11 STRATEGIES TO MODULATE THE PERI-OVULATORY ENDOCRINE MILIEU BY CONTROLLING PROGESTERONE CONCENTRATIONS PRE- AND POST-INSEMINATION IN BEEF COWS

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
G. Pugliesi ◽  
E. Lopes ◽  
A. M. G. Diaza ◽  
M. R. França ◽  
R. S. Ramos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Dominant Follicle ◽  
Follicle Growth ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
To Receive

Recent evidence indicates that progesterone (P4) secretion from corpus luteum (CL) is affected by preovulatory follicle (POF) size and that increased circulating P4 during early diestrus has a positive effect on embryo development and pregnancy rates in cattle. Despite the embryotrophic effects, early administration of P4 may impair CL growth and anticipates luteolysis. Owing to develop favourable peri-ovulatory endocrine milieus to pregnancy success, we evaluated in beef cows (1) the effect of CL presence during dominant follicle growth on follicular vascularization, size and ovulation rate and (2) the effects of POF size and supplementation of long-acting P4 post-AI on CL development and regression. Sixty-six Nelore cows received an intravaginal P4 device and an injection of oestradiol benzoate on Day 10 (5–10 days post-oestrus), and were split to receive sodium cloprostenol [prostaglandin F2α (PGF2); large follicle (LF); n = 31) or not [small follicle (SF); n = 35]. Devices were removed and PGF2 was injected on Day 1.75. Ovulation was induced with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH; buserelin acetate) on Day 0. Cows were inseminated twice on Days 0.5 and 1. Cows that ovulated were assigned to receive placebo (LF/control group, n = 14; and SF/control group, n = 9) or 150 mg of long-acting P4 on D4.5 (LF/P4 group, n = 13; and SF/P4 group, n = 12). Colour-Doppler ultrasound scanning was done on Days 10, 6, 2, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 4.5, 7.5, and 15.5. Structural luteolysis was detected by 25% decrease in CL area and 50% in luteal blood flow of subsequent scanning. Data were analysed for the main effects of POF size and supplementation and their interaction using the PROC MIXED procedure of SAS (SAS Institue Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Follicle diameter (mm) on Day 2 (11.4 ± 0.4 v. 8.4 ± 0.3) and POF (14.1 ± 0.3 v. 12.5 ± 0.3) were greater (P < 0.05) in LF group. Percentage of luteal blood flow in follicle wall was greater (P < 0.05) on Day 0.5 (33.9 ± 3.4 v. 22.8 ± 3.6) and 1 (48.9 ± 4.8 v. 28.3 ± 4.3) in the LF group. Ovulation rate was lower (P < 0.05) in the SF group (60%, 21/35) than in the LF group (90%, 28/31), suggesting that a functional CL during dominant follicle growth is less favourable to pregnancy success due to 30% reduction in fertilizing potential of non-ovulated follicles. For luteal area (cm2), an effect (P < 0.05) of POF size was detected on Day 4.5 (1.7 ± 0.1 v. 1.3 ± 0.1), 7.5 (2.8 ± 0.2 v. 2.2 ± 0.1), and 15.5 (2.5 ± 0.1 v. 2.2 ± 0.2) in the LF and SF groups, respectively. Luteal blood flow was greater (P < 0.05) in the LF groups (40.4 ± 1.7 and 47.6 ± 3.4) than in the SF groups (35.7 ± 1.5 and 37.9 ± 4.1) on Day 4.5 and 15.5, respectively. This indicates that larger and more vascularized POF may be associated with greater CL vascularization in addition to greater CL size. The frequency of cows with early luteolysis did not differ (P > 0.1) between P4-treated (5/25) and placebo-treated (1/23) cows. We suggest that the P4 supplementation did not severely induce early luteolysis in inseminated cows and that the P4-embryotrophic effects may down-regulate the mechanisms involved in the earlier luteolytic process caused by greater exposure of uterus to P4. Support for this study was provided by the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP, Sao Paulo, Brazil) and Ourofino (Cravinhos, SP, Brazil).

