The morphological characteristics and germination of grassland forb species after simulated digestion by sheep in the Tianshan Mountains, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 415
Author(s):  
Z. B. Che ◽  
S. L. Wang ◽  
W. H. Lu ◽  
S. F. Jin ◽  
Y. S. Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Mass ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Shape Index ◽  
Tianshan Mountains ◽  
The Other ◽  
Digestion Time ◽  
Seed Shape ◽  
Tulipa Gesneriana ◽  
Simulated Digestion ◽  
Dispersal Mechanism

Viable seeds from dry-fruited forbs growing in the Tianshan Mountains of China are often found in livestock dung. However, the effect of ingestion on their morphological characteristics and germination remains unclear. This research assessed the germination of 15 forbs after simulated ingestion (insertion through a rumen fistula) by Kazakh sheep. Seed accessory structures (such as wings, trichomes and mucilage) were digested. Seed length, width and thickness were negatively correlated with digestion time, and 100-seed mass was negatively (but not significantly) correlated with digestion time. The means of seed morphological traits (except for the seed shape index) and germination generally decreased. Germination was negatively correlated with digestion time. Germination of Rumex acetosa, Leontice incerta and Lonicera hispida initially increased and then decreased with increased digestion time, while germination of the other 12 seeds all significantly decreased with increased digestion time. Germination of Plantago depressa, Alyssum desertorum, Lachnoloma lehmannii, Tulipa gesneriana, Tauscheria lasiocarpa and Calligonum rubicundum decreased to zero after 24h digestion, whereas the other nine seeds still had some level of vigour. Seeds of several forbs survived rumen digestion, indicating the potential for endozoochorous seed dispersal, a dispersal mechanism known to enhance survival in dynamic and harsh desert habitats.

scholarly journals Recovery and germination of seeds after passage through the gut of Kazakh sheep on the north slope of the Tianshan Mountains

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shulin Wang ◽  
Weihua Lu ◽  
Narkes Waly ◽  
Chunhui Ma ◽  
Qianbing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Passage Time ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Tianshan Mountains ◽  
Seed Shape ◽  
Leguminous Species ◽  
Recovery Percentage ◽  
Gramineous Species

AbstractEndozoochorous dispersal of seeds by livestock has long attracted the attention of grassland scientists. However, little is known about seed dispersal after ingestion by Kazakh sheep on dry grasslands in the Tianshan Mountains. The objective of this experiment was to learn more about the recovery and germinability of seeds from 17 plant species after either actual or simulated ingestion (i.e. insertion through a rumen fistula) by Kazakh sheep. The passage time of seeds through the sheep gut ranged from 12 to 96 h. More than 80% of all recovered seeds were defecated 24–48 h after ingestion. The mean retention time of seeds in the gut ranged from 27.3 to 42.2 h. Seed recovery percentage ranged between 12.6 and 17.6% for leguminous species and between 0.8 and 3.2% for gramineous species. Seed recovery percentage was positively correlated with seed mass, but negatively correlated with seed shape. The germination percentages of the gramineous species were greater in the non-ingested treatment (66–98%) than in the simulated ingestion treatment (3–10%). In contrast, for leguminous species, seed germination percentages were greater in the simulated ingestion treatment (23–70%) than in the non-ingested one (5–12%). Seed germination percentage after simulated ingestion was positively correlated with seed mass, but negatively correlated with seed shape. In conclusion, leguminous seeds were more likely than gramineous ones to pass through the gut of Kazakh sheep and then germinate. Free-ranging Kazakh sheep can contribute to the spread of plant species, especially leguminous species, in the Tianshan Mountains.

