactus pear had a higher in vitro digestibility index (95.8 %) and did not show any changes in the gross energy value when compared to that of the cactus pear in natura.

scholarly journals In vitro techniques for the assessment of the nutritive value of feed grains for pigs: a review

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Moughan
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
In Vitro Techniques ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Plant Fibre ◽  
Gross Energy

The philosophy inherent in developing in vitro digestibility assays for dietary energy and protein is reviewed and an historical account is given of the development of such assays for the pig. General principles to be considered in the development of in vitro digestibility assays are discussed, as are limitations of the in vitro approach. The importance of choosing the most appropriate in vivo measures of digestibility for the evaluation of in vitro assays is stressed. For protein sources that do not contain anti-nutritional factors or plant fibre, ‘true’ ileal digestibility should be the in vivo baseline, while plant proteins should be tested against ‘real’ ileal digestibility. There is a dearth of adequately conducted validation studies for in vitro digestibility assays. It appears that the 3-step (pepsin, pancreatin, Viscozyme) closed in vitro system to allow prediction of organic matter and gross energy digestibility in the pig has particular promise for practical feed evaluation. Similarly based protein digestibility assays may require further development before they can be applied with confidence.

In-vitro Digestibility Methods and Factors Affecting Minerals Bioavailability: A Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Marius Affonfere ◽  
Flora Josiane Chadare ◽  
Finagnon Toyi Kévin Fassinou ◽  
Anita Rachel Linnemann ◽  
Kwaku Gyebi Duodu
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Factors Affecting

scholarly journals Nutritional composition, gross energy concentration, and in vitro digestibility of dry matter in 46 sources of bakery meals

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (11) ◽  
pp. 4685-4692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanhong Liu ◽  
Rajesh Jha ◽  
Hans H Stein ◽  
S A Adedokun ◽  
O Adeola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Energy Concentration ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Gross Energy

Seasonal variation in in vitro digestibility and chemical composition of a range of alpine plants, from Victoria, Australia.

1984 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rees H van ◽  
JA Beard
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Alpine Plant ◽  
North East ◽  
Sufficient Energy ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
The Common

Seasonal trends in in vitro digestibility, nitrogen, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium and sodium content were assessed for 10 alpine plant species, during the summer months of 1981182, on an alpine range in north-east Victoria, Australia. In March, 1983, at the end of an unusually dry summer the same species were tested for in vitro digestibility and nitrogen content. In vitro digestibility and nitrogen content of the alpine plant species sampled were estimated to be sufficient for lactating pregnant cattle during December and January. Towards the end of the grazing season, from late February until late March, the in vitro digestibility and nitrogen content of some of the common alpine species had declined to a point where they were too low to provide cattle with sufficient energy and protein. In general, the level of the macro-element content of the plants, as sampled, was inadequate for optimum animal production throughout the season.

Rumen methanogens, and inhibition of methanogenesis

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 1293 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Normal Component ◽  
Distinct Group ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
Enhanced Production ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Strong Inverse Relationship

Methane-producing archaea (known as methanogens) are a distinct group of organisms which are a normal component of the rumen microbial ecosystem. Hydrogen and carbon dioxide are the principal substrates used by rumen methanogens to produce methane (CH4). Because hydrogen and formate are products of fermentation by other microorganisms in the rumen, inhibition of fermentation by other members of the rumen microbial population may in turn inhibit methanogenesis. As well, compounds that inhibit the activity of methanogens directly are likely to reduce or eliminate CH4 production. A strong inverse relationship between the molar proportion of propionate and CH4 production is predicted from knowledge of the interactions among microbial populations in the rumen, and compounds that promote greater production of propionate in the rumen may also have the effect of decreasing CH4 production. Although a wide range of ionophores, antibiotics, and other compounds have been evaluated in vivo and in vitro for their influence on rumen microbial populations and on propionate production, re-evaluation of some of these has been prompted by a search for compounds that both enhance propionate production and decrease production. Where there is a focus on CH4 production by livestock, interest necessarily is in the total amount of CH4 produced per day as a proportion of gross energy intake (%GEI) and its relationship with animal productivity. Because enhanced production of propionate in the rumen also can be associated with an increase in the flow of microbial protein from the rumen, evaluation or re-evaluation of compounds that may be effective in reducing methane production should also include evaluation of the effects on animal productivity, and appropriate approaches are discussed.

In vitro digestibility of forages supplemented with cellulose (filter paper) and branched-chain fatty acids or amino acids

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 1149-1158 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Mir ◽  
Z. Mir ◽  
B. M. Pink
Keyword(s):  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Original Material ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Barley Silage

In vitro studies were conducted to determine dry matter (DM) digestibility of filter paper (FP), alfalfa hay (AA), corn silage (CS) and barley silage (BS) containing (as percent of DM) 0, 20 and 40% of FP and 0, 2 and 4% of either isoleucine (ILE) for CS, BS and FP, or its metabolite 2-methyl butyric acid (2MB) for AA. Digestibility of acid detergent fibre (ADF) of AA, CS and FP and of combinations of these forages with FP was determined. Digestibility of DM was determined after incubation with rumen fluid only or employing the two-stage Tilley and Terry technique. ADF digestibility was calculated after determining ADF in the original material and the residue after incubation for DM digestibility. Inclusion of FP increased (P < 0.05) digestibility of DM and ADF from 57.3 and 42.0 to 73.9 and 76.9% for AA and from 71.7 and 64.8 to 79.3 and 81.7% for CS, respectively. DM digestibility of BS increased (P < 0.05) from 65.7 to 74.6%. Addition of ILE to FP resulted in a quadratic (P < 0.05) increase in DM and ADF digestibility from 43.7 to 55.4 to 52.0% and from 47.4 to 55.1 and to 60.4%, respectively. Microbial protein produced after incubation with rumen fluid of all the forages and forage-FP combinations was determined using cytosine as a marker. Cytosine was determined in the incubated material and in the centrifugate. Increases in microbial protein production after addition of cellulose were noted for AA only. Key words: In vitro digestibility, forages, filter paper, isoleucine, 2-methyl butyric acid, cytosine, microbial protein

FACTORS AFFECTING THE INCORPORATION OF RADIOACTIVE PHOSPHATE INTO THE PHOSPHOLIPIDS OF SLICES OF CAT BRAIN

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. P. Strickland
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Brain Slices ◽  
Phospholipid Fraction ◽  
Metabolic Inhibitors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cat Brain

Slices of cat brain respiring in a Krebs–Ringer bicarbonate medium were found to incorporate radioactive inorganic phosphate (P32) into the phospholipid fraction. The addition of glucose or mannose increased the incorporation of P32 into the phospholipids. Fructose caused a small increase, whereas galactose was without effect. Pyruvate and lactate increased the incorporation of P32 into the phospholipids. Succinate, L (+)-glutamate, D (−)-glutamate, α keto-glutarate, citrate, and L-malate failed to support the incorporation.Anaerobic conditions and homogenization of the tissue prevented the in vitro incorporation of P32 into the phospholipids of cat brain. A wide range of metabolic inhibitors (cyanide, azide, malononitrile, chloretone, nembutal, iodoacetate, and fluoride), in concentrations that inhibit the oxygen consumption of brain slices, inhibited the incorporation. The incorporation was also inhibited by 2,4-dinitrophenol in concentrations that do not decrease the oxygen consumption of brain slices.These findings indicated that the incorporation of P32 into the phospholipids of slices of cat brain is a metabolic phenomenon and is dependent upon the maintenance of an adequate phosphorylating mechanism within the slice.

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