Fire Performance Of Timber Structures Under Natural Fire Conditions

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 279-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Frangi ◽  
M. Fontana
Keyword(s):  
Timber Structures ◽  
Fire Performance ◽  
Natural Fire ◽  
Fire Conditions

scholarly journals Post-Fire Susceptibility to Brittle Fracture of Selected Steel Grades Used in Construction Industry—Assessment Based on the Instrumented Impact Test

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 3922
Author(s):  
Mariusz Maslak ◽  
Michal Pazdanowski ◽  
Marek Stankiewicz ◽  
Paulina Zajdel
Keyword(s):  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Water Mist ◽  
Heating Regime ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Slow Cooling ◽  
Natural Fire ◽  
Development Scenarios ◽  
Steel Grades ◽  
Fire Conditions

The change in the value of the breaking energy is discussed here for selected steel grades used in building structures after subjecting the samples made of them to episodes of heating in the steady-state heating regime and then cooling in simulated fire conditions. These changes were recorded based on the instrumented Charpy impact tests, in relation to the material initial state. The S355J2+N, 1H18N9T steels and also X2CrNiMoN22-5-3 duplex steel were selected for detailed analysis. The fire conditions were modelled experimentally by heating the samples and then keeping them for a specified time at a constant temperature of: 600 °C (first series) and 800 °C (second series), respectively. Two alternative cooling variants were investigated in the experiment: slow cooling of the samples in the furnace, simulating the natural fire progress, without any external extinguishing action and cooling in water mist simulating an extinguishing action by a fire brigade. The temperature of the tested samples was set at the level of −20 °C and alternatively at the level of +20 °C. The conducted analysis is aimed at assessing the risk of sudden, catastrophic fracture of load-bearing structure made of steel degraded as a result of a fire that occurred previously with different development scenarios.

Innovative strategies for enhancing fire performance of high-strength concrete structures

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 1723-1732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkatesh KR Kodur
Keyword(s):  
High Strength Concrete ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Structural Members ◽  
Fire Performance ◽  
Normal Strength Concrete ◽  
Innovative Strategies ◽  
Strength Concrete ◽  
Normal Strength ◽  
Fire Conditions

High-strength concrete is being increasingly used in a number of building applications, where structural fire safety is one of the primary design considerations. Many research studies clearly indicate that the fire performance of high-strength concrete is different from that of normal-strength concrete and that high-strength concrete may not exhibit same level of performance as normal-strength concrete under fire conditions. This article outlines key characteristics that influence the performance of high-strength concrete structural members under fire conditions. Data generated in previous experimental and numerical studies are utilized to illustrate various factors that influence fire performance of high-strength concrete structural members. Based on the published data, observations and trends on the behavior of high-strength concrete members, innovative strategies for mitigating spalling and enhancing fire resistance of high-strength concrete structural members are proposed.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF COMPOSITE BUILDINGS UNDER FIRE CONDITIONS

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuyuan Lin ◽  
Zhaohui Huang ◽  
Mizi Fan
Keyword(s):  
Composite Structures ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Membrane Action ◽  
Natural Fire ◽  
End Plate ◽  
Floor Slabs ◽  
Support Conditions ◽  
Plate Connections ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fire Conditions

In this paper, the performances of a generic three dimensional 45m x 45m composite floor subjected to ISO834 Fire and Natural Fire are investigated. The influences of reinforcing steel mesh and vertical support conditions on the tensile membrane action of floor slabs are investigated in details. Two robust 2-node connection element models developed by the authors are used to model the behaviour of end-plate and partial end-plate connections of composite structures under fire conditions. The impact of connections on the 3D behaviour of composite floor is considered. Based on the results obtained, some design recommendations are proposed to enhance the fire safety design of composite buildings.

scholarly journals TESTS ON 10.9 BOLTS UNDER COMBINED TENSION AND SHEAR DURING AND AFTER FIRE

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne K. Kawohl ◽  
Jörg Lange
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Preliminary Test ◽  
Test Series ◽  
Fire Performance ◽  
Load Bearing Capacity ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Fire Conditions

Prior investigations of the load bearing capacity of bolts during fire have shown differing behaviour between bolts that were loaded by shear or by tensile loads. The interaction of the two loads has not yet been examined under fire conditions. This paper describes a preliminary test series on the post-fire performance of high-strength bolts of the property class 10.9 under combined tension and shear. The results show that how the bolt is loaded influences the load bearing capacity. It is assumed that this is also true at elevated temperatures. Further, atest set-up for experiments at elevated temperatures and a more detailed test series on the post-fire performance under combined tension and shear is presented.

scholarly journals Development of natural fire prevention method based on remote sensing data: case study of Krasnoyarsk region forests

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 340-354
Author(s):  
Almaz Gizatullin
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Fire Danger ◽  
Fire Prevention ◽  
Natural Fire ◽  
Sensing Data ◽  
Krasnoyarsk Region ◽  
Prevention Method ◽  
Fire Conditions

The stages of development of natural fire prevention method based on remote sensing data were considered. The case study is focused on Krasnoyarsk region forests. There was a rationale for selecting a study area on the basis of statistical fire data (FIRMS thermal hot spots 2016–2018) and a variety of fire conditions. The fire assessment was founded on the most informative fire factors—surface temperature, vegetation cover inhomogenuity and man-made load, which are derived by the natural-fire characteristics of the territory. These factors were evaluated by measuring parameters closed to them, respectively—radiobrightness temperature based on thermal emission, vegetation index NDVI and integral indicator of distance to settlements and roads. Materials from the Terra/Aqua, Sentinel-3, Landsat-8, Sentinel-2 satellites and Open Street Maps vector map layers were used as data sources. With use of statistical data, the relationship between above parameters and the present fire danger of Krasnoyarsk region was analyzed. Based on the results, we obtained different by forest rayon and fire season month correlation coefficients that described the contribution of individual factors to a fire danger, and threshold values of parameters for preventing fires. Then a sequence of stages of analytical and synthetic fire danger assessment as a study method was built. Validation of the method was performed in the most fire dangerous and representative in terms of fire conditions area in the south-west of the Krasnoyarsk Territory from April 1 to May 10, 2019. It showed sufficient accuracy (65 %) and reliability (58 %) of fire forecast.