115 FOLLICULAR GROWTH AND BLOOD FLOW OF THE DOMINANT FOLLICLE IN CROSSBRED RECIPIENTS TREATED WITH eCG

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
M. P. Palhao ◽  
N. S. Junior ◽  
C. R. B. Guimarães ◽  
C. A. C. Fernandes ◽  
M. E. O. Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Follicular Growth ◽  
Dominant Follicle ◽  
Follicle Diameter ◽  
Transfer Protocol

This study aimed to explore changes in follicle diameter and blood flow of the dominant follicle (DF), in ovulation and embryo transfer rates, after inclusion of eCG in a protocol for timed embryo transfer. The effect presence or absence of a corpus luteum (CL) at the start of treatment was also included. Crossbred heifers (n = 116, Bos taurus × Bos indicus), with (n = 61) or without (n = 55) CL, were included in the same hormone protocol: Day 0 (D0), insertion of progesterone (P4) device (1.0 g, Sincrogest®, Ouro Fino, São Paulo, Brazil) and 2 mg of oestradiol benzoato (EB, Sincrodiol®, Ouro Fino); D8, removal of P4 device and injection of sodium Cloprostenol (0.250 mg mL–1, Sincrocio®, Ouro Fino). On D8, the animals with and without CL – at the beginning of the protocol – were equally divided into 2 groups (G): G1 – injection of 300 IU (2.0 mL) of eCG (n = 56; Synchro eCG®, Ouro Fino); G2 – 2.0 mL of saline (n = 60). The ovulations were synchronized with 1 mg of EB on D9. From D8 to D11, the diameter of the DF and blood flow in its wall were recorded daily (M5 ultrasound with colour Doppler technology, 7.5-MHz linear array, DPS medical equipment, São Paulo, Brazil). Approximately 100 frames in colour-flow mode, containing entire cross-sections of the DF, were recorded during each examination. The area of the follicular wall with coloured pixels was measured with ImageJ software (Image Processing and Analysis in Java) from the frame with the largest blood flow signal. Before embryo transfer, all heifers were evaluated, and those with good-quality CL received frozen/thawed embryos (ethylene glycol 1.5 mol). Follicle diameter and blood flow area were compared between groups with or without CL before timed embryo transfer protocol and between eCG treatments. The PROC GLM procedure of SAS (version 9.0) and the t-test were used to assess the differences between means. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed on D35. Embryo transfer (ET) rate of the recipients and pregnancy rate were compared between CL or eCG treatments by the chi-squared test. Ovarian status, before hormone protocol, did not change (P > 0.05) the follicular growth of the DF. However, ovulation rate (78.8 v. 65.4%, P < 0.05) and ET rate (78.7 v. 65.4%, P < 0.05) were higher in animals with CL on D0. From D8 to D10, the inclusion of eCG did not affect (P > 0.05) follicular growth and blood flow of the DF. The time effect (P < 0.0001) for follicular blood flow had shown an increase in area of blood flow 24 h after implant removal (7.7 ± 0.7,b 10.2 ± 0.7,a and 12.3 ± 1.0a mm2, for Days 8, 9, and 10, respectively). The eCG did not affect (P > 0.05) the ovulation rate (71.4 and 73.3%, respectively, eCG and no eCG), however, approached an increased (P < 0.06) ET rate (78.8 v. 66.7%). The overall pregnancy rate (51.2%, 43/84) was not affected (P > 0.05) by evaluated variables. In summary, the addition of 300 IU of eCG on D8 of the timed embryo transfer protocol did not change the development of DF but increased the ET rate of the recipients. Biotran, FAPEMIG (project number APQ-1454-12), and CnPQ are acknowledged.

11 FERTILITY RESPONSE IN SUCKLED BEEF COWS SUPPLEMENTED WITH LONG-ACTING PROGESTERONE AFTER TIMED ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 98 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Pugliesi ◽  
F. B. Santos ◽  
E. Lopes ◽  
É. Nogueira ◽  
J. R. G. Maio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Placebo Control ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Group V ◽  
Buserelin Acetate ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
To Receive

