87 Population estimate and morphology of ovarian preantral follicles in fetal and adult alpacas (Vicugna pacos)

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
D. J. Dipaz-Berrocal ◽  
G. Rojas ◽  
C. Mamani ◽  
J. R. Figueiredo ◽  
E. Mellisho
Keyword(s):  
Adult Stage ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Estimate ◽  
Oocyte Nucleus ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Primordial Follicles ◽  
Preantral Follicles

Preantral follicles are the largest ovarian follicle population and represent an important source of potentially competent oocytes. During the lifespan of the female this large population becomes atretic during their growth. In alpacas, there are few studies that estimate the number of preantral follicles. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to compare the population and morphology of preantral follicles in the ovaries of fetal and adult alpacas. Ovaries from alpacas in fetal (fetus during the last third of gestation, n=5) and adult stage (3–4 years, n=5) were collected at a local slaughterhouse. The whole ovaries were individually fixed overnight at room temperature, and later dehydrated in alcohol, cleared with xylene, and embedded in paraffin. Tissue were sectioned at 7μm with a rotating microtome. Then, sections were processed and stained with periodic acid Schiff and haematoxylin. Preantral follicles were classified for their development stage as primordial, transitional, primary, or secondary, according to the layer number and form of granulosa cells. Estimation of the number of preantral follicles was made by counting all follicles in each histological section. Only follicles in which the oocyte nucleus was visible were counted. In addition, for each follicle category (n=30 per group), oocyte and follicle diameters were measured using Motic Images Plus 2.0 software. The population estimate and follicular diameter were compared using Kruskal–Wallis test with significance set at P ≤ 0.05 using SPSS v.2 2 software (IBM Corp.). A total of 2174 histologic sections were analysed. The results showed a higher (P=0.045) number of preantral follicles (80 516.1±3623.9) for fetal alpacas compared with adult alpacas (67 870.8±2267.4). Also, primordial follicles population (31 543.4±2690) and morphologically normal follicles (98.2%) were higher (P=0.04) in fetus compared with those in the adult stage (2244.7±355.37; 76.35%) respectively. On the contrary, the diameters of primordial, transitional, and primary follicles (45.34±3.76; 52.38±6.22; 59.79±5.22µm) from adult alpaca were greater (P=0.04) than those of fetal preantral follicles (33.305±7.2; 36.715±3; 77.985±15.8µm). In conclusion, the preantral follicle population declines dramatically in adult alpaca and animals of this age show an increased percentage of degenerate primordial follicles.

128 Study of preantral ovarian follicular population in fetal alpaca (Vicugna pacos) ovaries

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
D. Dipaz-Berrocal ◽  
G. Rojas ◽  
C. Mamani ◽  
E. Mellisho
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Ovarian Reserve ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Oocyte Nucleus ◽  
Primary Follicle ◽  
Preantral Follicles ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Fetal Stage

In mammals, folliculogenesis begins at the fetal stage and is a complex, dynamic process that involves follicular quiescence, activation, growth, follicular migration, and cell interactions. At birth, the preantral ovarian follicular population, drastically reduced, constitutes >90% of all ovarian follicles, representing the ovarian reserve that will be used throughout the reproductive life. In alpacas, changes in follicular wave growth patterns and ovulation are different from other species; thus, it is important to know the ovarian reserve at fetal stage, as a starting point for future studies. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to establish the morphological characterisation and estimate the population of alpaca preantral follicles in the fetal stage. Ovaries from alpacas (n=5) in the fetal stage (fetus during the last third of gestation) were collected at a local slaughterhouse. Whole ovaries were individually fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde phosphate-buffered saline overnight at room temperature for routine histology. Ovaries were dehydrated in alcohol, cleared with xylene, and embedded in paraffin, and all tissue was serially sectioned at 7μm with a rotating microtome (Leica). The histological sections were mounted and stained with periodic acid-Schiff and hematoxylin. Preantral follicles were classified according to their developmental stage: primordial (one layer of flattened granulosa cells surrounding the oocyte), primary follicle transition (flattened cuboidal granulosa cells surrounding the oocyte), primary (single layer of cuboidal granulosa cells around the oocyte), or secondary (oocyte surrounded by more than one complete layer of cuboidal granulosa cells). We estimated the number of preantral follicles by counting all follicles in each histological section. Only follicles in which the oocyte nucleus was visible were counted. In addition, for each follicle category (n=40 per group), oocyte and follicle diameters were measured using an ocular micrometer. The variable means were compared using unpaired Student's t-test analysis, with significance set at P ≤ 0.05. Estimation of preantral follicular population (mean±standard deviation) was 80 516±14 575 in the ovaries of alpaca fetuses. Most of the follicles found belong to the primordial (49.2%) or primary follicle transition (39.2%) categories, followed by primary (10.8%) and secondary (0.8%) stages. Follicle and oocyte diameters of primordial (33.3±7.2; 21.5±4.6μm) and primary follicle transition stages (36.7±3.0; 23.4±2.6μm) were significantly (P<0.05) smaller than those of primary-stage follicles (77.9±15.8; 50.02±11.1μm). Finally, preantral follicles classified with normal morphological integrity appearance for each developmental stage were 98.2% (primordial), 96.7% (primary follicle transition), 91.5% (primary), and 88.1% (secondary), respectively. In conclusion, this study shows for the first time an estimation of the population of preantral follicles in alpaca fetal ovaries and establishes follicle and oocyte diameters and their normal morphological integrity.

