151 Associations of Testicular Size and Arterial Blood Flow with Sexual Development and Semen Characteristics in Dorper Rams Raised in a Subtropical Climate

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
E. S. C. Camela ◽  
R. P. Nociti ◽  
V. J. C. Santos ◽  
B. I. Macente ◽  
G. S. Maciel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Pulsatility Index ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Blood Perfusion ◽  
Arterial Blood Flow ◽  
Subtropical Climate ◽  
Testicular Artery ◽  
Semen Volume ◽  
Spectral Doppler ◽  
Sexually Mature

Spectral Doppler (velocimetric) indices are important indicators of blood perfusion and physiological status of internal organs. Doppler ultrasound is used in andrology to assess the blood flow in the testicular arteries, aiding in the diagnosis of scrotal disorders and abnormal spermatogenesis. It was proposed that blood flow indices measured in the testicular artery, namely, blood flow resistance and pulsatility index, were significant predictors of semen quality in clinically healthy dogs. There is a paucity of studies on the associations of testicular morphology and blood flow dynamics with spermatogenesis in growing rams. Forty-five Dorper rams (24 rams aged 8 to 11 months and 21 rams aged 12 to 24 months) were examined using a portable ultrasound scanner connectecd to a linear-array 7.5-MHz transducer. Measurements of the testes were taken with built-in electronic calipers on images containing the largest cross-sectional area of each testicle in 3 planes (coronal, sagittal, and transverse). Colour and spectral Doppler scans were performed immediately after scrotal ultrasonography to detect the testicular arteries and record the following velocimetric indices: peak systolic velocity (PSV, cm/s), end-diastolic velocity (EDV, cm/s), resistive index (RI = [PSV – EDV)/PSV], and pulsatility index [PI = (SPV – EDV)/mean velocity] of the blood vessels. The length (9.7 ± 0.3 v. 9.0 ± 0.2 cm; mean ± SD) of the testes and scrotal circumference (33.3 ± 0.5 v. 31.8 ± 0.4 cm) were greater (P < 0.05) in sexually mature rams than in peri-pubertal rams. There were no differences (P > 0.05) between the 2 age groups of Dorper rams in mean values for blood flow indices measured in testicular arteries. Semen was collected by ejaculation into the artificial vagina from 38% (8/21) of post-pubertal rams and 21% (5/24) of peri-pubertal animals (Chi-squared test; P < 0.05). Semen volume was negatively correlated with PI of the testicular arteries (r = –0.57, P = 0.04). In summary, the attainment of sexual maturity in Dorper rams maintained in a subtropical climate was associated with significant elongation of testes but not with the changes in testicular volume and blood perfusion. Testicular artery PI was a significant predictor of semen volume in peri-pubertal and sexually mature rams. Based on this and several previous studies, B-mode ultrasonography combined with echotextural analyses of the epididymides and accessory sex glands and serum testosterone measurements provide more useful information on the progression of sexual maturation and present semen quality in rams than the ultrasonographic assessment of testicular dimensions and an array of blood flow indices.

scholarly journals Correlation between Testicular Hemodynamic and Semen Quality Indices in Clinical Varicocele Patients in Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaleeq Ur Rehman ◽  
Hafsa Zaneb ◽  
Abdul Basit Qureshi ◽  
Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf ◽  
Ahsan Numan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Color Doppler ◽  
Resistive Index ◽  
Arterial Blood Flow ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Apparent Lack ◽  
Progressive Motility ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Testicular Blood Flow

Varicocele, a vascular event, is associated with infertility due to testicular damage that causes abnormal spermatogenesis in males. The goal of this study is to ascertain the diagnostic significance of scrotal color Doppler ultrasonography (CDUS) by measuring peak systolic value (PSV) and resistive index (RI) of the arteries supplying blood to the testis and their association with semen quality attributes. Sixty prospective patients (age: 20-50 years) undergoing microsurgical varicocelectomy at a teaching hospital were included in the study. Semen parameters and CDUS were recorded and testicular blood flow was determined as PSV and RI of subcapsular artery and intraparenchymal artery of the testes. Nonparametric statistics was applied to test the correlation/association of the semen quality with the PSV, RI, and other variables. Results revealed a significant negative correlation (r = -0.28; p < 0.05) between progressive motility of spermatozoa and resistive index of the intraparenchymal arterial blood flow. Furthermore, it was noticed that the progressive motility of spermatozoa was tended to be negatively correlated (r = -0.236) with resistive index of subcapsular arterial blood flow. In conclusion, this study has revealed that progressive motility of sperms has correlation with the intraparenchymal blood flow of testes. The progressive motility of sperms could be correlated with RI of testicular blood flow. The apparent lack of association between diameter of varicocele vein and semen quality signifies the need of investigating some other factors that may be involved in pathogenicity of varicocele. The diagnostic value of CDUS may be carefully interpreted and clinically correlated in assessment of severity of varicocele.