Corpus luteum (CL) and progesterone (P4) secretion are affected by preovulatory follicle (POF) size. Increased circulating P4 during early diestrus has a positive effect on embryo development in beef cattle. However, the combined effects of the POF size and P4 supplementation during early diestrus on fertility of beef cows are not known. The objective was to evaluate the effects of POF size and supplementation of long-acting P4 after timed-AI on pregnancy rates (P/AI). Suckled Nelore cows (n = 596) were evaluated twice by transrectal Doppler ultrasonography (US) 10 days apart to detect the cyclic status. In Study 1, anestrous cows (absence of CL on both exams) received an intravaginal P4 device and an oestradiol benzoate (EB) injection on Day –10 (day of the second US). Devices were removed and sodium cloprostenol [prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α)], oestradiol cypionate, and eCG were given on Day –2. Cows were timed-AI on Day 0 and assigned to receive placebo (control group, n = 187) or 150 mg of long-acting P4 on Day 4 (P4 group, n = 189). In Study 2, cyclic cows (presence of CL) received a PGF2α injection on Day –20 (first US). Cows with a new CL on Day –10 received an intravaginal P4 device and an injection of EB and were split to receive an injection of PGF2α [large follicle (LF); n = 109] or not [small follicle (SF); n = 111]. Devices were removed and PGF2α was injected on Day –2. Ovulation was induced with buserelin acetate, and cows were timed-AI on Day 0 and split to receive placebo (LF/control group, n = 55, and SF/control group, n = 55) or 150 mg of long-acting P4 on Day 4 (LF/P4 group, n = 56, and SF/P4 group, n = 54). Ultrasonographic scanning was done on Days 0, 4, and between 35 and 40 to detect the POF and CL sizes and P/AI, respectively. Data were analysed using PROC GLIMMIX (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). In anestrous cows, P/AI was reduced in POF with <11 mm. The P/AI was greater in the P4-treated group than in the control group for all cows (55.6% v. 46.0%; P = 0.05) and for ovulated cows (59%, 105/178 v. 49%, 86/173; P = 0.08). For cyclic cows, POF size (mm) on Day 0 (13.5 ± 0.3 v. 11.2 ± 0.2), ovulation rate (90% v. 77%), and CL area (cm2) on Day 4 (1.46 ± 0.05 v. 1.25 ± 0.05) were greater (P < 0.007) in the LF group than in the SF group. There was a main effect of follicle group on P/AI (54%, LF group v. 38%, SF group; P < 0.01). Moreover, P/AI were greater (P < 0.05) in the LF/control (56%) and LF/P4 (52%) groups than in the SF/control group (31%), whereas no difference was detected between the SF/P4 group (45%) and the other groups. Among cows that ovulated, P/AI was lower (P = 0.05) in the SF/control group (41%, 17/41) compared with the LF/control group (62%, 31/50) and were similar for the SF/P4 group (56%, 25/45) and LF/P4 group (57%, 28/49) compared with others. We suggest that P4-stimulated embryotrophic effects improved fertility in anestrous beef cows supplemented with long-acting P4 on Day 4 after timed-AI. Also, the presence of a functional CL during follicle growth results in smaller POF and CL and reduces the ovulatory and P/AI rates in cyclic cows. Post-AI P4 supplementation may attenuate the negative effects of small POF/CL. Research was supported by CNPq, FAPESP, Ouro Fino Agronegócio, and Innovare.

132 INDUCTION OF FIRST POSTPARTUM OVULATION AFTER ADMINISTRATION OF GnRH, ESTRADIOL BENZOATE, OR LH ASSOCIATED OR NOT WITH CALF REMOVAL IN NELORE COWS

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 225
Author(s):  
V. G. Pinheiro ◽  
A. C. S. Oliveira ◽  
J. R. L. M. Cury ◽  
C. M. Barros
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Hormonal Treatment ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Estradiol Benzoate ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Food Supplementation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Calf Removal