Glass fibre to enhance the fire performance of engineered timber structures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Schmidt ◽  
Rory M. Hadden ◽  
José L. Torero ◽  
Dilum Fernando
Keyword(s):  
Glass Fibre ◽  
Timber Structures ◽  
Fire Performance

Review of large-scale fire tests on cross-laminated timber

2021 ◽  
pp. 073490412110344
Author(s):  
Gerard Ronquillo ◽  
Danny Hopkin ◽  
Michael Spearpoint
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Internal Surface ◽  
Fire Tests ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Fire Performance ◽  
Natural Fire ◽  
Cross Laminated Timber ◽  
Residential Context ◽  
Guidance Documents ◽  
Large Scale Tests

Concerns about the environmental impact of building construction is leading to timber being more commonly used. However, it often faces scepticism regarding its safety in the event of fire. This article provides a point of reference on the fire performance of cross-laminated timber through a review of large-scale tests. Although adequately protecting CLT can make its contribution to fire insignificant, some of the internal surface of an enclosure can be exposed whilst still achieving adequate fire performance. Natural fire tests show that the charring rate and zero-strength layer thickness are higher than commonly used in guidance documents. The type of adhesive used to bond lamellae influences performance where delamination can lead to secondary flashovers, particularly in smaller enclosures. Structural elements can potentially collapse without self-extinction and/or suppression intervention. Tests to date have focussed on a residential context and knowledge gaps remain regarding larger enclosures, such as office-type buildings.

Thermal Performance of Load Bearing Cold-formed Steel Walls under Fire Conditions using Numerical Studies

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poologanathan Keerthan ◽  
Mahen Mahendran
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Thermal Behaviour ◽  
Finite Element Models ◽  
Fire Performance ◽  
Wall Panel ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Design Fire ◽  
Numerical Studies ◽  
Wall Panels ◽  
Fire Conditions

Cold-formed Light gauge Steel Frame (LSF) wall systems are increasingly used in low-rise and multi-storey buildings and hence their fire safety has become important in the design of buildings. A composite LSF wall panel system was developed recently, where a thin insulation was sandwiched between two plasterboards to improve the fire performance of LSF walls. Many experimental and numerical studies have been undertaken to investigate the fire performance of non-load bearing LSF wall under standard conditions. However, only limited research has been undertaken to investigate the fire performance of load bearing LSF walls under standard and realistic design fire conditions. Therefore in this research, finite element thermal models of both the conventional load bearing LSF wall panels with cavity insulation and the innovative LSF composite wall panel were developed to simulate their thermal behaviour under standard and realistic design fire conditions. Suitable thermal properties were proposed for plasterboards and insulations based on laboratory tests and available literature. The developed models were then validated by comparing their results with available fire test results of load bearing LSF wall. This paper presents the details of the developed finite element models of load bearing LSF wall panels and the thermal analysis results. It shows that finite element models can be used to simulate the thermal behaviour of load bearing LSF walls with varying configurations of insulations and plasterboards. Failure times of load bearing LSF walls were also predicted based on the results from finite element thermal analyses. Finite element analysis results show that the use of cavity insulation was detrimental to the fire rating of LSF walls while the use of external insulation offered superior thermal protection to them. Effects of realistic design fire conditions are also presented in this paper.

scholarly journals RELIABILITY OF TIMBER STRUCTURES EXPOSED TO FIRE

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mislav Stepinac ◽  
Vlatka Rajčić
Keyword(s):  
Composite Structures ◽  
Limit State ◽  
Timber Structures ◽  
Iso Standard ◽  
Natural Fire ◽  
Glulam Beam ◽  
Standard Curve ◽  
In Fire ◽  
Fire Design ◽  
State Functions

<p>Until recently, the fire resistance of buildings was based on the ISO standard curve. ISO standard curve used by the current norm is too simple, unrealistic and lead to uneconomic situations with no guarantee of security proportional to the invested money. Unlike the fire design of the steel, concrete or composite structures, methods for fire design of timber structures have been greatly simplified. Generally, it is not necessary to check the reduction of strength in the residual section because each increase of temperature is considered small and it is ignored. Global fire safety concept of timber structures is presented according to the recommendations from Eurocode norms. Special attention was given to natural fire design with two different methods of parametric exposure which are given in EN1995-1-2.</p>This paper presents reliability analysis of a glulam beam in a case of fire. The limit-state functions for maximum bending stress of glulam beam in fire conditions are formed. Reliability indexes are obtained from the limit state of the beam exposed to 30 min fire. Reliability index in the Eurocodes (reliability class RC2) compared to the calculated reliability indexes obtained by the methods of reduced strength and effective section were described.

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