69 Invitro production of ovine embryos using either fresh or frozen-thawed semen

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
G. Márquez-Márquez ◽  
A. Velázquez-Roque ◽  
F. Villaseñor-González ◽  
M. Kjelland ◽  
H. Álvarez-Gallardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Semen Quality ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Ovis Aries ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Domestic Sheep ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technique ◽  
Physiological Saline Solution ◽  
Α Level ◽  
Fresh Semen

Invitro embryo production (IVP) is an important tool for genetic improvement in small ruminants. Semen quality is one of the most important aspects to consider for the success of this assisted reproductive technique. With ovine IVP, it is a common practice to use fresh semen for IVF, but this could be a problem because the differences between ejaculates from the same animal are well documented and a source of variation in IVP results. The objective of this research was to compare the effect of fresh and frozen–thawed domestic sheep (Ovis aries) semen on IVF for ovine IVP. The research was carried out in the reproduction laboratory at the Palominos Ranch (Jalisco, México). The IVP was performed with a continuous invitro culture system. Ovaries (n=186) were collected from a slaughterhouse (León, México) and transported to the laboratory within 2h in physiological saline solution (0.9% NaCl) supplemented with penicillin G (100IU mL−1) and streptomycin sulphate (100µg mL−1). For IVP, IVF-Bioscience™ media were used for IVM, IVF, and invitro culture (IVC). For IVM, the cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) were selected (only grades 1 and 2) and matured for 24h at 38.5°C in 5% CO2 in air and 100% humidity. Matured oocytes (n=1000) were invitro fertilized using either fresh or frozen–thawed semen (Triladyl™; Minitube) from the same sheep, at a concentration of 2×106 sperm mL−1, for 18h in 38.5°C, 5% CO2 in air, and 100% humidity. The presumptive zygotes were denuded by pipetting and set in IVC until Day 7 at 38.5°C, 5% CO2, 5% O2, and 90% N2 at 100% humidity. The percentages of cleavage, embryos with more than 6 cells, and blastocysts on Day 7 of culture were evaluated, based on the initial number of oocytes entering into IVM. Statistical analyses were carried out with the GLM procedure of SAS software (version 9.3; SAS Institute Inc.) to evaluate the results of fresh versus frozen–thawed (α level=0.05). Rates of cleavage, embryos with more than 6 cells, and blastocysts on Day 7 were similar (P>0.05): fresh 52.3±3.0%, 43.6±2.6%, and 34.3±2.9%, respectively; frozen–thawed: 53.3%±3.0, 41.1±2.6%, and 33.3±2.9%, respectively. In conclusion, under the conditions of this research, the use of fresh and frozen–thawed semen had similar results for ovine IVP.

51 Comparison of SexedULTRA 4M and conventional semen for invitro production of bovine embryos using two bulls

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
H. Álvarez-Gallardo ◽  
M. Kjelland ◽  
M. Pérez-Martínez ◽  
F. Villaseñor-González ◽  
S. Romo
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Bovine Embryos ◽  
Streptomycin Sulphate ◽  
Cleavage Rate ◽  
Cattle Industry ◽  
Sexed Semen ◽  
Physiological Saline Solution ◽  
Sorting Process ◽  
Α Level

