Assessment of current weed control methods relevant to the management of the biodiversity of Australian rangelands

2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Vitelli ◽  
J. L. Pitt
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Invasive Weeds ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Control Options ◽  
Integrated Methods ◽  
Combination Of Methods

The Australian rangelands contain extensive and often dense populations of a wide variety of weed species. An array of techniques is available for effectively controlling many of these. To achieve long-term weed control, weeds should be targeted objectively and the dependence on the use of single treatments such as herbicides and machinery reduced, with greater adoption of integrated methods. The combination of methods will differ if the primary objective within the rangelands is to restore and maintain biodiversity or to improve forage production for domestic and native animals. Revegetation of sites and exclusion of herbivores from weed treated areas is important in establishing species that will compete with invasive weeds. Due to rangelands being sparsely populated, the necessary equipment, skills and finances to use appropriate control options on extensive weed infestations are often lacking, with landholders requiring the assistance of local, state and federal authorities to assist in managing weeds.

scholarly journals Response of onion (Allium cepa L.) to plant population and weed control methods in a chicken weed (Portulaca quadrifida L.) infested field In Sudan Savanna, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
Y. Garba
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Infested Field ◽  
Sudan Savanna

Chicken weed is a significant weed in India and it occurs under onion cultivated field at Birnin Kebbi in the Sudan Savannah, Nigeria. On-farm experiment was conducted at Birnin Kebbi during the 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 dry season to evaluate the effect of plant population and weed control methods on the management of chicken weed (Portulaca quadrifida) alongside other weeds in onion field. The experiment consisted of three plant populations (500,000, 333,333 and 250,000 plants per hectare) and twelve weed control methods (Pendimethalin at 1.0 kg a.i. ha-1, + 1Hw; pendimethalin at 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1 + fluazifop-p-butyl at 2.0 kg a.i. ha-1; pendimethalin at 2.0 kg a.i. ha-1; butachlor at 2.0 kg a.i. ha-1 + 1Hw; butachlor at 2.8 kg a.i. ha-1 + oxyfluorfen at 1.0 kg a.i. ha-1; butachlor at 3.6 kg a.i. ha-1; fluazifop-p-butyl at 2.0 kg a.i. ha-1; oxyfluorfen at 1.0 kg a.i. ha-1 + 1Hw; hoe weeding at 3 (WAT); hoe weeding at 3 and 6 WAT; weed free and weedy check). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete Block design replicated three times. Results showed that weed, growth and yield parameters were not significantly affected by plant population. Pendimethalin at 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1 + fluazifop-p-butyl at 2.0 kg a.i. ha-1 and weed free plots consistently recorded the lowest weed cover and highest weed control efficiency. Butachlor at 2.0 kg a.i. ha-1 + 1 Hw recorded the lowest crop injury score. Increase in plant height was observed when pendimethalin at 1.0 and 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1 + 1 Hw and fluazifop-p-butyl at 2.0 kg a.i. ha-1 respectively was applied, while application of pendimethalin at 2.0 kg a.i. ha-1 and butachlor at 2.0 kg a.i. ha-1 + 1 Hw recorded highest number of leaves and leaf area. Cured bulb and marketable bulb yield were greater with the use of pendimethalin and butachlor at 1.0 and 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1 + 1 Hw and the pooled data respectively. Application of pendimethalin and butachlor at the rate of 1.0 and 2.0 kg a.i. ha-1 followed by 1 Hw at 6 WAT respectively was therefore recommended for the control of chicken weed alongside other weed species in the ecology

scholarly journals Impact of sowing methods and weed control practices on yield and economics of wet direct seeded rice

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-383
Author(s):  
BS Satapathy ◽  
B Duary ◽  
Sanjoy Saha ◽  
S Munda ◽  
D Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Cyperus Difformis ◽  
Control Options ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Crop Weed Competition

