A Portable Field Burner to Simulate Natural Fire Conditions.

1978 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 197 ◽  
Author(s):  
JH Leigh ◽  
BC Bautovich ◽  
MD Holgate
Keyword(s):  
Natural Fire ◽  
Fire Conditions

scholarly journals Post-Fire Susceptibility to Brittle Fracture of Selected Steel Grades Used in Construction Industry—Assessment Based on the Instrumented Impact Test

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 3922
Author(s):  
Mariusz Maslak ◽  
Michal Pazdanowski ◽  
Marek Stankiewicz ◽  
Paulina Zajdel
Keyword(s):  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Water Mist ◽  
Heating Regime ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Slow Cooling ◽  
Natural Fire ◽  
Development Scenarios ◽  
Steel Grades ◽  
Fire Conditions

The change in the value of the breaking energy is discussed here for selected steel grades used in building structures after subjecting the samples made of them to episodes of heating in the steady-state heating regime and then cooling in simulated fire conditions. These changes were recorded based on the instrumented Charpy impact tests, in relation to the material initial state. The S355J2+N, 1H18N9T steels and also X2CrNiMoN22-5-3 duplex steel were selected for detailed analysis. The fire conditions were modelled experimentally by heating the samples and then keeping them for a specified time at a constant temperature of: 600 °C (first series) and 800 °C (second series), respectively. Two alternative cooling variants were investigated in the experiment: slow cooling of the samples in the furnace, simulating the natural fire progress, without any external extinguishing action and cooling in water mist simulating an extinguishing action by a fire brigade. The temperature of the tested samples was set at the level of −20 °C and alternatively at the level of +20 °C. The conducted analysis is aimed at assessing the risk of sudden, catastrophic fracture of load-bearing structure made of steel degraded as a result of a fire that occurred previously with different development scenarios.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF COMPOSITE BUILDINGS UNDER FIRE CONDITIONS

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuyuan Lin ◽  
Zhaohui Huang ◽  
Mizi Fan
Keyword(s):  
Composite Structures ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Membrane Action ◽  
Natural Fire ◽  
End Plate ◽  
Floor Slabs ◽  
Support Conditions ◽  
Plate Connections ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fire Conditions

In this paper, the performances of a generic three dimensional 45m x 45m composite floor subjected to ISO834 Fire and Natural Fire are investigated. The influences of reinforcing steel mesh and vertical support conditions on the tensile membrane action of floor slabs are investigated in details. Two robust 2-node connection element models developed by the authors are used to model the behaviour of end-plate and partial end-plate connections of composite structures under fire conditions. The impact of connections on the 3D behaviour of composite floor is considered. Based on the results obtained, some design recommendations are proposed to enhance the fire safety design of composite buildings.

scholarly journals Development of natural fire prevention method based on remote sensing data: case study of Krasnoyarsk region forests

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 340-354
Author(s):  
Almaz Gizatullin
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Fire Danger ◽  
Fire Prevention ◽  
Natural Fire ◽  
Sensing Data ◽  
Krasnoyarsk Region ◽  
Prevention Method ◽  
Fire Conditions

The stages of development of natural fire prevention method based on remote sensing data were considered. The case study is focused on Krasnoyarsk region forests. There was a rationale for selecting a study area on the basis of statistical fire data (FIRMS thermal hot spots 2016–2018) and a variety of fire conditions. The fire assessment was founded on the most informative fire factors—surface temperature, vegetation cover inhomogenuity and man-made load, which are derived by the natural-fire characteristics of the territory. These factors were evaluated by measuring parameters closed to them, respectively—radiobrightness temperature based on thermal emission, vegetation index NDVI and integral indicator of distance to settlements and roads. Materials from the Terra/Aqua, Sentinel-3, Landsat-8, Sentinel-2 satellites and Open Street Maps vector map layers were used as data sources. With use of statistical data, the relationship between above parameters and the present fire danger of Krasnoyarsk region was analyzed. Based on the results, we obtained different by forest rayon and fire season month correlation coefficients that described the contribution of individual factors to a fire danger, and threshold values of parameters for preventing fires. Then a sequence of stages of analytical and synthetic fire danger assessment as a study method was built. Validation of the method was performed in the most fire dangerous and representative in terms of fire conditions area in the south-west of the Krasnoyarsk Territory from April 1 to May 10, 2019. It showed sufficient accuracy (65 %) and reliability (58 %) of fire forecast.

scholarly journals Post-Fire Susceptibility to Brittle Fracture of Selected Steel Grades Used in Construction Industry – Assessment Based on the Instrumented Impact Test

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariusz Maslak ◽  
Michal Pazdanowski ◽  
Marek Stankiewicz ◽  
Paulina Zajdel
Keyword(s):  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Water Mist ◽  
Heating Regime ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Slow Cooling ◽  
Natural Fire ◽  
Development Scenarios ◽  
Steel Grades ◽  
Fire Conditions