SexedULTRA 4M™ (Select Sires) is made using an improved method of sex-sorting sperm in a less damaging environment for retaining sperm integrity through the sorting process. The combination of invitro embryo production (IVP) and sexed semen technologies has been successful for intensity selection in the cattle industry. The objective of this research was to compare conventional (CONV) and SexedULTRA 4M (ULTRA-4M) semen for bovine IVP using 2 bulls. The research was carried out in the reproduction laboratory at Palominos Ranch (Jalisco, México). The IVP was performed with a continuous invitro culture system. Ovaries from commercial cattle (n=213) were collected from a slaughterhouse (León, México) and transported to the laboratory within 2h in physiological saline solution (0.9% NaCl) supplemented with penicillin G (100IUmL−1) and streptomycin sulphate (100µg mL−1). For IVP, IVF Bioscience™ media were used for IVM, IVF, and invitro culture (IVC). For the IVM, the cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) were selected (grades 1 and 2) and matured for 24h at 38.5°C in 5% CO2 in air and 100% humidity. Matured oocytes (n=1200, divided equally into 3 replicates) were divided into 2 groups, the CONV group and the ULTRA-4M group. The IVF process was conducted with both CONV and ULTRA-4M semen from the 2 bulls, separately, at an adjusted concentration of 2×106 and 0.5×106 sperm mL−1, respectively, for 18h in 38.5°C, 5% CO2 in air, and 100% humidity. The presumptive zygotes were denuded by pipetting and set in IVC until Day 7 at 38.5°C, 5% CO2, 5% O2 and 90% N2 at 100% humidity. The cleavage rate, embryos with more than 6 cells, and blastocysts on Day 7 of culture were evaluated. Statistical analysis was carried out with the GLM procedure of SAS (version 9.3; SAS Institute Inc.) to evaluate the results of CONV versus ULTRA-4M for each bull (α level=0.05). Cleavage rates were 57.1%±1.5 and 59.4%±1.5, respectively in CONV and ULTRA-4M groups with Bull 1 and 43.3%±1.5 and 45.2%±1.5 with Bull 2. The percentages of embryos with more than 6 cells were 51.4%±1.0 and 53.9%±1.0, respectively, with CONV and ULTRA-4M with Bull 1 and 30.4%±1.0 and 33.4%±1.0 with Bull 2. The percentage of blastocysts on Day 7 with Bull 1 was 34.4%±1.7 for CONV and 36.2%±1.7 for ULTRA-4M; for Bull 2, the results were 26.5%±1.7 for CONV and 29.5%±1.7 for ULTRA-4M. There were no significant differences between the CONV and ULTRA-4M groups (P>0.05) for all variables analysed for each bull; however, Bull 1 was significantly superior to Bull 2 for all variables analysed. In conclusion, under the conditions of this research, ULTRA-4M and CONV semen produced similar bovine IVP results.

71 Comparison of sexed semen ULTRA-4M with conventional semen for the invitro production of bovine embryos

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
H. Alvarez ◽  
M. Kjelland ◽  
F. Villaseñor ◽  
M. Pérez ◽  
S. Romo
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Cleavage Rate ◽  
Cattle Industry ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Sexed Semen ◽  
Physiological Saline Solution ◽  
Α Level

The first commercial production of sexed semen was at the Cogent company in the United Kingdom. Since then millions of offspring have been born using sexed semen produced by flow cytometry. Sexed semen technology has recently been modernized to what is now known as ULTRA (ST Genetics), completely modifying the technique, medium, and sperm concentration. In field trials using AI, there was no difference between conventional semen (CONV) and ultra-sexed semen at a concentration of 4 million sperm per straw (ULTRA-4M). The combination of invitro embryo production (IVP) and sexed semen technologies has been successful for intensity selection in the cattle industry. The objective of this work was to compare the CONV and ULTRA-4M semen for bovine IVP. The research was carried out in the reproduction laboratory at the Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (FESC-UNAM). The IVP was performed with a continuous invitro culture (IVC) system. Ovaries (n=213) were collected from a slaughterhouse (Querétaro, México) and transported to the laboratory within 2h (FESC-UNAM) in physiological saline solution (0.9% NaCl) supplemented with penicillin G (100IUmL−1) and streptomycin sulfate (100µgmL−1). For IVP, VITROGEN media were used for IVM, IVF, and IVC. For the IVM, the cumulus-oocyte complexes were selected (only grades 1 and 2) and matured for 24h at 38.5°C in 5% CO2, 95% air, and 100% humidity. Matured oocytes (n=1000) were divided into two groups, the CONV group and the ULTRA-4M group. The IVF process was developed with CONV and ULTRA-4M semen from the same bull (Holstein) at a concentration of 2×106 and 0.5×106 spermmL−1, respectively, for 18h in 38.5°C, 5% CO2, 95% air, and 100% humidity. The presumptive zygotes were denuded by pipetting and left in IVC until Day 7 at 38.5°C, 5% CO2, 5% O2, and 90% N2 at 100% humidity. The cleavage rate, embryos of more than 6 cells, and blastocysts on Day 7 of culture were evaluated. The statistical analysis was carried out with the GLM procedure of the SAS software (version 9.3; SAS Institute Inc.) to evaluate the results of CONV vs. ULTRA-4M (α level=0.05). Percent cleavage for CONV was 72.2%±2.53 and 75.6%±2.53 for ULTRA-4M. For embryos with more than 6 cells, the results for CONV and ULTRA-4M were 59.8%±5.61 and 62.8%±5.61, respectively. The percentage of blastocysts on Day 7 was 37.8%±5.39 for CONV and 43.6%±5.39 for ULTRA-4M. There were no significant differences between the groups (P>0.05) for all variables analysed. Although the number of blastocysts on Day 7 were numerically higher in the ULTRA-4M, differences were not significant. In conclusion, under the conditions of this research the ULTRA-4M had similar results as CONV for bovine IVP.