Wet direct seeding is proved as a viable alternate to conventional transplanting method of rice. Maintenance of optimum population by adopting an appropriate sowing method followed by judicious weed control practices ensures profitability of wet direct seeded rice (W-DSR). A field experiment was carried out to find out a suitable sowing technique and weed control options for enhancing productivity and economics of W-DSR. The W-DSR was infested with twelve numbers of weed species comprising of eight families under different sowing methods. The composition of sedges, broadleaved (BLW) and grassy weeds was 83.07, 11.0 and 5.93%, respectively. Irrespective of sowing methods, weeds such as, Echinochloa glabrescens and Leptochloa chinensis among grasses, Cyperus difformis and Scirpus juncoides among sedges and Lindernia anagallis among BLW were dominant. Drum seeding recorded 6.9 and 12.7% higher gross and net return, respectively than broadcasting, but it was at par with spot seeding. Highest B: C ratio of 2.07 was recorded with drum seeding, whereas spot seeding recorded lowest B: C ratio (1.99). Crop-weed competition caused 31.7% reduction in grain yield with W-DSR. Application of early post-emergent herbicide bensulfuron-methyl + pretilachlor @ 60+600 g/ha at 10 DAS, azimsulfuron @ 35 g/ha at 20 DAS, and bispyribac sodium @ 30 g/ha at 20 DAS recorded increase in grain yield 40.3, 40.1 and 39.8%, respectively over the weedy check. Ready mix bensulfuron-methyl + pretilachlor @ 60+600 g/ha at 10 DAS registered highest B: C ratio (2.16) but it did not vary significantly with bispyribac sodium @ 30 g/ha and azimsulfuron @ 35 g/ha.

scholarly journals Managing glyphosate resistance in Australian cotton farming: modelling shows how to delay evolution and maintain long-term population control

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 780 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Thornby ◽  
Jeff Werth ◽  
Steven Walker
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Glyphosate Resistance ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Barnyard Grass ◽  
Resistance Evolution ◽  
Seed Bank Dynamics

Glyphosate resistance is a rapidly developing threat to profitability in Australian cotton farming. Resistance causes an immediate reduction in the effectiveness of in-crop weed control in glyphosate-resistant transgenic cotton and summer fallows. Although strategies for delaying glyphosate resistance and those for managing resistant populations are qualitatively similar, the longer resistance can be delayed, the longer cotton growers will have choice over which tactics to apply and when to apply them. Effective strategies to avoid, delay, and manage resistance are thus of substantial value. We used a model of glyphosate resistance dynamics to perform simulations of resistance evolution in Sonchus oleraceus (common sowthistle) and Echinochloa colona (awnless barnyard grass) under a range of resistance prevention, delaying, and management strategies. From these simulations, we identified several elements that could contribute to effective glyphosate resistance prevention and management strategies. (i) Controlling glyphosate survivors is the most robust approach to delaying or preventing resistance. High-efficacy, high-frequency survivor control almost doubled the useful lifespan of glyphosate from 13 to 25 years even with glyphosate alone used in summer fallows. (ii) Two non-glyphosate tactics in-crop plus two in-summer fallows is the minimum intervention required for long-term delays in resistance evolution. (iii) Pre-emergence herbicides are important, but should be backed up with non-glyphosate knockdowns and strategic tillage; replacing a late-season, pre-emergence herbicide with inter-row tillage was predicted to delay glyphosate resistance by 4 years in awnless barnyard grass. (iv) Weed species’ ecological characteristics, particularly seed bank dynamics, have an impact on the effectiveness of resistance strategies; S. oleraceus, because of its propensity to emerge year-round, was less exposed to selection with glyphosate than E. colona, resulting in an extra 5 years of glyphosate usefulness (18 v. 13 years) even in the most rapid cases of resistance evolution. Delaying tactics are thus available that can provide some or many years of continued glyphosate efficacy. If glyphosate-resistant cotton cropping is to remain profitable in Australian farming systems in the long-term, however, growers must adapt to the probability that they will have to deal with summer weeds that are no longer susceptible to glyphosate. Robust resistance management systems will need to include a diversity of weed control options, used appropriately.

Effect of weed management practices and organic sources of nitrogen supplementation on weed density and yield of wheat

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhupesh Kumar Mishra ◽  
Santosh Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Hand Weeding

The different weed control methods (two hand weeding at 25 and 45 days after sowing (DAS) and one hand weeding at 25 DAS along with unweeded control ), organic sources of nitrogen (vermicompost, poultry manure, city manure and FYM) and their interaction were compared for their efficiency on various weed species and yield of wheat. Two hand weeding (W2) gave significantly maximum weed control. This was followed by one hand weeding at 25 DAS and control. These weed control methods significantly enhanced the yield and yield components of wheat. Among organic sources of nitrogen vermicompost (M1) recorded minimum weed density, weed dry weight and maximum yield, followed by poultry manure, city manure and FYM.

scholarly journals Efficacy of the herbicide GF-2581 (penoxsulam + florasulam) against broadleaf weeds in olives

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 574-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Travlos IS ◽  
M. Lysandrou ◽  
V. Apostolidis
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Conyza Canadensis ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Control Management