scholarly journals B-mode and Doppler Ultrasonography of Accessory Genital Glands and Testes in Male Goats During the Breeding Season

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Talaat Elbaz ◽  
Ahmed Mohamed Sharshar ◽  
Ahmed Essam Elweza
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Pulsatility Index ◽  
Doppler Ultrasonography ◽  
Resistive Index ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Accessory Sex Glands ◽  
Spectral Doppler ◽  
Doppler Indices ◽  
Sexually Mature

The aims of the present study were to scan the echogenicity of reproductive organs of bucks during the breeding season. The influence of testosterone on haemodynamic Doppler indices of accessory genital glands of breeding bucks was also examined. Ten clinically healthy, sexually mature, Egyptian Baladi male goats were examined and the testes, tail of epididymis and accessory sex glands imaged using greyscale B-mode, colour Doppler ultrasonography. The spectral Doppler indices (pulsatility index and resistive index) were measured. Blood samples were collected and serum concentrations of testosterone, FSH and LH were determined. The results revealed that the echogenicity of testes, tail of epididymis and accessory genital glands was changed by breeding season. Pulsatility index values of supra-testicular artery, marginal artery, tail of the epididymis, ampulla, vesicular gland, pars disseminata of the prostate and bulbourethral gland were 0.85±0.04, 0.54±0.03, 0.4±0.03, 0.37±0.04, 0.51±0.03, 0.39±0.02 and 0.41±0.04, respectively. The resistive index of the above criteria were 0.51±0.04, 0.37±0.02, 0.3±0.03, 0.27±0.02, 0.31±0.03, 0.32±0.03 and 0.32±0.03, respectively. Serum testosterone concentration was 4.78±0.46 ng/mL. Furthermore, FSH and LH were 3.71±0.43 and 1.8±0.17 mIU/mL, respectively. Interestingly, testosterone clearly deceased the values of the both the pulsatility and resistive indices of the accessory genital glands of breeding bucks. Season modified the echogenicity of testes, epididymis and accessory genital glands. Testosterone regulated the reproductive indices of blood flow of the accessory genital glands of breeding bucks. Thus, this study could serve as a baseline of reference values of Egyptian Baladi male goats during the breeding season to improve reproductive efficiency.

Vascular Patterns of the Mammalian Testis and their Functional Significance

1949 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. HARRISON ◽  
J. S. WEINER
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Species Differences ◽  
Close Relation ◽  
Arterial Blood Flow ◽  
Testicular Artery ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Pampiniform Plexus ◽  
Variable Extent ◽  
Thermoregulatory Function

The testicular artery in mammals convolutes to a variable extent before reaching the testis, and is closely surrounded by the veins of the pampiniform plexus. Evidence is presented suggesting that this vascular mechanism has a thermoregulatory function for the testis. Species differences in the degree of convolution and calibre of the testicular artery and its relation to the veins of the pampiniform plexus would appear to account in some measure for observed differences in abdomino-testicular temperature gradient. Experiments on dogs, rams, and goats also indicate that the close relation of the pampiniform plexus of veins to the testicular artery is well adapted to bringing about preheating or precooling of arterial blood flow to the testis. We are indebted to Prof. H. C. Bazett for the method of soldering the thermocouples and gifts of plastic tubing, and for his interest in the initial stages of these experiments. We also wish to thank the late Dr A. E. Barclay for his help with the radiography in this investigation.