Artificial insemination of small ruminants — A review

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Faigl ◽  
Nóra Vass ◽  
András Jávor ◽  
Margit Kulcsár ◽  
László Solti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technique ◽  
Frozen Semen ◽  
Semen Processing ◽  
Reproductive Technique

Artificial insemination (AI) can undoubtedly be regarded as the oldest and most widely used assisted reproductive technique/technology (ART) applied in livestock production and it is one of the most important ARTs. The three cornerstones of its application are that it is simple, economical and successful. Artificial insemination offers many well-known benefits for producers. Fresh, fresh + diluted + chilled and frozen semen can be used for AI in small ruminants. To ensure its successful use, the AI technique must be selected on the basis of the type of semen planned to be used. This review paper gives a detailed overview of semen processing and its effects on semen quality, as well as of the AI techniques applied in small ruminants and their success rates.

scholarly journals Fresh semen characteristics in captive accipitrid and falconid birds of prey

2020 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-300
Author(s):  
Vladimír Piaček ◽  
Jan Zukal ◽  
Veronika Seidlová ◽  
Tomáš Heger ◽  
Monika Němcová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Birds Of Prey ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technique ◽  
Peregrine Falcons ◽  
Semen Characteristics ◽  
Northern Goshawks ◽  
Fresh Semen

Artificial insemination (AI) is the most frequently used assisted reproductive technique for captive propagation of rare avian species. As semen quality is critical for reproductive success, baseline data are needed for evaluating and selecting the best male bird donors. To this end, we used computer-assisted semen analysis to assess male eastern imperial eagles (n = 7), northern goshawks (n = 24) and peregrine falcons (n = 20). While imperial eagles and northern goshawks donate ejaculate voluntarily, peregrine falcons required cloacal massage. Eight peregrine falcon females were inseminated with semen from eight males, with fresh ejaculates (15 to 50 µl) applied to the pars uterina of the oviduct immediately after collection and examination. All females were inseminated within 2 h of laying an egg. A fertilization rate of 70% was achieved using this method. Minimum semen characteristics associated with egg fertilization included a semen concentration of 115.12 × 106/ml, 33.52% total motility, 1.92% spermatozoa with progressive motility and 0.17% with rapid motility. Comparative data on spermatozoa concentration and kinematics suggest that eastern imperial eagles concentrate on high quality semen investment at the start of the breeding season, northern goshawks compensate for a decrease in motility-associated parameters with increased semen concentration and peregrine falcons maintain semen production standards throughout the breeding season. Our data show that, in birds of prey, levels of egg fertilization following AI with fresh semen can be almost as successful as after natural mating.

68 Comparison of two Percoll gradients for selection of frozen semen for invitro production of ovine embryos

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
A. Velázquez-Roque ◽  
F. Villaseñor-González ◽  
G. Márquez-Márquez ◽  
M. Kjelland ◽  
H. Álvarez-Gallardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Bottom Layer ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Sperm Selection ◽  
Percoll Gradient ◽  
Cleavage Rate ◽  
Frozen Semen ◽  
Percoll Gradients ◽  
Α Level

Sperm selection methods are routinely applied to prepare semen for IVF in animal species. These procedures are used to improve sperm quality characteristics as well as to remove other background material and debris. Percoll gradient is widely used in animal IVF laboratories. Different Percoll gradient concentrations and volumes can be used to improve the sperm sample motility percentage. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of 2 different Percoll concentrations for ovine IVF sperm selection and effects, if any, on invitro embryo production (IVP). Specifically, Percoll gradients consisted of Group 1 (G1) 40–80% and Group 2 (G2) 45–90%, 400µL each. The research was carried out in the reproduction laboratory at Palominos Ranch (Jalisco, México). The IVP was performed with a continuous invitro culture system. Ovaries (n=157) were collected from a slaughterhouse (León, México) and transported to the laboratory within 2h in physiological saline solution (0.9% NaCl) supplemented with penicillin G (100IU mL−1) and streptomycin sulphate (100µg mL−1). For IVP, IVF Bioscience™ media were used for IVM, IVF, and invitro culture (IVC). For IVM, the cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) were selected (only grades 1 and 2) and matured for 24h at 38.5°C in 5% CO2 in air and 100% humidity. Matured oocytes (n=800, divided equally into 4 replicates) were divided into 2 groups, G1 and G2. The IVF process was conducted with semen selected through a mini-Percoll technique with gradients at a concentration of 45% (top layer) and 90% (bottom layer) or 40% (top layer) and 80% (bottom layer) for G1 and G2, respectively, using frozen–thawed semen from the same ram, at a concentration of 2×106 sperm mL−1, for 18h in 38.5°C, 5% CO2 in air, and 100% humidity. The presumptive zygotes were denuded by pipetting and set in IVC until Day 7 at 38.5°C, 5% CO2, 5% O2, and 90% N2 at 100% humidity. The percentages of cleavage, embryos with more than 6 cells, and blastocysts on Day 7 of culture were evaluated, based on the initial number of oocytes entering into IVM. The statistical analyses were carried out with the GLM procedure of SAS software (version 9.3; SAS Institute Inc.) to evaluate the results of G1 versus G2 (α level=0.05). Cleavage rate was 47.8%±2.5 and 55.9%±2.5, respectively, in G1 and G2. The percentages of embryos with more than 6 cells were 38.1%±2.2 and 43.5%±2.2, respectively, in G1 and G2. The percentage of blastocysts on Day 7 was 27.4%±1.1 and 37.3%±1.1, respectively, in G1 and G2. There were no significant differences between groups (P>0.05) for percentage of cleavage and embryos with more than 6 cells, although the percentage of cleavage tended to be greater for G2 (P=0.06). Additionally, G2 had a larger percentage of blastocysts on Day 7 compared with G1 (P<0.05). In conclusion, under the conditions of this research, the use of a Percoll gradient at a concentration of 40–80% increased the percentage of blastocysts for ovine IVP.