RHYNCHOLITES AND THE PROBLEM OF NARROW AND BROAD CONCEPTION OF TAXONS

2018 ◽  
pp. 12-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. R. Khuzina ◽  
V. N. Komarov
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Mass Scale ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Artificial System ◽  
Broad Understanding

The paper considers a point of view, based on the conception of the broad understanding of taxons. According to this point of view, rhyncholites of the subgenus Dentatobeccus and Microbeccus are accepted to be synonymous with the genus Rhynchoteuthis, and subgenus Romanovichella is considered to be synonymous with the genus Palaeoteuthis. The criteria, exercising influence on the different approaches to the classification of rhyncholites, have been analyzed (such as age and individual variability, sexual dimorphism, pathological and teratological features, degree of disintegration of material), underestimation of which can lead to inaccuracy. Divestment of the subgenuses Dentatobeccus, Microbeccus and Romanovichella, possessing very bright morphological characteristics, to have an independent status and denomination to their synonyms, has been noted to be unjustified. An artificial system (any suggested variant) with all its minuses is a single probable system for rhyncholites. The main criteria, minimizing its negative sides and proving the separation of the new taxon, is an available mass-scale material. The narrow understanding of the genus, used in sensible limits, has been underlined to simplify the problem of the passing the view about the genus to the other investigators and recognition of rhyncholites for the practical tasks.

A molecular analysis reveals hidden species diversity within the current concept of Russula maculata (Russulaceae, Basidiomycota)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 270 (2) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
SLAVOMÍR ADAMČÍK ◽  
MIROSLAV CABOŇ ◽  
URSULA EBERHARDT ◽  
MALKA SABA ◽  
FELIX HAMPE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Its Region ◽  
The Other ◽  
Deciduous Forests ◽  
European Species ◽  
Spore Ornamentation ◽  
Sister Clade ◽  
Broad Concept

The current generally accepted concept of Russula maculata defines the species by yellow-brownish spots on the basidiomata, an acrid taste, a yellow spore print and a red pileus. This concept was tested using collections originating from various geographical areas mainly in Europe. Analyses of the ITS region suggested that there were three species within this broad concept. One of them, R. maculata, was identified based on the sequence from the epitype. Two other species, R. nympharum and R. sp., are described here as newly identified species. The European species R. maculata and R. nympharum grow in deciduous forests, are similar in their field aspect and are distinctly different in micro-morphological characteristics of spores, pleurocystidia and pileipellis. An Asian species, R. sp., is associated with pine and has smaller basidiomata and spores. These three species form the R. maculata complex and represent the sister clade to the R. globispora complex. This clade consists of species also characterized by a yellow-brownish context discolouration but with a different type of spore ornamentation. All of the other tested species had an acrid taste and yellow spore print but did not have a conspicuous yellow-brownish context discolouration and were placed in various unrelated clades.

scholarly journals Experimentally induced differentiation of slow tonic and fast twitch muscles in the chick

1979 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-154
Author(s):  
D.E. Ashhurst ◽  
G. Vrbova
Keyword(s):  
Latissimus Dorsi ◽  
Neuromuscular Junctions ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Contractile Properties ◽  
The Other ◽  
Induced Differentiation ◽  
Anterior Latissimus Dorsi ◽  
Fast Twitch Muscle ◽  
Fast Twitch

The anterior latissimus dorsi (ALD) muscle of chickens is a slow tonic muscle, while the posterior latissimus dorsi (PLD) is a fast twitch muscle. These muscles on opposite sides of a 3-week-old chick were removed, minced and replaced in the site of the other muscle and left to regenerate. The regenerating muscles were examined at various periods from 4 days onwards and their contractile properties were found to resemble those typical of the muscle they replaced and not the original muscle. The regenerating muscles from 8 days onwards displayed the morphological features of the control muscles in the contralateral site. By 14 days, differentiation was almost complete and neuromuscular junctions were seen. It is suggested that the physiological and morphological characteristics of a muscle are determined by its position and possibly also by its innervation.

scholarly journals To the question of the origin of the cultural assortment   of Dagestan apricots through assessing the variability   of leaf morphological characteristics

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
D. M. Anatov ◽  
Z. M. Аsadulaev ◽  
R. M. Osmanov ◽  
K. I. Akhmedova
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Shape Index ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Mahalanobis Distances ◽  
Traditional Cultivars ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Degree Of Similarity