There are reports in the literature indicating that the presence of calf, body condition score, energy balance, number of births (multiparous v. primiparous), and breed are factors that influence the duration of postpartum anoestrus in beef cows. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate, during early postpartum, the time necessary for reestablishment of pituitary LH stocks, determined by the hypothalamic-pituitary axis responsiveness to exogenous administration of GnRH and estradiol benzoate (EB). Multiparous lactating Nelore cows (n = 51) were kept in Brachiaria brizantha pasture. The animals were randomly allocated in 8 groups, according to the hormonal treatment: EB Group (1.0 mg of EB, i.m. Estrogin®, Farmavet, Sao Paulo, Brazil; n = 7), EB and calf removal (CR) group (EB/CR, calves were removed at the time of birth, n = 4), EB/SUP group (cows were supplemented with a balanced diet, based on cotton meal and ground corn, from the beginning of the experiment until ovulation), GnRH group (100 μg, licereline, i.m. Gestran Plus®, ARSA SLR, Buenos Aires, Argentina; n = 7), GnRH/CR group (n = 4), GnRH/SUP group (n = 8), LH group (12.5 mg, i.m. Lutropin® Bioniche, Ontario, Canada; n = 7), and control group (did not receive any hormone to induce ovulation or diet supplementation, n = 5).The hormones were administered weekly, from 7 days postpartum (±5 days) until the occurrence of the first ovulation, which was determined by the presence of CL during weekly ovarian ultrasonography (Aloka 900, Tokyo, Japan, 7.5 MHz probe). The data were analyzed by ANOVA. On average (±SEM) the first ovulation occurred 86.7 ± 0.5 (EB); 19.7 ± 0.6 (EB/CR); 57.8 ± 0.4 (EB/SUP); 44.7 ± 0.5 (GnRH); 25.9 ± 0.6 (GnRH/CR); 32.8 ± 0.4 (GnRB/SUP); 42.4 ± 0.5 (LH); and 59.3 ± 0.5 (control) days postpartum. There were significant differences between groups: EB v. EB/SUP (P < 0.01), EB v. EB/CR (P < 0.01), EB v. control (P < 0.04), EB v. GnRH (P = 0.01), and there was a tendency between groups: GnRH v. GnRH-SUP (P = 0.10) and LH v. control (P = 0.10). The first ovulations were detected from the second week postpartum (animals from Groups GnRH and EB/CR) until the last ultrasound examination on Day 120 postpartum (Group EB). The results indicate that from the second week postpartum there is sufficient LH in the pituitary to induce ovulation after GnRH or EB administration. However, the cows from EB group ovulated later than animals from the other groups, possibly due to the sensitivity of hypothalamus to negative feedback of estrogens, inhibiting the pre-ovulatory LH surge. Additionally, calf removal and food supplementation reduced in 2 to 4 weeks the time of the first postpartum ovulation induced by GnRH or EB. Fellowship from FAPESP. Supported from FAPESP (Sao Paulo, Brazil).

13 EFFECTS OF PLASMA PROGESTERONE CONCENTRATIONS ON LH RELEASE AND OVULATION IN BEEF CATTLE GIVEN GnRH

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
H. Davis ◽  
M. Colazo ◽  
M. Rutledge ◽  
J. Small ◽  
J. Kastelic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Dominant Follicle ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Prostaglandin F ◽  
Pfizer Animal Health ◽  
Lh Release ◽  
To Receive

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of plasma progesterone (P4) concentrations on LH release and ovulation in beef heifers and lactating beef cows given gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Previously autoclaved, once-used CIDR inserts (Colazo et al. 2004 Anim. Reprod. Sci. 81, 25-34) were used for experimental purposes to induce differential plasma progesterone concentrations. In Experiment 1, postpubertal heifers received 25 mg of dinoprost i.m. (prostaglandin F (PGF); Lutalyse; Pfizer Animal Health, Montreal, Quebec, Canada). On Day 4 (estrus = Day 0), heifers were randomly assigned (10/group) to receive no treatment (control) or 1 or 2 autoclaved once-used CIDR (Pfizer Animal Health) inserts (1CIDR and 2CIDR, respectively). On Day 5, heifers in the 1CIDR group were given PGF twice 12 h apart. On Day 6, all heifers received 100 �g of GnRH i.m. (Cystorelin; Merial Canada, Inc., Victoriaville, Quebec, Canada). Once daily on Days 4 to 9, a blood sample was collected and ultrasonography was performed. On Day 6, heifers in the control (3.0 � 0.4 ng/mL; mean � SD) and 1CIDR groups (3.0 � 0.3 ng/mL) had lower (P < 0.01) plasma progesterone concentrations than those in the 2CIDR group (5.7 � 0.4 ng/mL). However, the diameter of the dominant follicle was larger (P < 0.001) in heifers in the control and 1CIDR groups than in the 2CIDR group (12.1 � 1.0, 11.5 � 0.7, and 10.1 � 0.7 mm, respectively). More (P < 0.01) heifers ovulated in response to GnRH in the control and 1CIDR groups than in the 2CIDR group (10/10, 9/10, and 3/10, respectively). In Experiment 2, ultrasound-guided follicular ablation (FA) was performed (to synchronize ovarian follicular wave emergence) 4 to 6 days after estrus in 20 postpubertal heifers and 20 mature lactating cows. Cattle were randomly and equally assigned to receive an autoclaved, once-used CIDR, either with no further treatment (High-P4) or with two PGF treatments 12 h apart (Low-P4) given after FA. All cattle received 100 �g of GnRH either 6 days after FA or the day after the dominant follicle reached 9 mm in diameter. Ultrasonography was performed daily (from 4 days after FA to ovulation or to 3 days after GnRH treatment). In three cows and three heifers per group, blood samples were collected every 30 min for 12 h after GnRH. The dominant follicle at GnRH treatment was larger in cows than heifers (11.0 � 1.1 vs. 10.3 � 0.9 mm, respectively; P = 0.05) and tended to be smaller in the High-P4 group vs. the Low-P4 group (10.3 � 1.0 vs. 11.0 � 1.0 mm; P = 0.06). Ovulatory response was not different (P = 0.9) between heifers (77.7%) and cows (78.9%), but combined for heifers and cows, was lower in High-P4 vs. Low-P4 cattle (61.1 vs. 94.7; P < 0.01). The GnRH-induced LH surge did not differ (P = 0.23) between cows and heifers, but it was lower and of shorter duration (P < 0.001) in the High-P4 group than in the Low-P4 group. In summary, higher plasma P4 concentrations resulted in decreased LH release and the proportion of cattle ovulating in response to GnRH treatment. There was no significant difference between heifers and cows in LH release or ovulatory response.