Sem Studies of Co-Cr-Mo Surgical Implant Alloy Corrosion Behavior

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 520-521
Author(s):  
Ann Chidester Van Orden ◽  
John L. Chidester ◽  
Anna C. Fraker ◽  
Pei Sung
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Anodic Polarization ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Saturated Calomel Electrode ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Physiological Saline Solution ◽  
Scanning Electron

The influence of small variations in the composition on the corrosion behavior of Co-Cr-Mo alloys has been studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX), and electrochemical measurements. SEM and EDX data were correlated with data from in vitro corrosion measurements involving repassivation and also potentiostatic anodic polarization measurements. Specimens studied included the four alloys shown in Table 1. Corrosion tests were conducted in Hanks' physiological saline solution which has a pH of 7.4 and was held at a temperature of 37°C. Specimens were mechanically polished to a surface finish with 0.05 µm A1203, then exposed to the solution and anodically polarized at a rate of 0.006 v/min. All voltages were measured vs. the saturated calomel electrode (s.c.e.).. Specimens had breakdown potentials near 0.47V vs. s.c.e.

Erythrophagocytosis by Entamoeba histolytica.- Ultrastructural Study

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 156-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norberto Treviño ◽  
Alfredo Feria-Velasco ◽  
I. Ruiz de Chávez
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Physiological Saline Solution ◽  
Axenic Conditions

Although erythrophagocytosis by various species of Entamoeba is a well known phenomenon this has not yet been studied in detail at the ultrastructural level. The present work deals with the description of the incorporation process of erythrocytes by trophozoites of E. histolytica. For this study, trophozoites of E. histolytica, HK-9:NIH strain cultured in axenic conditions and washed human erythrocytes were placed on a hot plate at 37°C in physiological saline solution. After 5 minutes, 2.5% glutarldehyde was added and the samples were processed according to conventional techniques for electron microscopy.Based upon light microscopy studies on living trophozoites in contact with erythrocytes, it seems that erythrophagocytosis only takes place in one pole of the parasite.

Quality of ram spermatozoa separated with modified swim up method

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Hossain ◽  
MM Islam ◽  
F Naznin ◽  
RN Ferdousi ◽  
FY Bari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Semen Quality ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Fluid Medium ◽  
Normal Morphology ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mass Activity ◽  
Fresh Semen ◽  
Artificial Vagina

Semen was collected from four rams, using artificial vagina and viability%, motility% and plasma membrane integrity% were measured. Fresh ejaculates (n = 32) were separated by modified swim-up separation using modified human tubal fluid medium. Four fractions of supernatant were collected at 15-minute intervals. The mean volume, mass activity, concentration, motility%, viability%, normal morphology and membrane integrity% (HOST +ve) of fresh semen were 1.0 ± 0.14, 4.1 ± 0.1 × 109 spermatozoa/ml, 85.0 ± 1.3, 89.4 ± 1.0, 85.5 ± 0.7, 84.7 ± 0.5 respectively. There was no significant (P>0.05) difference in fresh semen quality parameters between rams. The motility%, viability% and HOST +ve % of first, second, third and fourth fractions were 53.4 ± 0.5, 68.2 ± 0.3, 74.8 ± 0.3 and 65.5 ± 0.4; 55.5 ± 0.4, 66.2 ± 0.4, 74.5 ± 0.3 and 73.6 ± 0.3 and 66.7 ± 0.5, 66.8 ± 0.5, 65.2 ± 0.4 and 74.7 ± 0.5 respectively. The motility%, viability% and membrane integrity% of separated semen samples differed significantly (P<0.05) between four fractions. The mean motility% and viability% were significantly higher (P<0.05) in third fraction (74.8 ± 0.3%), whereas the mean HOST +ve% was significantly higher (P<0.05) in fourth fraction (74.7 ± 0.5). All quality parameters of separated spermatozoa were significantly (P<0.05) lower than that of fresh semen. The pregnancy rates were higher with fresh semen (71%) in comparison to that of separated sample (57%).Bangl. vet. 2016. Vol. 33, No. 2, 62-70