The change in the value of the breaking energy is discussed here for selected steel grades used in building structures after subjecting the samples made of them to episodes of heating in the steady-state heating regime and then cooling in a simulated fire conditions. These changes were recorded based on the instrumented Charpy impact tests, in relation to the material initial state. The S355J2+N, 1H18N9T steels and also X2CrNiMoN22-5-3 duplex steel were selected for detailed analysis. The fire conditions were modelled experimentally by heating the samples and then keeping them for a specified time at a constant temperature of: 600°C (first series) and 800°C (second series), respectively. Two alternative cooling variants were investigated in the experiment: slow cooling of the samples in the furnace, simulating the natural fire progress, without any external extinguishing action, and cooling them in water mist simulating an extinguishing action by a fire brigade. The temperature of the tested samples was set at the level -20oC and alternatively at the level + 20oC. The conducted analysis is aimed at assessing the risk of sudden, catastrophic fracture of load-bearing structure made of steel degraded as a result of a fire previously occurred with different development scenarios.

A numerical study of gypsum plasterboard behaviour under standard and natural fire conditions

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Hopkin ◽  
T. Lennon ◽  
J. El-Rimawi ◽  
V. V. Silberschmidt
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Study ◽  
Natural Fire ◽  
Fire Conditions

scholarly journals Behaviour of Grade 8.8 bolts under natural fire conditions—Tests and model

2011 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 1292-1298 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Hanus ◽  
G. Zilli ◽  
J.-M. Franssen
Keyword(s):  
Natural Fire ◽  
Fire Conditions

Thermo-Mechanical Behavior of Steel-Concrete Composite Columns under Natural Fire Including Heating and Cooling Phases

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 221-240
Author(s):  
Soumia Sekkiou ◽  
Noureddine Lahbari ◽  
Fabrice Bernard ◽  
Mohamed Salah Dimia
Keyword(s):  
Fire Behavior ◽  
Steel Tube ◽  
Concrete Cover ◽  
Reinforcement Ratio ◽  
Natural Fire ◽  
Hollow Section ◽  
Standard Fire ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Cooling Phase ◽  
Fire Conditions

The fire behavior of concrete filled hollow steel sections has been studied extensively in various countries. Almost all essential parameters influencing their resistance have been identified: section shape and dimensions, concrete filling, reinforcement ratio, steel tube thickness, column slenderness, thermal and mechanical properties of steel and concrete, and even the contact problem at the steel-concrete interface. Most of these works were done under standard fire conditions (ISO), which are represented by a continuously increasing temperature over time. It is thus not really a curve reflecting a natural fire which includes not only a heating phase but also a cooling phase during which the temperature of the fire is decreasing back to ambient temperature.In this paper, the behavior of axially loaded concrete filled square hollow section columns subjected to natural fire conditions has been studied. The main objectives of this study are: first, to demonstrate the phenomenon of delayed collapse of this type of columns during or after the cooling phase of a fire, and then study the influence of certain determinant parameters, such as section size, tube thickness, reinforcement ratio, concrete cover and column length.The results show that delayed failures occur for massive sections, small values of the thickness of the steel tube and for the low-slendernes.

Multi-Storey Steel-Framed Buildings under Natural Fire Conditions

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Both ◽  
J. H. H. Fellinger ◽  
G. Van Den Berg ◽  
L. Twilt
Keyword(s):  
Natural Fire ◽  
Fire Conditions

scholarly journals Effect of Fire Temperature and Exposure Time on High-Strength Steel Bolts Microstructure and Residual Mechanical Properties

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3116
Author(s):  
Paweł Artur Król ◽  
Marcin Wachowski
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Natural Fire ◽  
Xrd Phase Analysis ◽  
Steel Bolts ◽  
Cooling Methods ◽  
Fire Conditions

In this study, the influence of different fire conditions on tempered 32CrB3 steel bolts of Grade 8.8 was investigated. In this research different temperatures, heating time, and cooling methods were correlated with the microstructure, hardness, and residual strength of the bolts. Chosen parameters of heat treatments correspond to simulated natural fire conditions that may occur in public facilities. Heat treated and unheated samples cut out from a series of tested bolts were subjected to microstructural tests using light microscopy (LM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), XRD phase analysis, and the quantitative analysis of the microstructure. The results of the microstructure tests were compared with the results of strength tests, including hardness and the ultimate residual tensile strength of the material (UTS) in the initial state and after the heat treatments. Results of the investigations revealed considerable microstructural changes in the bolt material as a result of exposing it to different fire conditions and cooling methods. A conducted comparative analysis also showed a significant effect of all such factors as the temperature level of the simulated fire, its duration, and the fire-fighting method on the mechanical properties of the bolts.

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