scholarly journals 172 REUSE OF AUTOCLAVED INTRAVAGINAL PROGESTERONE DEVICE TO ESTROUS SYNCHRONIZATION IN TOGGENBURG GOATS IN THE BREEDING SEASON

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 188
Author(s):  
J. M. G. Souza ◽  
C. A. A. Torres ◽  
M. C. Silva ◽  
A. L. R. S. Maia ◽  
J. H. Bruschi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
New Device ◽  
Estrous Synchronization ◽  
Pfizer Animal Health ◽  
New Devices

Reusing intravaginal devices represents an important alternative to reduce costs; however, this practice may increase disease transmission. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of reusing autoclaved intravaginal progesterone devices for oestrous synchronization in Toggenburg goats in the breeding season was studied. This study was done in March and April of 2009, in Piau, MG, Brazil (latitude 21°35′ and longitude 43°15′). Sixty-seven Toggenburg nulliparous (n = 17; 35.3 ± 5.4 kg and 3.3 ± 0.2) and pluriparous (n = 50; 52.9 ± 9.8 kg and 3.4 ± 0.3) goats were assigned according to weight and body condition score (BCS, 1 to 5 scale) into 3 treatments. Animals received new devices (n = 25; 48.2 ± 11.5 kg and BCS 3.4 ± 0.3) containing 0.33 g of progesterone (Eazi-Breed CIDR®, Pfizer Animal Health, São Paulo, Brazil) or autoclaved (121°C, 1 atm, 15 min) devices previously used for 6 days (n = 23; 48.3 ± 13.0 kg and 3.5 ± 0.3) or 12 days (n = 22; 48.2 ± 11.0 kg and 3.4 ± 0.3). All goats received 5 mg dinoprost (Lutalyse®, Pfizer Animal Health) in the vulvar submucosa on the day of CIDR insertion (Day 0) and 200 IU eCG (Novormon 5000®, Sintex Indústria Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina) 1 day before CIDR removal, also in the vulvar submucosa. The CIDR were removed on day 6, and goats were bred twice daily with fertile bucks at oestrous onset and 24 h later if they were still in oestrus. Parametric variables were analysed by ANOVA and SNK tests by the SAEG® program. Nonparametric variables were analysed using the chi-square test by the BioEstat® program. The results are described as mean ± SD. Oestrous response and conception rates did not differ (P > 0.05) among goats treated with the new devices (75.0; 54.2%) or those previously used for 6 (81.8; 50.0%) or 12 days (71.4; 47.6%), respectively. No differences were detected between nulliparous (82.3; 52.9%) and pluriparous (72.0; 50.0%) goats. The interval from device removal to oestrus and duration of oestrus were not different (P > 0.05) among animals receiving a new device (39.3 ± 15.8; 30.7 ± 16.6 h) or previously used devices for 6 (32.7 ± 11.5; 31.8 ± 7.3 h) or 12 day (40.8 ± 20.7; 32.8 ± 13.2 h) treatments, respectively, or between nulliparous (41.6 ± 14.9; 30.9 ± 13.9 h) and pluriparous (35.6 ± 16.8; 32.1 ± 12.8 h) goats. Since no differences were detected in the evaluated variables among goats receiving reused autoclaved devices or new ones, it can be suggested that the autoclaving process did not affect the efficiency of reusing intravaginal progesterone devices for oestrous synchronization in Toggenburg goats in the breeding season. Probably, P4 concentrations in goats receiving reused autoclaved devices reached at least minimum concentrations to promote oestrous response, since a non-treated group would not show oestrus in this level of synchronization as in goats in this study. This technique can be a simple and valuable tool to reduce sanitary risks of disease transmission without altering fertility in goats. CNPq, Pfizer Animal Health, Embrapa Goats, and Sheep Research, CAPES.

