scholarly journals The influence of soil tillage systems and weed control methods on weed infestation of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-240
Author(s):  
Krystyna Zarzecka ◽  
Alicja Baranowska ◽  
Marek Gugała
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Weed Infestation

A field experiment was conducted in the years 2002- 2004 at the Zawady Agricultural Experimental Station (52<sup>o</sup>06' N; 22<sup>o</sup>06' E), belonging to the University of Podlasie in Siedlce, Poland. The investigated factors were two soil tillage systems (traditional and reduced) and seven methods of weed control in potato canopies with herbicide application. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of tillage systems and weed control methods on the weed species composition and weed density. Tillage systems, weed control methods and atmospheric conditions prevailing in the study years significantly varied weed infestation of potato canopies at the beginning of vegetation and before tuber harvest. The lowest number of weeds, compared to the control treatment, was recorded in the treatments in which chemical and mechanical weed control had been applied. The treatments with the traditional tillage system also showed lower weed infestation than those in which simplifications had been applied.

scholarly journals Weed Suppressive Ability of Cover Crop Mixtures Compared to Repeated Stubble Tillage and Glyphosate Treatments

Agriculture ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Schappert ◽  
Miriam Messelhäuser ◽  
Marcus Saile ◽  
Gerassimos Peteinatos ◽  
Roland Gerhards
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Great Ability ◽  
Weed Infestation

The utilization of an effective stubble management practice can reduce weed infestation before and in the following main crop. Different strategies can be used, incorporating mechanical, biological, and chemical measures. This study aims at estimating the effects of cover crop (CC) mixtures, various stubble tillage methods, and glyphosate treatments on black-grass, volunteer wheat and total weed infestation. Two experimental trials were conducted in Southwestern Germany including seven weed management treatments: flat soil tillage, deep soil tillage, ploughing, single glyphosate application, dual glyphosate application, and a CC mixture sown in a mulch-till and no-till system. An untreated control treatment without any processing was also included. Weed species were identified and counted once per month from October until December. The CC mixtures achieved a black-grass control efficacy of up to 100%, whereas stubble tillage and the single glyphosate treatment did not reduce the black-grass population, on the contrary it induced an increase of black-grass plants. The dual glyphosate application showed, similar to the CC treatments, best results for total weed and volunteer wheat reduction. The results demonstrated, that well developed CCs have a great ability for weed control and highlight that soil conservation systems do not have to rely on chemical weed control practices.

scholarly journals MANAGEMENT OF RED RICE (ORYZA SATIVA) AND BARNYARDGRASS (ECHINOCHLOA CRUS-GALLI) GROWN WITH SORGHUM WITH REDUCED RATE OF ATRAZINE AND MECHANICAL METHODS

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 587-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDRÉ ANDRES ◽  
GERMANI CONCENÇO ◽  
GIOVANI THEISEN ◽  
LEANDRO GALON ◽  
FRANCO TESIO
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Weedy Rice ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Mechanical Methods ◽  
Tillage System

SUMMARYThe weedy variety ofOryza sativaoccurs in several rice cultivation areas reducing both grain yield and quality. Prevention and crop rotation are considered the basic means to reduce its presence. Weed control in sorghum is generally attained with atrazine. In this study, the efficacy of both chemical and mechanical methods for control, under different soil tillage conditions, of weedy rice and barnyardgrass during sorghum cultivation was evaluated with the aim to reduce the application rate of atrazine. In the case of chemical control, the atrazine rate (1000, 1500, 2000, 2500 and 3000 ga.i.ha−1) and application timing (pre- and post-emergence) were assessed. With the mechanical control method, the number of interventions (inter-row hoeing with sorghum at 3, 4–5 and 6–8 leaves) to avoid weed competition was determined. The effect of the tillage system on weed population was investigated comparing conventional (ploughing), minimum-tillage (disc harrowing) and sod seeding (no-tillage) in combination with pre- and post-emergence herbicide treatments. The results showed that efficient control of weedy rice and barnyardgrass was achieved in lowlands with sorghum in rotation with rice. Both chemical and mechanical methods of weed control in sorghum gave a level of efficiency higher than 60%. The application of atrazine was more efficient in pre-emergence application, rather than in post-emergence treatments, in all soil tillage systems tested. On both weed species, the most suitable application rate was the pre-emergence treatment with 1500 ga.i.ha−1, and the adoption of higher rates did not significantly increase the herbicidal efficacy. The adoption of two or three mechanical interventions resulted in sorghum yield higher than the chemical post-emergence application, and similar to the application of atrazine in pre-emergence. Higher yield results were in accordance to greater weed control, being obtained in the conventional tillage system.