Effective weed control in perennial crops is a challenge due to the limited availability of registered herbicides and herbicide resistance. The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of the herbicide GF-2581 (penoxsulam + florasulam) on broadleaf weeds in comparison with other commonly used herbicides. Field trials were conducted in olives, in Etoloakarnania (Agrinio region) for two years (2012 and 2013). Efficacy assessments were made at 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after treatment. The GF-2581 formulation provided excellent control of a broad spectrum of broadleaf weed species. The long-term control of Sonchus oleraceous, Conyza canadensis and Stellaria media, provided by GF-2581 during the growing season was significantly greater than that using flumioxazin. When combined with glyphosate or diquat, the level of control of these three weeds was improved. The GF-2581 agent applied pre-emergence followed 14 days later by application of glyphosate provided 100% control in 2012. Lower efficacy levels were observed in 2013 and may have been the result of higher rainfall when compared to 2012. GF-2581 is an effective herbicide product to control broadleaf weeds, as a part of integrated weed control management strategies in olives.

Bahiagrass Tolerance to Aminocyclopyrachlor in Florida

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 943-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel G. Abe ◽  
Brent A. Sellers ◽  
Jason A. Ferrell ◽  
Ramon G. Leon ◽  
D. Calvin Odero
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Forage Species ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Long Term Impact

Two varieties of bahiagrass were evaluated under Florida conditions for forage tolerance to the new herbicide, aminocyclopyrachlor (ACP), which is essential for product development decisions. Herbicide treatments included ACP alone at 70 and 140 g ai ha−1, ACP + chlorsulfuron at 69 + 27 and 138 + 54 g ai ha−1, ACP + 2,4-D amine at 70 + 532 g ai ha−1 and 140 + 1,064 g ai ha−1, ACP + triclopyr-amine at 70 + 140 g ai ha−1 and 140 + 280 g ai ha−1, and ACP + metsulfuron at 46 + 7, 78 + 12, and 168 + 26 g ai ha−1, and also included a nontreated check. ‘Argentine’ bahiagrass was the most tolerant forage species, and ‘Pensacola’ bahiagrass was sensitive to ACP + metsulfuron and initially to ACP + chlorsulfuron. Herbicide applications using ACP, when labeled, will likely provide good to excellent control of several weed species, with little long-term impact on bahiagrass forage production when the cultivar is known.

scholarly journals The influence of soil tillage systems and weed control methods on weed infestation of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-240
Author(s):  
Krystyna Zarzecka ◽  
Alicja Baranowska ◽  
Marek Gugała
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Weed Infestation

A field experiment was conducted in the years 2002- 2004 at the Zawady Agricultural Experimental Station (52<sup>o</sup>06' N; 22<sup>o</sup>06' E), belonging to the University of Podlasie in Siedlce, Poland. The investigated factors were two soil tillage systems (traditional and reduced) and seven methods of weed control in potato canopies with herbicide application. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of tillage systems and weed control methods on the weed species composition and weed density. Tillage systems, weed control methods and atmospheric conditions prevailing in the study years significantly varied weed infestation of potato canopies at the beginning of vegetation and before tuber harvest. The lowest number of weeds, compared to the control treatment, was recorded in the treatments in which chemical and mechanical weed control had been applied. The treatments with the traditional tillage system also showed lower weed infestation than those in which simplifications had been applied.

scholarly journals A Review of Weed Control Practices in Landscape Planting Beds: Part II—Chemical Weed Control Methods

HortScience ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 857-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Christopher Marble ◽  
Andrew K. Koeser ◽  
Gitta Hasing
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Herbicide Use ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides

Use of preemergence and postemergence herbicides is the most effective and economical method of weed control in landscape planting beds. When used correctly, herbicides can provide satisfactory weed control, reduce labor costs, and cause little or no negative environmental impacts. Major factors in herbicide efficacy include choosing the correct herbicide for the weed species present, following proper calibration procedures, and applying herbicides at the correct timing. The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the research pertaining to herbicide use in landscape planting beds and present 1) the advantages and disadvantages of common chemical weed control strategies, 2) the most effective preemergence and postemergence herbicides in various landscape scenarios, 3) potential environmental concerns pertaining to improper application of herbicides, and 4) highlight knowledge gaps where additional research is needed or improvements could be made.

Weed management options for conventional soybean

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 743-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly D. Belfry ◽  
Michael J. Cowbrough ◽  
François J. Tardif ◽  
Peter H. Sikkema
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Control Options

Various preemergence (PRE), PRE followed by postemergence (POST), and POST weed control options for conventional soybean were evaluated. More than 90% control of selected weed species were observed for most treatments. However, weed interference in plots treated with S-metolachlor + metribuzin or S-metolachlor + metribuzin + cloransulam-methyl resulted in reduced soybean yield.

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