20 ADMINISTRATION OF FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE AT CIDR REMOVAL DOES NOT AFFECT THE PREGNANCY RATE IN A CIDR-BASED, COSYNCH PROTOCOL IN LACTATING BEEF COWS

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 90 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Small ◽  
F. Dias ◽  
L. Pfeifer ◽  
K. Lightfoot ◽  
M. Colazo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Secondary Objective ◽  
Pfizer Animal Health

In previous studies, giving eCG at CIDR removal significantly increased the pregnancy rate after timed-AI in beef cows. However, eCG is not universally available. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that giving pFSH at CIDR removal might improve the pregnancy rate in a CIDR-based, Cosynch protocol in postpartum, suckled Bos taurus beef cows; a secondary objective was to compare pregnancy rates when GnRH v. pLH was used to synchronize wave emergence and ovulation. This work was conducted as two experiments (separate locations). All cows were given a CIDR (containing 1.9 g progesterone; Pfizer Animal Health, Montreal, QC, Canada) on Day 0 (without regard to stage of estrous cycle or cyclicity). On Day 7, CIDRs were removed, all cows were concurrently given 25 mg PGF (Lutalyse; Pfizer Animal Health, Groton, CT, USA), half were given 20 mg pFSH (Folltropin-V; Bioniche Animal Health, Belleville, ON, Canada), and all cows were timed-AI 54 h later (Day 9). In Experiment 1, 240 cows [94 � 10.8 days postpartum; body condition score (BCS: 1 = emaciated, 9 = obese; mean � SD): 5.8 � 0.4] were used; at CIDR insertion and AI, cows were allocated to receive either 100 µg GnRH (n = 160; Cystorelin, Merial Canada Inc., Victoriaville, QC, Canada) or 12.5 mg pLH (n = 80; Lutropin-V, Bioniche Animal Health). In Experiment 2, 109 cows (59.2 � 19.5 days postpartum; BCS: 5.6 � 1.1) were used; all received 100 µg GnRH (Cystorelin) at CIDR insertion and AI. In Experiment 1, three cows that lost their CIDR were excluded; pregnancy rates after timed-AI (logistic regression, backward selection: parity, pFSH, synchronizing treatment, and their interactions) were not different between cows given pFSH v. control cows (64.7 v. 65.2%; P > 0.80), nor between cows given GnRH v. pLH (62.7 v. 69.6%; P = 0.91). However, there was an interaction (P < 0.04) between parity and the synchronizing treatment; in primiparous cows, pregnancy rates were significantly lower in those given GnRH v. pLH (59.3 v. 83.3%). In Experiment 2, pregnancy rates after timed-AI (logistic regression, backward selection: parity, pFSH, and their interaction) were not different between cows given pFSH v. control cows (38.2 v. 42.6%; P > 0.6). In conclusion, our hypothesis was not supported; giving pFSH at CIDR removal did not significantly improve the pregnancy rate in a CIDR-based, Cosynch protocol in postpartum, suckled Bos taurus beef cows.

10 TIMED ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION PROTOCOLS TO SYNCHRONIZATION OF OVULATION IN BOS TAURUS TAURUS SUCKLING BEEF COWS

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
G. A. Pessoa ◽  
A. P. Martini ◽  
J. M. Trentin ◽  
D. R. Dotto ◽  
H. L. D. Neri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Follicle Diameter ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
South Of Brazil

The aim of this study was to compare 3 methods for synchronization of ovulation in anestrous beef cows. The hypothesis of this study was to determine whether low doses of hCG has superior efficacy to cypionate to induce ovulation in anestrous cows and provide higher pregnancy rate in oestrus-synchronization programs. Synchronization of ovulation and conception rate to timed AI (TAI) were evaluated in anestrus Bos taurus taurus suckling beef cows 45 ± 15 days postpartum and with body condition score of 2.9 (1 to 5) maintained in a native pastured system in the south of Brazil. Females were evaluated with ultrasound on the Day 0 (D0) of the protocol (Day 0), day 8 (D8), immediately before TAI (D10), and 7 days after TAI (Day 17). All cows were synchronized with an intravaginal progesterone-releasing device (IPRD; 0.75 g of progesterone, Prociclar®, Hertape Calier Animal Health, Juatuba, Brazil) and 2 mg IM of oestradiol benzoate (EB; Benzoato HC®) on D0. On Day 8, the IPRD was removed and 150 μg of D (+) cloprostenol (Veteglan Luteolytic®), and 25 IU IM FSH/LH (Pluset®) were administered. Females of the EC (n = 84) group received 1 mg IM of oestradiol cypionate (EC; Cipionato HC®). Females on D8 of the hCG (n = 81) group received 500 IU IM of hCG (Vetecor®, Hertape Calier) at the time of TAI. The females of the EC + hCG group (n = 83) received both treatments. All cows were submitted to TAI 54 h after withdrawal of IPRD. A part of the cows (n = 102) had the ovulation evaluated every 12 h from the withdrawal of IPRD [EC (n = 34), hCG (n = 34), and hCG + EC (n = 33)]. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS PROC GLIMMIX. The dominant follicle diameter (FD) on Day 8 (8.7 ± 0.2, 8.8 ± 0.2, 8.6 ± 0.2) did not differ between treatments EC, EC + hCG, or hCG (P = 0.79). However, the FD on D10 was higher (P = 0.001) for cows treated with hCG (12.9 ± 0.3) compared with cows from the EC (11.3 ± 0.2) or EC + hCG group (11.8 ± 0.2). The interval (h) between the withdrawal of IPRD and ovulation was lower (P = 0.01) for the hCG group, (71.2 ± 1.7) compared with the groups treated with EC or EC + hCG (76.6 ± 2.18 and 74.2 ± 1.65), respectively. The ovulation rate did not differ (P = 0.61) among the EC (85.2%, 29/34), hCG (91.1%, 31/34), or EC + hCG groups (90.9%, 30/33). Corpus luteum diameter (mm) was higher (P = 0.04) on D17 for the hCG-treated group (21.4 ± 0.3) compared with others treatments (EC = 19.1 ± 0.8 or EC + hCG = 20.4 ± 0.8). However, the plasma progesterone levels on D17 were EC = 2.0 ± 0.1, hCG = 2.4 ± 0.1, and EC + hCG = 2.3 ± 0.1 ng mL–1 (P = 0.19), and the conception rate on the 28th day after TAI (EC = 43.0%; hCG = 47.0%, and EC + hCG = 48.8%; P = 0.76) was also similar. The hCG determined smallest ovulation interval, but similar rates of pregnancy were observed with both treatments.