Aim. The paper presents the results of assessment of the indigenous nature and  degree of similarity of apricot cultivars growing in the collection of the Mountain  Botanical Garden, Gunib, Dagestan, Russia based on a comparative analysis of the  variability of leaf morphological characteristics.   Material and Methods. The material assessed consisted of 33 apricot cultivars of  various ecological and geographical origins aggregated in the following groups: (a)  Dagestan – traditional cultivars; (b) Moscow ‐ selection from the Tsytsin Main Moscow Botanical Garden, Russian Academy of Sciences based on wild forms of Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan; (c) European and (d) Asian ‐ from Central Asia, Tajikistan, China  and Altai.   Results. The closeness of Dagestan and European varieties in comparison with Asian  and Moscow varieties was shown. Most Dagestan (16 of 19) and European varieties  have round‐shaped leaves (leaf shape index 80‐ 100%), while those from Asia and  the Moscow Botanical Garden have leaves which are elongated elliptical and oval  (60‐80%). Using the method of principal component analysis (PCA), it was established that most cultivars of Dagestan origin have similar leaf shapes and sizes, of  which Tlama kurak (wide‐round), Hekobarsh (elongated) were distinguished by leaf  shape and Esdelik by leaf size.   Conclusion. Based on a discriminant analysis (Squared Mahalanobis Distances), it  was found that the indices of indicators of leaf attributes (width/length of leaf lamina; petiole length/length of lamina; apex angle/corner of leaf base) are more reliable criteria for differentiating apricot varieties into ecological and geographical  groups than their morphological characteristics.  

Isolation and identification of tuliposides D and F from tulip cultivars

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taiji Nomura ◽  
Shinjiro Ogita ◽  
Yasuo Kato
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
High Performance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Tulipa Gesneriana ◽  
Tissue Extracts ◽  
Spectroscopic Analyses ◽  
Hplc Peak

Abstract6-Tuliposides A (6-PosA) and B (6-PosB) are major defensive secondary metabolites in tulip cultivars (Tulipa gesneriana), having an acyl group at the C-6 position of d-glucose. Although some wild tulip species produce 1,6-diacyl-glucose type of Pos (PosD and PosF), as well as 6-PosA/B, they have not yet been isolated from tulip cultivars. Here, aiming at verifying the presence of PosD and PosF in tulip cultivars, tissue extracts of 25 cultivars were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Although no HPLC peaks for PosD nor PosF were detected in most cultivars, we found two cultivars giving a minute HPLC peak for PosD and the other two cultivars giving that for PosF. PosD and PosF were then purified from petals of cultivar ‘Orca’ and from pistils of cultivar ‘Murasakizuisho’, respectively, and their identities were verified by spectroscopic analyses. This is the first report that substantiates the presence of 1,6-diacyl-glucose type of Pos in tulip cultivars.

scholarly journals Two new species of Phalangopsis Serville, 1831 (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae) from Brazilian Amazon Forest

2008 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 647-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carina M. Mews ◽  
Carlos F. Sperber
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
The Other ◽  
Amazon Forest ◽  
Diagnostic Characteristics ◽  
Two New Species

We describe here two new species of the genus Phalangopsis Serville, 1831 from the Brazilian Amazon Forest. The male genitalia and the female copulatory papilla were described, and a combination of diagnostic characteristics was given to separate both new species from the other described species. The principal morphological characteristics of this genus were discussed.

A new cryptic species allied to Plestiodon japonicus (Peters, 1864) (Squamata: Scincidae) from eastern Japan, and diagnoses of the new species and two parapatric congeners based on morphology and DNA barcode

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3436 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
TAKU OKAMOTO ◽  
TSUTOMU HIKIDA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lizard Species ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
The Right