Ultrastructure of the Parotid Gland of the Nine-Banded Armadillo

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 640-641
Author(s):  
J. R. Ruby
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Parotid Gland ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Acinar Cells ◽  
Duct System ◽  
Parotid Glands ◽  
Dasypus Novemcinctus ◽  
Anterior Portion ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Thin Sections

Parotid glands were obtained from five adult (four male and one female) armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus) which were perfusion-fixed. The glands were located in a position similar to that of most mammals. They extended interiorly to the anterior portion of the submandibular gland.In the light microscope, it was noted that the acini were relatively small and stained strongly positive with the periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and alcian blue techniques, confirming the earlier results of Shackleford (1). Based on these qualities and other structural criteria, these cells have been classified as seromucous (2). The duct system was well developed. There were numerous intercalated ducts and intralobular striated ducts. The striated duct cells contained large amounts of PAS-positive substance.Thin sections revealed that the acinar cells were pyramidal in shape and contained a basally placed, slightly flattened nucleus (Fig. 1). The rough endoplasmic reticulum was also at the base of the cell.

Detection of Carriers in Glanzmann's Thrombasthenia

1983 ◽  
Vol 49 (03) ◽  
pp. 182-186
Author(s):  
G T E Zonneveld ◽  
E F van Leeuwen ◽  
A Sturk ◽  
J W ten Cate
Keyword(s):  
Bleeding Time ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Type I ◽  
Clot Retraction ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Glanzmann’S Thrombasthenia ◽  
Aggregation Response ◽  
Glanzmann's Thrombasthenia ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Reduced State

SummaryQuantitative glycoprotein (GP) analysis of whole platelets or platelet membranes was performed by SDS-polyacrylamide gelelectrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and periodic acid Schiff staining in the families of two unrelated Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia (GT) patients. Each family consisted of two symptom free parents, a symptom free daughter and a GT daughter. All symptom free members had a normal bleeding time, clot retraction and platelet aggregation response to adenosine 5’-diphosphate (ADP), collagen and adrenalin. Platelet Zw* antigen was normally expressed in these subjects. GT patiens, classified as a type I and II subject, showed reduced amounts of GP lib and of GP nia. Analysis of isolated membranes in the non-reduced state, however, showed that the amount of GP Ilia was also reduced in three of the four parents, whereas one parent (of the GT type I patient) and the two unaffected daughters had normal amounts of GP Ilia. Quantitative SDS-PAGE may therefore provide a method for the detection of asymptomatic carriers in GT type I and II.

Swim bladder mycosis in farmed rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss caused by Phoma herbarum and experimental verification of pathogenicity

2020 ◽  
Vol 138 ◽  
pp. 237-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Řehulka ◽  
A Kubátová ◽  
V Hubka
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Bladder Wall ◽  
Swim Bladder ◽  
Cell Reactivity ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Posterior Portion ◽  
Hepatic Congestion ◽  
Phoma Herbarum

In this study, spontaneous swim bladder mycosis was documented in a farmed fingerling rainbow trout from a raceway culture system. At necropsy, the gross lesions included a thickened swim bladder wall, and the posterior portion of the swim bladder was enlarged due to massive hyperplasia of muscle. A microscopic wet mount examination of the swim bladder contents revealed abundant septate hyphae, and histopathological examination showed periodic acid-Schiff-positive mycelia in the lumen and wall of the swim bladder. Histopathological examination of the thickened posterior swim bladder revealed muscle hyperplasia with expansion by inflammatory cells. The causative agent was identified as Phoma herbarum through morphological analysis and DNA sequencing. The disease was reproduced in rainbow trout fingerlings using intraperitoneal injection of a spore suspension. Necropsy in dead and moribund fish revealed extensive congestion and haemorrhages in the serosa of visceral organs and in liver and abdominal serosanguinous fluid. Histopathological examination showed severe hepatic congestion, sinusoidal dilatation, Kupffer cell reactivity, leukostasis and degenerative changes. Fungi were disseminated to the liver, pyloric caeca, kidney, spleen and heart. Although infections caused by Phoma spp. have been repeatedly reported in fish, species identification has been hampered by extensive taxonomic changes. The results of this study confirmed the pathogenicity of P. herbarum in salmonids by using a reliably identified strain during experimental fish infection and provides new knowledge regarding the course of infection.