8 Evaluation of puberty induction protocol in peripubertal beef heifers prior to fixed-time AI programs

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
J. B. S. Borges ◽  
D. S. V. Luiz ◽  
P. R. L. Aguiar ◽  
C. G. B. Berlitz ◽  
G. S. Velho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Hormonal Treatment ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
P Value ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Condition Score

Beef heifers that conceive early during their first breeding season calve earlier, wean heavier calves, and tend to continue doing so throughout the rest of their reproductive lives. Otherwise, under extensively managed systems in Southern Brazil, only a variable proportion of 2-year-old beef heifers reach puberty before the start of the breeding season. The aim of this study was to evaluate a protocol to induce puberty in peripubertal beef heifers using injectable progesterone (P4) and oestradiol cypionate (EC) to improve pregnancy per AI (P/AI) in fixed-time AI (FTAI) programs. A total of 311 Angus heifers, 24±3 months of age, 3.1±0.3 body condition score (1=emaciated; 5=obese), and 328±41kg of body weight (BW), were examined before FTAI protocol (Day −24) by transrectal ultrasonography to determine reproductive tract score (RTS; 1=prepubertal; 5=pubertal). Prepubertal heifers (RTS 1; 12.8%, 40/311) were excluded from the study. Heifers with RTS=2 (n=271) were assigned to 2 groups: P4 (RTS 2 or 3, n=100) and cyclic (RTS 4 and 5, n=171). Peripubertal heifers were treated on Day −24 with 150mg of injectable P4 IM (Sincrogest® injectable, Ourofino Animal Health, Cravinhos, Brazil) and on Day −12 received 1mg of EC IM (Sincro CP®, Ourofino Animal Health). Cyclic heifers received no hormonal treatment before FTAI protocol. On Day 0, heifers in the P4 group were evaluated again to determine RTS, body condition score, and BW. Induction of puberty was defined by the presence of a follicle &gt;8.5mm (RTS=4) or a corpus luteum (RTS=5). All heifers received an FTAI protocol consisting of 2mg of oestradiol benzoate IM (Sincrodiol®, Ourofino Animal Health) and an intravaginal progesterone implant (1 g; Sincrogest®, Ourofino Animal Health). On Day 8, heifers had implants removed and were injected with 1mg of EC and 500µg of sodium cloprostenol IM (Sincrocio®, Ourofino Animal Health). After 48h, all heifers received an FTAI. Thirty days after AI, the diagnosis of gestation was performed by ultrasonography. Statistics included chi-square and linear regression with coefficients analysed as independent variables, considering a significant P-value of 0.05. On Day 0, percentages of RTS 5, 4, and 3 in the P4 heifers were 37, 27, and 36%, respectively, resulting in 64% of puberty induction. The P/AI was similar (P=0.14) in P4-treated and cyclic heifers (59v. 50.3%, respectively). The regression analysis presented a linear and positive effect of BW on P/AI (P&lt;0.001) in cyclic heifers and a positive influence of BW on RTS (P=0.05) and RTS on P/AI (P=0.008) in P4-treated heifers. The application of RTS system associated with P4 treatment of peripubertal heifers before FTAI protocol improved ovarian activity and might have contributed to higher P/AI, comparable with that achieved in cyclic heifers.