A new species of scincid lizard allied to Plestiodon japonicus (Peters, 1864) was described as P. finitimus sp. nov., fromthe eastern part of Honshu and Hokkaido, Japan. A previous DNA study reported the taxonomic status of the easternJapanese populations of Plestiodon as an undescribed species on the basis of their collective genetic distinctness from aparapatric congener P. japonicus sensu strict from the western part of mainland Japan. We present the diagnostic featuresof P. finitimus compared to P. japonicus and P. latiscutatus Hallowell, 1861, the other parapatric species occurring in theIzu Peninsula and Izu Islands of central Japan, on the basis of morphological characteristics and DNA barcode patterns.Both P. finitimus and P. japonicus have a small postnasal and large anterior loreal that contacts the supralabials. In contrast,the Izu Peninsular populations of P. latiscutatus, which had no known diagnostic features relative to the other two species,usually have a large postnasal and small anterior loreal, with the latter separated from the supralabials by the former, ormay otherwise lack a postnasal. In most populations of P. finitimus, the right and left prefrontals are usually isolated fromeach other, whereas they exhibit medial contact in most populations of P. japonicus. Although all the above characters arevariable both within and between populations, 60–90% of the specimens from each locality on mainland Japan werecorrectly identified using a combination of these characters. Based on these characters, the Russian Far East populationof Plestiodon was also identified as P. finitimus. The interspecific sequence differences in the standard DNA barcoderegion (a 658 base pair fragment of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene of mitochondrial DNA) were distinct, andeach of the three species was exclusively clustered in a neighbor-joining tree. The limited hybridization among the threespecies indicated by previous studies suggests that DNA barcodes could provide a reliable key for their correctidentification. The implications for the biogeography and speciation of the three parapatric lizard species are briefly discussed.

scholarly journals Morphology of seeds, seedlings, and young plants of Dimorphandra gardneriana Tul

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 1063
Author(s):  
Sueli Silva Santos Moura ◽  
Rosemere dos Santos Silva ◽  
Edna Ursulino Alves ◽  
Edilma Pereira Gonçalves ◽  
Lenyneves Duarte Alvino de Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Length ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Phase Curve ◽  
Seed Shape ◽  
Morphological Aspects ◽  
Seed Analysis ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Seeds Germination

Dimorphandra gardneriana Tul. is a legume, the fruits of which are used in routine extraction by the pharmaceutical industry. The objective was to study the morphological aspects of seeds, germination, seedlings, and young plants of Dimorphandra gardneriana Tul. The study was conducted at the Laboratory of Seed Analysis (LAS), Center of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba (CCA-UFPB), Areia - PB. The external morphological characteristics observed of the seeds were color, texture, and consistency of the teguments; seed shape; hilum and micropyle position; color and thickness of raphe and other structures present; besides internal embryo characteristics (cotyledons, hypocotyl-radicle axis, plumule, and central cylinder); and presence of the endosperm. The seed imbibition curve was determined by the weight of the seeds over a period of 90 h, evaluated every 6 h, with germination being considered as the protrusion of the primary root, or the moment when the primary root breaks the integument, and normal seedlings were evaluated on the 5th day after sowing. Most of the morphological characteristics identified in the plants and seedlings of D. gardneriana resembled those observed for other species of the same genus. The seeds of D. gardneriana Tul., were medium sized, with an average length of 11.95 mm, width of 5.33 mm, and thickness of 4.3 mm, unitegmic with a hard tegument, and impermeable to water. The process of imbibition of the seeds was initially slow and the three-phase curve of imbibition was not clear. The germination was epigeic and phanerocotiledonar and began on the 5th day after sowing.

Serological characteristics of Streptomyces species using cell wall immunizing antigens

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald R. Taylor ◽  
Rufus K. Guthrie ◽  
Elwood B. Shirling
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Streptomyces Species ◽  
Dichotomous Key ◽  
Specific Antisera ◽  
Combination Of Methods ◽  
The One ◽  
Taxonomic Studies

A dichotomous key for determination of serological groups among Streptomyces is described. This key is limited in that only seven specific antisera are used for testing. The utility and reliability of the application of this key were tested and compared to the results of previous taxonomic studies reported on the basis of biochemical and morphological characteristics of these organisms. Results indicate the desirability of using a combination of methods including serological characteristics on the one hand, and biochemical–morphological characteristics on the other, to increase the reliability of taxonomic studies.

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