scholarly journals The effect of tillage system and herbicide application on weed infestation of crops of winter spelt wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta L.) cultivars

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 173-184
Author(s):  
Sylwia Andruszczak ◽  
Piotr Kraska ◽  
Ewa Kwiecińska-Poppe ◽  
Edward Pałys
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Spelt Wheat ◽  
Galium Aparine ◽  
Previous Crop ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Weed Infestation

<p>Based on a 3-year field experiment conducted on medium heavy mixed rendzina soil, the present study evaluated the effect of chemical plant protection on the species composition, number and air-dry weight of weeds infesting crops of winter spelt wheat cultivars (‘Frankenkorn’, ‘Badengold’, ‘Schwaben- speltz’, and ‘Oberkulmer Rotkorn’) sown under ploughing and ploughless tillage systems. Ploughing tillage involved skim- ming done after harvest of the previous crop and pre-sowing ploughing, while in the ploughless tillage system ploughing was replaced with cultivating. Chemical weed control included the application of the herbicides Mustang 306 SE and Attribut 70 WG. Plots where the herbicides were not used were the control treatment. On average, from 21 to 30 weed species colonised the winter spelt wheat crops compared. <em>Galium aparine </em>and <em>Apera spica-venti </em>occurred in greatest numbers and their percentage in the total number of weeds was estimated at 26–35% and 17–25%, respectively. The cultivar ‘Frankenkorn’ was the least weed-infested. Both the number of weeds in the crop of this cultivar and their above-ground dry weight were lower compared to the other cultivars. The use of reduced tillage significantly increased the air-dry weight of weeds compared to ploughing tillage. Nevertheless, it should be indicated under ploughless tillage conditions the application of chemical crop protection reduced weed biomass by 59% compared to the control treatments without crop protection.</p>

scholarly journals Potential Impacts of Soil Tillage System on Isoflavone Concentration of Soybean as Functional Food Ingredients

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 386
Author(s):  
Liliana Mureșan ◽  
Doina Clapa ◽  
Orsolya Borsai ◽  
Teodor Rusu ◽  
Thomas T. Y. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Isoflavone Concentration ◽  
Tillage System

Soybean is an important natural source of isoflavones, but their concentration is likely to be influenced by external factors, such as climatic conditions and soil tillage systems. However, there is minimal information about the effects of such external factors on the isoflavone concentration in soybeans grown in Europe. Therefore, in this study, field experiments were established in Romania to investigate the potential impacts of three different soil tillage systems—conventional, minimum tillage and no-tillage—on crop yields and the isoflavone concentration of soybeans for three experimental years, 2014–2016. Our experimental results indicated that the soil tillage systems had little impact on the soybean yields each year. However, the 2016 yield was found to be higher than the 2014 and 2015 yields under all three soil systems. For every experimental year, the higher yield was recorded by the conventional system, followed by the minimum tillage system and no-tillage system under first weed control (weed control two (wct2): S-metolaclor 960 g/L, imazamox 40 g/L and propaquizafop 100 g/L). Likewise, the soil tillage system did not have a significant influence on the total isoflavone concentrations. Nevertheless, we noticed some variations in the individual isoflavone concentration (daidzin, genistin, glycitin, daidzein, genistein) in each year. Altogether, the minimum tillage and no-tillage systems may be employed as a suitable soil tillage system in soybean farming without an impact on the total isoflavone.

scholarly journals Species composition and density of weeds in a grain maize crop depending of soil tillage

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 340-347
Author(s):  
P. Yankov ◽  
M. Drumeva
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Previous Crop ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Direct Sowing ◽  
Respective Species