scholarly journals 143 SUPEROVULATORY RESPONSE AND EMBRYO PRODUCTION INFLUENCED BY THE ADDITION OF LH AND EFFECT OF THE REPEATABILITY IN SANTA INES SHEEP

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
M. E. F. Oliveira ◽  
I. C. C. Santos ◽  
J. S. P. Pieroni ◽  
R. M. Ferreira ◽  
M. F. Cordeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Embryo Production ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Pfizer Animal Health ◽  
Santa Inês ◽  
Intravaginal Device

The aim this study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of LH in superovulatory response and embryo production in Santa Inês sheep. Ten donors with 60.3 ± 10.7 kg and BCS of 3.9 ± 0.3 were superovulated in a cross-over design, with a 60-day interval. Estrus was synchronized with a progesterone-releasing intravaginal device (CIDR™; Pfizer Animal Health, Brazil) inserted on Day 0 and replaced by a new one on Day 7, that was maintained to Day 14. Two doses of 37.5 g of D-cloprostenol (Prolise™, Arsa, Buenos Aires, Argentina) were administered, on Days 7 and 14. Donors also receive 256 mg of pFSH (Folltropin™, Bioniche, Belleville, ON, Canada) in 8 decreasing doses, starting on Day 12. On Day 14, all females received 200 IU of eCG (Novormon ™, Syntex, Argentina). On Day 15, the animals were homogeneously allocated in 1 of 2 groups: Control (GC, n = 10) and treated (G-LH, n = 10). Ewes in GC did not receive exogenous LH, whereas ewes in G-LH were treated with 7.5 mg of LH (Lutropin™, Bioniche), on Day 15. All females were inseminated by laparoscopy, with frozen–thawed semen, 42 and 48 h after CIDR removal. On Day 21, the embryos were surgically collected. The superovulatory response was classified in scores: (0) 4 or fewer CL; (1) between 5 and 10 CL, and (2) 11 or more CL. Means were compared using Kruskal-Wallis test and percentages using chi-square (P < 0.05). Most of donors (70%, 7/10) from G-LH presented a superovulatory response classified as score 2, and the remaining (30%, 3/10) as score 1, whereas, half of the controls were classified as score 2 and half as score 1. Ovulation rate tended to be greater in G-LH (135/158, 85.4% v. 105/135, 77.7%, P = 0.08). The number of CL (mean ± SD) was 10.5 ± 3.8 in GC and 13.5 ± 4.84 in G-LH, but was not statistically different. The number of anovulatory follicles (AF) did not differ between groups (GC: 3.0 ± 3.2; G-LH: 2.3 ± 1.6), but the proportion of AF tended to decrease in G-LH (30/135, 22.2% v. 23/158, 14.5%, P = 0.08). Considering embryo production, there was no difference between GC and G-LH (P > 0.05) related to number of recovered ova/embryos (6.1 ± 4.6 v. 8.4 ± 5.2), viable embryos (3.8 ± 4.3 v. 4.2 ± 5.2), unfertilized (1.7 ± 3.4 v. 2.0 ± 2.9) and degenerated embryos (0.7 ± 0.7 v. 2.2 ± 2.9), respectively. Data showed that the addition of LH tended to increase ovulation rate and to decrease the proportion of AF, but did not affect the number of viable embryos.

scholarly journals 317 EFFECT OF TIME OF ONSET OF FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE TREATMENT ON SUPEROVULATORY RESPONSE AND EMBRYO YIELD OF SANTA INES EWES DURING BREEDING SEASON

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 306
Author(s):  
M. E. F. Oliveira ◽  
C. C. D'Amato ◽  
C. S. Oliveira ◽  
F. F. P. C. Barros ◽  
A. P. Perini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Mating Period ◽  
Follicular Wave ◽  
Embryo Yield ◽  
Pfizer Animal Health ◽  
Santa Inês