176 GENE EXPRESSION OF LUTEINIZING HORMONE RECEPTOR (LHR) ISOFORMS IN GRANULOSA CELLS OF FOLLICLES FROM NELLORE HEIFERS BEFORE, DURING, AND AFTER FOLLICULAR DEVIATION

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 187 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Barros ◽  
R. L. Ereno ◽  
M. F. Machado ◽  
J. Buratini ◽  
M. F. Pegorer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Rna Extraction ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone Receptor ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Dominant Follicle ◽  
The Future ◽  
Group 2

During bovine follicular development, there is a phase known as follicular deviation in which the future dominant follicle grows faster than the other follicles and acquires LH receptors (LHR). In Nellore breed, deviation occurs 2.5 days after ovulation, and at this time, the dominant follicle has in average a diameter of 6.0 mm. Some authors believe that LHRs are present in the future dominant follicle before deviation and are essential for this process. However, others are convinced that LHRs are present only during or after follicular deviation. The aim of the present experiment was to evaluate the expression of 4 LHR isoforms (M1 to M4) in granulosa cells of follicles from Nellore heifers before, during, and after follicular deviation. At a random stage of the estrous cycle (D0), Nellore heifers (n = 21) received a progesterone intravaginal device (1.0 g, Primer®, Tecnopec, Sao Paulo, Brazil) and 2.5 mg of estradiol benzoate (EB, i.m., Estrogin®, Farmavet, Sao Paulo, Brazil). Eight days later (D8) PGF2α was administered (150 μg d-cloprostenol, i.m., Prolise®, ARSA S.R.L., Buenos Aires, Argentina), and the device was removed. Twenty-four hours after device removal, cows were treated with EB (1.0 mg, i.m.), and from this point in time, the growth of the dominant follicle growth was observed by ultrasonography (US, Aloka 900, Tokyo, Japan) every 12 h. The animals were allocated in 3 groups: Group 2 (G2, 2 days after ovulation, n = 7), Group 2.5 (G2.5, 2.5 days after ovulation, n = 7), and Group 3 (G3, 3 days after ovulation, n = 7), and were slaughtered 2, 2.5, and 3 days after ovulation, respectively, in order to remove the ovaries. The granulosa cells, obtained from ovarian follicles, were separated for total RNA extraction, and the gene expression of LHR isoforms was measured by semiquantitative RT-PCR. Since LHR expression was not detected in Group 2 (follicles with 4.5 to 6.7 mm), comparisons were performed between groups G2.5 and G3 by ANOVA. The LHR expression was detected only in 2 samples of Group G2 (7.0-mm follicles) and was significantly higher in Group G3 (63.6%; follicles from 8 to 14 mm, P < 0.05). In all samples that expressed LHR, the 4 isoforms were present. It is concluded that LHR expression is present in granulosa cells of follicles from Nellore heifers after follicular deviation. Support and fellowship from FAPESP (Sao Paulo, Brazil).We are grateful to Tecnopec (Sao Paulo, Brazil) for providing intravaginal devices used in the experiment.