scholarly journals Macro- and microelements in serum and seminal plasma as biomarkers for bull sperm cryotolerance

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Zakošek Pipan ◽  
Petra Zrimšek ◽  
Breda Jakovac Strajn ◽  
Katarina Pavšič Vrtač ◽  
Tanja Knific ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Additional Tool ◽  
Bull Semen ◽  
Bull Sperm ◽  
Fresh Semen

ABSTRACT Background Wide variation in fertility rates is observed when using frozen bull semen, even when the bulls have met quality standards for semen production. Therefore, a simple and reliable test to assess the freezing potential of bull semen based on the analysis of fresh semen or blood would be of great value. Attention is now turning to assessment of seminal plasma components such as proteins and elements. In the present study, the concentrations of macro- and microelements in fresh bull semen plasma and in serum and their correlation with quality characteristics of fresh semen and with semen quality after freezing and thawing were determined. Ejaculates were collected from 30 mature bulls, and semen volume, concentration, sperm motility, morphology, tail membrane integrity, plasma membrane permeability and DNA fragmentation were determined on the day of collection and after freezing and thawing. The concentrations of macroelements (Na, Mg, K and Ca) and microelements (Cu, Fe, Zn and Se) were determined in the seminal plasma and serum. The semen samples were classified into satisfactory and unsatisfactory groups according to the fresh semen quality. Results Zinc and Se levels measured in serum were associated with almost all fresh and frozen-thawed semen quality characteristics, while Fe levels were associated only with acrosomal defects in fresh semen. Zinc and Fe levels in fresh seminal plasma were associated with various quality characteristics of fresh and frozen-thawed semen, while Se level in fresh seminal plasma was not associated with any of the semen quality characteristics. Conclusions Microelements were shown to be useful as biomarkers involved in the analysis of bull sperm quality and could be used as an additional tool to predict bull semen quality after freezing and thawing. Our results confirm that the analysis of Zn and Se levels in serum and Zn, Cu and Fe levels in fresh seminal plasma can provide information to discriminate between bull semen samples with spermatozoa with high or low cryotolerance.

Resection of bone by sagittal saw: Investigation of effects of blade speed, feed rate, and irrigation on temperature rise

2021 ◽  
pp. 095441192199948
Author(s):  
Ehsan Shakouri ◽  
Pezhman Ghorbani ◽  
Pedram Pourheidari ◽  
Saeed Fotuhi
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Rise ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
The State ◽  
Physiological Saline Solution ◽  
Allowable Range ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Saw Blade ◽  
Oscillation Rate

Heat generation during bone cutting by sagittal saw may lead to temperature rise and possible incidence of thermal necrosis. The aim of the present research is to examine the effect of saw blade oscillation rate, blade feed rate, and irrigation by physiological saline solution on the bone temperature rise during sawing in order to determine the desired conditions for reducing the extent of thermal damage. For this purpose, empirical tests of bovine femur cutting were performed in 15 states, including five levels for the blade oscillation rate (10,000–18,000 cpm with 2000 cpm intervals) and three levels for the feed rate (10–30 mm.min−1 with 10 mm.min−1 intervals) for dry conditions; and five states, including five levels for the blade oscillation rate (10,000–18,000 cpm with 2000 cpm intervals) and one level in feed rate of 20 mm.min−1 for the irrigation conditions. The results indicated that the bone temperature rise had a direct relationship with the blade oscillation rate and an inverse relationship with its feed rate. In the state of no cooling, the minimum temperature rise (Δ T = 65.45°C) occurred at the blade speed of 10,000 cpm and feed rate of 30 mm.min−1, while in the state of sawing with irrigation, the temperature rise almost did not exceed the allowable range (Δ T ≤ 10°C). The results suggested that to lower the possibility of incidence of osteonecrosis in the bone resection by sagittal saw, cooling with physiological saline solution or application of the minimum blade oscillation rate and maximum feed rate is recommended.

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