Abstract. The study was carried out during 2014-2016 on slightly leached chernozem soil type. The species composition and density of weeds were studied in grain maize grown after previous crop wheat under the following main soil tillage types: ploughing at 24-26 cm, chisel plough at 24-26 cm and no-tillage (direct sowing). The additional tilths of the areas with ploughed and loosened soil included single disking in autumn and double pre-sowing harrowing in spring. A total herbicide was applied for control of the emerging weeds in the variant with direct sowing. The weed control was done according to the standard technology for growing of the crop in this region – treatment with herbicides at stage 3rd-5th leaf of the plants. Weed infestation was read in spring prior to the pre-sowing tillage, immediately before the vegetation treatment with herbicides, and after harvesting. The type of main soil tillage had a statistically significant effect on the species composition and the density of weeds in the grain maize crops grown after previous crop wheat. The use of ploughing, in parallel with the use of chemicals for weed control, decreased the weed infestation in the maize crops. The lower density of weeds under this main soil tillage type was related to changes in the composition and the relative percentage of the respective species in the total infestation. The use of tilths without turning the surface layer and no-tillage in the crop rotation, in spite of the application of herbicides, contributed to the increase of the amount of weeds. The reason for this was the higher variability of weed species typical for shallow tillage types.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF TILLAGE SYSTEMS AND FERTILIZATION LEVEL ON THE WEEDINESS OF WINTER WHEAT

AGROFOR ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dušan KOVAČEVIĆ ◽  
Snežana OLJAČA ◽  
Željko DOLIJANOVIĆ ◽  
Vesna MILIĆ ◽  
Nemanja GRŠIĆ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Fresh Biomass ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Fertilization Level

This paper deals with results of the effects of three tillage systems and differentnitrogen fertilizer level on floristic composition of weed community in winterwheat in investigated period on the chernozem-luvic soil type. The trial was carriedout on the estate experimental field of the Faculty of Agriculture - Zemun"Radmilovac" near Belgrade in Serbia. Tillage systems and fertilization withnitrogen fertilizers have a big influence on weed control and floristic composition,number of species and individuals and biomass of weeds in winter wheat. Theweed community in winter wheat crops was composed of 14 weed species in bothyear of investigation, respectively, with dominancy of terophytes. The obtainedresults showed that the dominant weed species were Avena fatua L., Papaverrhoeas L., Sinapis arvensis L. and Stellaria media (L.) Vill. from annuels and.Convolvulus arvensis L. from perennials prevailed in the weed community inwinter wheat crops.Conventional tillage system with nitrogen level in top dressing120 kg ha-1 had better effect in weed control than both of both investigatedconservation tillage systems (MTS and NTS) had. However, mulch tillage has notlagged behind the conventional tillage increased total weed number of individualsannual and perennial species especially fresh biomass. No-tillage system makesweed control difficult.

scholarly journals Weed infestation of soft spring wheat crops depending on the soil tillage system

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 16-27
Author(s):  
A. L. Pakul ◽  
N. A. Lapshinov ◽  
V. N. Pakul ◽  
G. V. Bozhanova
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
System Control ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
The Impact

The paper presents the results of the study on the influence of various tillage systems on the weed infestation of soft spring wheat of the Siberian Alliance variety. The study was carried out in a long-term stationary experiment (20152019) preceded by bare and green-manured fallow (rapeseed, melilot) in Kemerovo region. The soil of the experimental plot is classified as leached, medium-textured, medium-humus, heavy-loam chernozem. The following soil tillage systems were studied: deep moldboard, deep combined, minimum combined and minimum moldboard. Weather conditions during the research period were varied. Insufficient water supply during the first vegetation period of soft spring wheat (seedlings – leaf-tube formation) was noted in 2015-2017, with HTC (hydrothermal coefficient) being from 0.37 to 0.56. Excessive water content was observed in 2018 (HTC = 2.41) and moderate hydration – in 2019 (HTC = 1.12). Weed infestation was different in the conditions of each year. The impact of the soil tillage system on the number of weeds during the growing season of common spring wheat accounted for 21.6-90.4%, and their share in the total aboveground mass of the phytocenosis was 39.9-68.3%. The segetal flora in soft spring wheat crops is represented by monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous species with all the studied tillage systems. The highest density of weed vegetation during the tillering phase of soft spring wheat was recorded with deep moldboard soil tillage system (control). A reduction in weed infestation by 2.3 times compared to the control was noted with minimum moldboard soil tillage system preceded by bare fallow, 1.6 times – preceded by green-manured fallow with rapeseed, and 1.7 times – preceded by green-manured fallow with melilot. The same trend was observed in the proportion of weeds in the total aboveground mass of the phytocenosis during the wax ripeness phase of soft spring wheat with deep moldboard tillage system (4.3%), deep combined (3.9), minimum combined (4.1), minimum moldboard (2.6%).