scholarly journals Exploratory analysis of requests for authorization to dispense high-cost medication to COPD patients: the São Paulo “protocol”

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina Maria Carvalho-Pinto ◽  
Ingredy Tavares da Silva ◽  
Lucas Yoshio Kido Navacchia ◽  
Flavia Munhos Granja ◽  
Gustavo Garcia Marques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Public Health Care ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Local Public Health ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Government ◽  
Long Acting

ABSTRACT Objective: A resolution passed by the government of the Brazilian state of São Paulo established a protocol for requesting free COPD medications, including tiotropium bromide, creating regional authorization centers to evaluate and approve such requests, given the high cost of those medications. Our objective was to analyze the requests received by an authorization center that serves cities in the greater metropolitan area of (the city of) São Paulo between 2011 and 2016. Methods: Data regarding the authorization, return, or rejection of the requests were compiled and analyzed in order to explain those outcomes. Subsequently, the clinical and functional data related to the patients were evaluated. Results: A total of 7,762 requests for dispensing COPD medication were analyzed. Requests related to male patients predominated. Among the corresponding patients, the mean age was 66 years, 12% were smokers, 88% had frequent exacerbations, and 84% had severe/very severe dyspnea. The mean FEV1 was 37.2% of the predicted value. The total number of requests decreased by 24.5% from 2012 to 2013 and was lowest in 2015. Most (65%) of the requests were accepted. The main reasons for the rejection/return of a request were a post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC ratio > 0.7, a post-bronchodilator FEV1 > 50% of the predicted value, and failure to provide information regarding previous use of a long-acting β2 agonist. During the study period, the total number of requests returned/rejected decreased slightly, and there was improvement in the quality of the data included on the forms. Conclusions: Here, we have identified the characteristics of the requests for COPD medications and of the corresponding patients per region served by the authorization center analyzed, thus contributing to the improvement of local public health care measures.

9 TIMED ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION IN BLOCKS: A NEW ALTERNATIVE TO IMPROVE FERTILITY IN BEEF COWS

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
L. F. M. Pfeifer ◽  
N. A. Castro ◽  
L. G. B. Siqueira ◽  
K. R. Lagos ◽  
A. Bagon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Block Group ◽  
Preovulatory Follicle ◽  
Timed Artificial Insemination

The objective of this study was to evaluate whether timed artificial insemination (TAI) according to the diameter of the dominant preovulatory follicle (POF) would improve pregnancy rates in beef cows. In Experiment 1, a retrospective meta-analysis of 5 oestradiol- or gonadotropin-releasing hormone-based TAI experiments from 2011 to 2014 was performed to evaluate the interval from luteolysis to ovulation. In these experiments, crossbred cows (Gyr × Holstein; n = 60) were examined by ultrasonography at 12-h intervals from progesterone-releasing device (CIDR) removal to ovulation. A linear regression model was used to predict the effect of POF diameter on the time of ovulation. Cows with a larger POF at the time of AI ovulated earlier than cows with smaller POF (y = –8.25x + 115.22; R2 = 0.93; P < 0.0001). In Experiment 2, lactating Nelore cows (Bos indicus; n = 59) on random days of the oestrous cycle were given 2 mg of oestradiol benzoate IM and a CIDR device (Day 0) to synchronize follicular waves. The CIDR were removed, and cows were given 500 μg of d-Cloprostenol (prostaglandin F2α) IM, 1 mg of oestradiol cypionate IM, and 300 IU of eCG IM on Day 8. On the morning of Day 10 (07:00 a.m.), the diameter of the POF was assessed by ultrasonography, and cows were randomised into Control (n = 29) and Block (n = 30) groups. 1) Control-group cows were TAI 48 h after CIDR removal (08:00 a.m. on Day 10), and Block-group cows were inseminated at 4 time points according to the diameter of the POF: B0 (POF ≥15 mm, TAI at 08:00 a.m. on Day 10, n = 6), B1 (POF 13 to 14 mm, TAI at 02:00 p.m. on Day 10, n = 8), B2 (POF 11 to 12 mm, TAI at 08:00 a.m. on Day 11, n = 11), and B3 (POF ≤ 10 mm, TAI at 02:00 p.m. on Day 11, n = 5). Pregnancy status was assessed 30 days post-AI by ultrasonography. No differences were detected in the diameter of the POF 48 h after CIDR removal (P = 0.77) or ovulation rate (P = 0.65; combined ovulation rate 52/59, 88%) between Control and Block groups. Block group had a higher pregnancy rate than Control (22/30, 73% v. 13/29, 45%, respectively; P = 0.02). In conclusion, our results document that interval from luteolysis to ovulation depends on the size of preovulatory follicle, timing of AI in relation to ovulation time is critical, and AI time according to the diameter of the POF can be an effective tool to improve fertility of cows in TAI protocols.