Erdheim-Chester Disease Presenting with Histiocytic Colitis and Cytokine Storm

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-187
Author(s):  
George P. Christophi ◽  
Yeshika Sharma ◽  
Quader Farhan ◽  
Umang Jain ◽  
Ted Walker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Poor Response ◽  
Rare Type ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Hemodynamic Compromise ◽  
Erdheim Chester Disease ◽  
Erdheim Chester ◽  
Chester Disease ◽  
Segmental Colitis

Background: Non-Langerhans histiocytosis is a group of inflammatory lymphoproliferative disorders originating from non-clonal expansion of hematopoietic stem cells into cytokine-secreting dendritic cells or macrophages. Erdheim-Chester Disease (ECD) is a rare type of non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis characterized by tissue inflammation and injury caused by macrophage infiltration and histologic findings of foamy histiocytes. Often ECD involves the skeleton, retroperitoneum and the orbits. This is the first report documenting ECD manifesting as segmental colitis and causing cytokine-release syndrome.Case presentation: A 68-year old woman presented with persistent fever without infectious etiology and hematochezia. Endoscopy showed segmental colitis and pathology revealed infiltration of large foamy histiocytes CD3-/CD20-/CD68+/CD163+/S100- consistent with ECD. The patient was empirically treated with steroids but continued to have fever and developed progressive distributive shock.Conclusion: This case report describes the differential diagnosis of infectious and immune-mediated inflammatory and rheumatologic segmental colitis. Non-Langerhans histiocytosis and ECD are rare causes of gastrointestinal inflammation. Prompt diagnosis is imperative for the appropriate treatment to prevent hemodynamic compromise due to distributive shock or gastrointestinal bleeding. Importantly, gastrointestinal ECD might exhibit poor response to steroid treatment and other potential treatments including chemotherapy, and biologic treatments targeting IL-1 and TNF-alpha signaling should be considered.Abbreviations: AFB: acid-fast bacilli; ECD: Erdheim-Chester Disease; IBD: inflammatory bowel disease; PASD: periodic acid-Schiff with diastase; TB: tuberculosis

scholarly journals Ectopic atrial arrhythmias arising from canine thoracic veins during in vivo stellate ganglia stimulation

2008 ◽  
Vol 295 (2) ◽  
pp. H691-H698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Y. Tan ◽  
Shengmei Zhou ◽  
Byung Chun Jung ◽  
Masahiro Ogawa ◽  
Lan S. Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Vein ◽  
Sinus Node ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Sympathetic Innervation ◽  
Sympathetic Nerves ◽  
Atrial Arrhythmias ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Stellate Ganglia ◽  
Ectopic Beats

The purpose of the present study was to determine whether thoracic veins may act as ectopic pacemakers and whether nodelike cells and rich sympathetic innervation are present at the ectopic sites. We used a 1,792-electrode mapping system with 1-mm resolution to map ectopic atrial arrhythmias in eight normal dogs during in vivo right and left stellate ganglia (SG) stimulation before and after sinus node crushing. SG stimulation triggered significant elevations of transcardiac norepinephrine levels, sinus tachycardia in all dogs, and atrial tachycardia in two of eight dogs. Sinus node crushing resulted in a slow junctional rhythm (51 ± 6 beats/min). Subsequent SG stimulation induced 20 episodes of ectopic beats in seven dogs and seven episodes of pulmonary vein tachycardia in three dogs (cycle length 273 ± 35 ms, duration 16 ± 4 s). The ectopic beats arose from the pulmonary vein ( n = 11), right atrium ( n = 5), left atrium ( n = 2), and the vein of Marshall ( n = 2). There was no difference in arrhythmogenic effects of left vs. right SG stimulation (13/29 vs. 16/29 episodes, P = nonsignificant). There was a greater density of periodic acid Schiff-positive cells ( P < 0.05) and sympathetic nerves ( P < 0.05) at the ectopic sites compared with other nonectopic atrial sites. We conclude that, in the absence of a sinus node, thoracic veins may function as subsidiary pacemakers under heightened sympathetic tone, becoming the dominant sites of initiation of focal atrial arrhythmias that arise from sites with abundant sympathetic nerves and periodic acid Schiff-positive cells.

scholarly journals The potential renal toxicity of silver nanoparticles after repeated oral exposure and its underlying mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Nosrati ◽  
Manijeh Hamzepoor ◽  
Maryam Sohrabi ◽  
Massoud Saidijam ◽  
Mohammad Javad Assari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Renal Toxicity ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Oral Exposure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff

Abstract Background Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) can accumulate in various organs after oral exposure. The main objective of the current study is to evaluate the renal toxicity induced by AgNPs after repeated oral exposure and to determine the relevant molecular mechanisms. Methods In this study, 40 male Wistar rats were treated with solutions containing 30, 125, 300, and 700 mg/kg of AgNPs. After 28 days of exposure, histopathological changes were assessed using hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), Masson’s trichrome, and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining. Apoptosis was quantified by TUNEL and immunohistochemistry of caspase-3, and the level of expression of the mRNAs of growth factors was determined using RT-PCR. Results Histopathologic examination revealed degenerative changes in the glomeruli, loss of tubular architecture, loss of brush border, and interrupted tubular basal laminae. These changes were more noticeable in groups treated with 30 and 125 mg/kg. The collagen intensity increased in the group treated with 30 mg/kg in both the cortex and the medulla. Apoptosis was much more evident in middle-dose groups (i.e., 125 and 300 mg/kg). The results of RT-PCR indicated that Bcl-2 and Bax mRNAs upregulated in the treated groups (p < 0.05). Moreover, the data related to EGF, TNF-α, and TGF-β1 revealed that AgNPs induced significant changes in gene expression in the groups treated with 30 and 700 mg/kg compared to the control group. Conclusion Our observations showed that AgNPs played a critical role in in vivo renal toxicity.

scholarly journals Morphological and Histological Features of the Vomeronasal Organ in African Pygmy Hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1462
Author(s):  
Daisuke Kondoh ◽  
Yusuke Tanaka ◽  
Yusuke K. Kawai ◽  
Takayuki Mineshige ◽  
Kenichi Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Vomeronasal Organ ◽  
Sensory Epithelium ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Histological Features ◽  
Duct Opening ◽  
Hematoxylin Eosin ◽  
Rostral Part

The vomeronasal organ (VNO) detects specific chemicals such as pheromones and kairomones. Hedgehogs (Eulipotyphla: Erinaceidae) have a well-developed accessory olfactory bulb that receives projections from the VNO, but little is known about the hedgehog VNO. Here, we studied the histological features of the VNO in five individual African pygmy hedgehogs by hematoxylin-eosin, periodic acid-Schiff, and Alcian blue stains. The hedgehog VNO comprises a hyaline cartilage capsule, soft tissue and epithelial lumen, and it branches from the site just before the incisive duct opening into the nasal cavity. The soft tissues contain several small mucous (or mucoserous) glands and a large serous gland, and many venous sinuses all around the lumen. The VNO lumen is round to oval throughout the hedgehog VNO, and the sensory epithelium lines almost the entire rostral part and medial wall of the middle part. These findings indicate that the VNO is functional and plays an important role in the hedgehog. Notably, the VNO apparently has a characteristic flushing mechanism with serous secretions like those of gustatory glands, which the hedgehog might frequently use to recognize the external environment.

scholarly journals Histologic Aspect of the Curved Vomerine Mucosa in Cleft Lip and Palate

2021 ◽  
pp. 105566562110314
Author(s):  
Benito K. Benitez ◽  
Andrzej Brudnicki ◽  
Prasad Nalabothu ◽  
Jeannette A. von Jackowski ◽  
Elisabeth Bruder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Squamous Metaplasia ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Nasal Floor

Background: Common surgical techniques aim to turn the entire vomerine mucosa with vomer flaps either to the oral side or to the nasal side. The latter approach is widely performed due to the similarity in color to the nasal mucosa. However, we lack a histologic description of the curved vomerine mucosa in cleft lip and palate malformations. Methods: We histologically examined an excess of curved vomerine mucosa in 8 patients using hematoxylin–eosin, periodic acid–Schiff, Elastin van Gieson, and Alcian blue stains. Tissue samples were obtained during surgery at 8 months of age. Results: Our histological analysis of the mucoperiosteum overlying the curved vomer revealed characteristics consistent with those of an oral mucosa or a squamous metaplasia of the nasal mucosa, as exhibited by a stratified squamous epithelium containing numerous seromucous glands. Some areas showed a palisaded arrangement of the basal cells compatible with metaplasia of respiratory epithelium, but no goblet cells or respiratory cilia were identified. Abundant fibrosis and rich vascularity were present. Conclusion: The vomer mucosa showed no specific signs of nasal mucosa. These findings should be considered in presurgical cleft orthopedics and palatal surgery for further refinement. Shifting the vomer mucosa according to a fixed physiologic belief should not overrule other important aspects of cleft repair such as primary healing and establishing optimal form and function of palatal roof and nasal floor.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document