scholarly journals The influence of tillage systems, fertilization and plant protection levels on weed infestation in winter rye cultivated on light soil

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-208
Author(s):  
Piotr Kraska ◽  
Edward Pałys
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Light Soil ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Frame Method

The purpose of this work was to determine the influence of conventional and ploughless tillage systems upon infestation in two differentiated fertilization and plant protection levels on light soil. Before harvest winter rye there was determined weed infestation of square-frame method. There were estimated weed species composition and air dry matter of weeds in two randomly selected place. Number of monocotyledonous weeds, total weeds and dry matter of weeds was higher on the objects with ploughless tillage system compared with conventional tillage. Intensive fertilization and plant protection decreased number of dicotyledonous weeds in canopy of winter rye. Conventional tillage system decreased <i>Apera spica-venti</i> occurrence in a canopy of winter rye and increased number of <i>Plantago major</i> plants. Intensive level of fertilization and plant protection decreased weed infestation first of all through <i>Matricaria maritima</i>.

Herbicide Programs in No-Tillage and Conventional-Tillage Soybeans (Glycine max) Double Cropped After Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Weed Science ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry D. Sims ◽  
David R. Guethle
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Mississippi River ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides ◽  
Herbicide Programs ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Postemergence and commonly used preemergence plus postemergence herbicide programs were evaluated for weed control in conventional and no-tillage soybeans double cropped after winter wheat in the northern Mississippi River Delta. Broadleaf weed species present varied with tillage, location, and year. Large crabgrass was present in both tillage systems for all locations and years. Conventional tillage usually resulted in higher densities of large crabgrass, common cocklebur, and smooth pigweed. Soil-applied preemergence herbicides alone did not provide season-long ivyleaf and entireleaf morningglory or common cocklebur control in either tillage system. For weed control and soybean yields comparable to weed-free controls, postemergence broadleaf herbicides were required in both tillage systems following the soil-applied herbicide programs, alachlor plus linuron and alachlor plus metribuzin. Postemergence herbicide programs provided excellent season-long annual grass and broadleaf weed control when sethoxydim was applied separately from the broadleaf herbicides. Antagonism of large crabgrass control resulted when sethoxydim was tank mixed with postemergence broadleaf herbicides, compared to separate applications of the postemergence grass and broadleaf herbicides. In three out of four studies, soybean yields in handweeded controls were similar between tillage systems.

scholarly journals The effect of tillage systems on soil seedbank

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-118
Author(s):  
Eleonora Wrzesińska ◽  
Stanisław Pużyński ◽  
Anna Komorowska
Keyword(s):  
Soil Depth ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Static Field ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Field Station ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Direct Drilling

The research was carried out in 2006–2008 in a static field experiment started in 1993 in the Research Field Station at Lipnik near Stargard Szczeciński, on Eutric Cambisol soil. In soil samples taken from following layers:  0–10, 10–20, 20–30 cm of soil under ploughing, ploughless or direct drilling tillage systems, species composition and number of weed diaspores were evaluated. In the samples, in total there were diaspores of 17 weed species. <em>Chenopodium album </em>was the dominant weed species in all soil layers and tillage systems. The number of diaspores was significantly dependent on tillage system and soil layer. Irrespective of soil depth, the highest total number of diaspores (12251 pcs × m<sup>-2</sup>) was in the treatment with the ploughing tillage system, while for the other treatments this number was significantly lower: by 14% for ploughless tillage and by 51% for the direct drilling treatment. Regardless of soil tillage system, the highest total number of diaspores (19936 pcs × m<sup>-2</sup>) was in the top layer, while in the next layers this number was significantly lower (by 62 and 87%, respectively). The largest number of weed diaspores was in the top layer of soil after long application of the ploughless tillage system.

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