318 EFFICIENCY OF PROTOCOL P-36, ASSOCIATED WITH EQUINE CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN OR LUTEINIZING HORMONE ADMINISTRATION, IN THE LAST DAY OF SUPERESTIMULATORY TREATMENT, IN NELLORE COWS

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 255 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Oliveira ◽  
M. C. C. Mattos ◽  
M. R. Bastos ◽  
J. R. S. Gonçalves ◽  
L. H. Lunardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Control Group ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Embryo Production ◽  
Embryo Yield ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Viable Embryo

The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of pLH in replacement of eCG on the last day of P-36 superstimulatory treatment in Nellore donors. Recent studies demonstrated improvement in embryo production when the last 2 doses of FSH were replaced by eCG. However, consecutive use of eCG in bovine superstimulatory protocols may induce antibody against eCG, decreasing embryo production. Twenty-five Nellore cows were randomly allocated in 4 groups: P-36 (control), P-36/eCG, P-36/LH2, and P-36/LH4. All animals underwent 4 treatments in a cross-over design. Donors received an intravaginal device containing 1.0 g of progesterone (IVD, Primer®, Tecnopec, Sao Paulo, Brazil) and oestradiol benzoate (2.0 mg, IM; Estrogin®, Farmavet, Sao Paulo, Brazil) at a random stage of the oestrous cycle (D0). Cows from the control group were superestimulated with decreasing doses of pFSH (133 mg, IM; Folltropin-V®, Bioniche, Ontario, Canada; D5-8). In the P-36/eCG group, the last 2 doses of pFSH were replaced by 2 doses of eCG (200 IU each dose, IM; Folligon®, Intervet, Boxmeer, the Netherlands). In the P-36/LH2 and P-36/LH4 groups, the last 2 doses of pFSH were replaced by 2 doses of 1 and 2 mg of pLH, respectively (IM; Lutropin®, Bioniche). All animals were treated with prostaglandin F2α (150 μg d-cloprostenol, IM; Prolise®, Tecnopec) on D7, and the IVD was removed 36 h after. Ovulation was induced with 12.5 mg of pLH (IM) on D9, and all animals received fixed-time artificial insemination 12 and 24 h after pLH. Embryo flushing was performed on D16. Data were analysed by ANOVA (Proc Mixed, SAS). There was a significant difference in the number of corpus luteum in the eCG group (19.2 ± 2.4) when compared with the LH2 (12.7 ± 2.0) and LH4 groups (12.3 ± 1.5; P < 0.05). In addition, there was a tendency of lower ovulation rate in the LH2 group as compared with the eCG group (50.6 and 67.8%, respectively; P = 0.06). However, there was no difference in viable embryo yield among groups P-36 (3.3 ± 0.7), P-36/eCG (4.5 ± 0.5), P-36/LH2 (3.7 ± 0.8), and P-36/LH4 (4.2 ± 1.0); P > 0.05. In conclusion, eCG can be replaced by pLH (4.0 mg), in the last day of P-36 protocol, without affecting the production of viable embryos in Nellore cows. The authors acknowledge FAPESP (Sao Paulo, Brazil) for funding and fellowships for A. C. S. Oliveira, M. C. C. Mattos, and M. R. Bastos.