scholarly journals P2-415: LOWER ARTERIAL BLOOD FLOW AND HIGHER PULSATILITY INDEX ARE ASSOCIATED WITH NEURONAL INJURY

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. P767-P769
Author(s):  
Jack F.V. Hunt ◽  
Nicholas M. Vogt ◽  
Paul Cary ◽  
Douglas C. Dean ◽  
Erin Jonaitis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Pulsatility Index ◽  
Neuronal Injury ◽  
Arterial Blood Flow ◽  
Arterial Blood

Changes in testicular size, echotexture, and arterial blood flow associated with the attainment of puberty in Dorper rams raised in a subtropical climate

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Efigénia S. C. Camela ◽  
Ricardo P. Nociti ◽  
Victor J. C. Santos ◽  
Beatrice I. Macente ◽  
Maciej Murawski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Arterial Blood Flow ◽  
Subtropical Climate ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Testicular Size

scholarly journals IC-P-109: LOWER ARTERIAL BLOOD FLOW AND HIGHER PULSATILITY INDEX ARE ASSOCIATED WITH NEURONAL INJURY

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. P93-P95
Author(s):  
Jack F.V. Hunt ◽  
Nicholas M. Vogt ◽  
Paul Cary ◽  
Douglas C. Dean ◽  
Erin Jonaitis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Pulsatility Index ◽  
Neuronal Injury ◽  
Arterial Blood Flow ◽  
Arterial Blood

Impact of intrinsic blood flow regulation in cirrhosis: maintenance of hepatic arterial buffer response

2000 ◽  
Vol 279 (2) ◽  
pp. G454-G462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Richter ◽  
Isabella Mücke ◽  
Michael D. Menger ◽  
Brigitte Vollmar
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Blood Perfusion ◽  
Flow Regulation ◽  
Arterial Blood Flow ◽  
Venous Blood Flow ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Blood Flow Regulation ◽  
The Impact

The hepatic arterial buffer response (HABR) effectively controls total blood perfusion in normal livers, but little is known about blood flow regulation in cirrhosis. We therefore studied the impact of HABR on blood perfusion of cirrhotic livers in vivo. After 8-wk CCl4 treatment to induce cirrhosis, 18 anesthetized rats (and 18 noncirrhotic controls) were used to simultaneously assess portal venous and hepatic arterial inflow with miniaturized ultrasonic flow probes. Stepwise hepatic arterial blood flow (HAF) or portal venous blood flow (PVF) reduction was performed. Cirrhotic livers revealed a significantly reduced total hepatic blood flow (12.3 ± 0.9 ml/min) due to markedly diminished PVF (7.3 ± 0.8 ml/min) but slightly increased HAF (5.0 ± 0.6 ml/min) compared with noncirrhotic controls (19.0 ± 1.6, 15.2 ± 1.3, and 3.8 ± 0.4 ml/min). PVF reduction caused a significant HABR, i.e., increase of HAF, in both normal and cirrhotic livers; however, buffer capacity of cirrhotic livers exceeded that of normal livers ( P < 0.05) by 1.7- to 4.5-fold (PVF 80% and 20% of baseline). Persistent PVF reduction for 1, 2, and 6 h demonstrated constant HABR in both groups. Furthermore, HABR could be repetitively provoked, as analyzed by intermittent PVF reduction. HAF reduction did not induce changes of portal flow in either group. Because PVF is reduced in cirrhosis, the maintenance of HAF and the preserved HABR must be considered as a protective effect on overall hepatic circulation, counteracting impaired nutritive blood supply via the portal vein.

scholarly journals Indexes of arterial blood flow in the utero-placental and fetal-placental circulation

2002 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-12
Author(s):  
A. A. Polyanin ◽  
Igor Y. Kogan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Renal Artery ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Pulsatility Index ◽  
Uterine Artery ◽  
Umbilical Artery ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Arterial Blood Flow ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Normal Ranges

The aim of this study was to asses the normal ranges for S/D ratio and pulsatility index (PI) for umbilical artery (UA), aorta (A), middle cerebral artery (MCA), renal artery (RA) and uterine artery (UtA) during normal pregnancy. Results showed decrease of S/D ratio and PI for UA, UtA from 8 to 40 weeks of gestation and PI for RA from 20 to 40 weeks of gestation. S/D ratio and PI for A was not changed during second half of normal pregnancy. S/D ratio and PI for MCA were increased from 20 to 30 weeks of gestation and after that had tendency of decreasing to term.

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