13 USE OF A NEW INTRAVAGINAL DEVICE TO RELEASE PROGESTERONE IN FIXED-TIMED ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION IN NELLORE COWS (BOS TAURUS INDICUS)

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
F. A. Braga ◽  
F. J. D. Pardo ◽  
P. H. Miguez ◽  
A. Kehrle ◽  
J. R. V. Pimentel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Estradiol Benzoate ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Control Group ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
Intravaginal Device

Artificial insemination results can be improved using fixed-timed AI (FTAI). Currently, progesterone release devices, indispensable in FTAI procedures, such as DIB® (Schering-Plough, Kenilworth, NJ, USA), are made of silicone, a nonbiodegradable biocompatible polymer. Recently, biodegradable progesterone (P4)-releasing devices made of poly(3-hydroxy)butyrate-valerate copolymer (PHB-V) and poly-ϵ-caprolactona (PCL) have been developed. To investigate the efficiency on pregnancy rate of FTAI programs using a new intravaginal device made of PHB-V (Progestar®, Innovare, São Paulo, Brazil), 240 Nellore (Bos indicus) cows, between 3 and 8 years of age, were randomly assigned to 2 experiments. In experiment 1, new P4 devices DIB (control group, DIB1; n = 60) were compared with PHB-V (Progestar1; n = 76); in experiment 2, previously used DIB (DIB2; n = 52) and PHB-V (Progestar2; n = 52) devices were compared. All groups were treated with 2 mg of estradiol benzoate i.m. (Innovare) and received the intravaginal device according to group (Day 0). Together with P4 device withdrawal (Day 8) all animals received 300IU of eCG i.m. (Novormon®, Schering-Plough) and 150 μg i.m. of D-cloprostenol (Croniben®, Biogenesis-Bagó, Buenos Aires, Argentina). On Day 9, all cows were treated with 1 mg of estradiol benzoate and the FTAI was performed 30 h later. The data were submitted to ANOVA (PROC GLM of SAS, SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA), separating as causes of variance the effect of treatment, postpartum period (PPP1-45 until 70 days and PPP2-71 until 90 days), body condition score (BCS4, BCS5, and BCS6 using a 1 to 9 scale), cyclicity (cycling and noncycling) and clean-up bulls (5 bulls nominated with numbers 1 to 5). Significant differences were considered to have P < 0.05. In experiment 1, interactions were not significant, there was no effect of treatment on FTAI (DIB1: 66.7% v. Progestar1: 65.8%) or breeding season pregnancy rates (BSPR; DIB1: 95.0% v. Progestar1: 94.7%) and no effect of other variables on FTAI pregnancy rates (FTAIPR) and BSPR. In experiment 2 there was no effect of treatment on FTAIPR (DIB2: 61.6% v. Progestar2: 55.8%) and BSPR (DIB2: 94.2% v. Progestar2: 88.5%). As ANOVA indicated a significant effect of clean-up bulls on BSPR, Tukey test was used to split it up. A bull of the Progestar2 group had lower performance (41.7%) causing the difference (albeit nonsignificant) on BSPR. This experiment showed that Progestar and DIB had the same efficiency on pregnancy rate and both treatments have the potential to produce FTAIPR >50% and BSPR >90%. Fapesp-Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo. CNPq-Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico.

scholarly journals Factors affecting compliance with the measles vaccination schedule in a Brazilian city

2008 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Logullo ◽  
Heráclito Barbosa de Carvalho ◽  
Renata Saconi ◽  
Eduardo Massad
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Vaccination Schedule ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Health Agencies ◽  
Region Of Residence ◽  
Measles Vaccination ◽  
Vaccination Campaigns ◽  
To Receive

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: The success of vaccination campaigns depends on the degree of adherence to immunization initiatives and schedules. Risk factors associated with children's failure to receive the measles vaccine at the correct age were studied in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. DESIGN AND SETTING: Case-control and exploratory study, in the metropolitan area of São Paulo. METHODS: The caregivers of 122 children were interviewed regarding their perceptions and understanding about the measles vaccination and the disease. RESULTS: The results showed that age, region of residence, marital status and education level were unrelated to taking measles vaccines adequately. Most individuals remembered being informed about the last annual vaccination campaign by television, but no communication channel was significantly associated with vaccination status. The answers to questions about knowledge of the disease or the vaccine, when analyzed alone, were not associated with taking measles vaccinations at the time indicated by health agencies. The results showed that, when parents felt sorry for their children who were going to receive shots, they delayed the vaccination. Most of the children did not take the measles vaccination on the exactly recommended date, but delayed or anticipated the shots. CONCLUSION: It is clear that there is no compliance with the government's recommended measles vaccination schedule (i.e. first dose at nine and second at 15 months of age, as recommended in 1999 and 2000). Feeling sorry for the children receiving shots can delay vaccination taking.

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