This study was designed to investigate if the time of onset of FSH treatment [near the emergence of first or last follicular wave on progesterone (P4) protocol] influenced the superovulatory response and embryo yield in Santa Ines ewes during breeding season. Days of emergence of the follicular waves were defined in a previous study that evaluated the follicular dynamic in oestrus synchronization treatments (Oliveira et al. 2011 Acta Sci. Vet. 40). We observed emergence of the first and last follicular wave on 5.69 ± 0.42 and 11.25 ± 0.39 days of protocol, respectively. Twenty Santa Ines ewes were submitted to 2 superovulatory protocols according to the time that FSH treatments were initiated (G-first wave, n = 10; G-last wave, n = 10). On Day 0, all ewes received a P4 device (CIDR®; Pfizer Animal Health, New York, NY, USA) and injection of 37.5 µg of d-cloprostenol, IM. The FSH treatments started on Day 6 and Day 11 of protocol for G-first and G-last, respectively. The superovulatory regimen consisted of 8 IM injections of pFSH administrated twice daily (40, 40, 30, 30, 20, 20, 10, and 10 mg of pFSH). The P4 device was removed on Day 8 and Day 13 for G-first and G-last, respectively. At these times, all ewes received another injection of 37.5 µg of d-cloprostenol and a dose of 200 IU of eCG. During 4 days after the P4 device removal, ewes were mated by a fertile ram. Embryo collections were accomplished 7 days after CIDR withdrawal. The ovaries were evaluated by ultrasonography (3 times daily, during the mating period) and laparotomy (concomitantly with embryo collection). The superovulatory response was observed by classified by score: 0 = 4 or fewer corpora lutea (CL); 1 = between 5 and 10 CL; and 2 = 11 or more CL. Data were analysed by GLIMMIX using SAS software (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). All donors from G-first had superovulatory response classified as score 2, whereas 60% of ewes from G-last were classified as score 2, 20% as score 1, and 20% as score 0 (P < 0.05). There were effects between treatments (P < 0.05) for ovulation rate (G-first: 97.9 ± 1.4% v. G-last: 88.5 ± 4.4%) and number of ovulations (G-first: 17.0 ± 2.3 v. G-last: 12.5 ± 2.6). The numbers of luteinized unovulated follicles were 0.7 ± 0.5 for G-first and 1.2 ± 0.4 for G-last (P > 0.05). There was no difference between G-first and G-last (P > 0.05) in the rate of ova/embryos recovered (54.9 ± 5.7% v. 49.3 ± 8.5%), mean number of ova/embryos recovered (9.0 ± 1.4 v. 6.3 ± 1.1), number of viable embryos (3.8 ± 1.5 v. 3.4 ± 0.8), or viability rate (40.3 ± 10.8 v. 53.4 ± 12.1). In conclusion, the FSH treatment started near the emergence of the first follicular wave of progesterone protocol in Santa Ines ewes during the breeding season resulted in a higher superovulatory response than that started near the last follicular wave; however, no improvements in embryo yield were observed. Financial support: FAPESP.

212 EFFECT OF A LOW DOSE OF eCG ON SUPEROVULATION AND EMBRYO COLLECTION IN WOOD BISON DURING THE BREEDING SEASON

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 220
Author(s):  
J. M. Palomino ◽  
R. J. Mapletoft ◽  
M. R. Woodbury ◽  
M. P. Cervantes ◽  
G. P. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Transvaginal Ultrasound ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Wood Bison ◽  
Follicular Response

In an effort to conserve a threatened Canadian species, Bison bison athabascae, we developed an embryo collection protocol subsequent to superovulatory treatment involving two doses of FSH diluted in hyaluronan given 48 h apart. The follicular response to superstimulatory treatment was satisfactory, but many follicles did not ovulate, thus limiting the number of embryos collected. Based on recent results in cattle, where replacement of the final doses of FSH with a low dose of eCG resulted in the recovery of a greater number of ova/embryos, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of adding eCG to the superovulatory protocol to increase ovulation rate, embryo collection, and embryo quality in wood bison during the breeding season (September). Ovarian synchronization was induced in wood bison (n = 24) by treatment with a luteolytic dose of prostaglandin (500 mcg, Cloprostenol) followed 8 days later by transvaginal ultrasound-guided follicular ablation. Follicular wave emergence (Day 0) was defined as the day after follicle ablation. Bison were assigned randomly to two groups: FSH (n = 12) and FSH+eCG (n = 12). FSH was diluted in hyaluronan (5 mg mL–1, MAP-5, Bioniche Animal Health, Belleville, ON, Canada) and given intramuscularly on Day 0 (300 mg) and Day 2 (100 mg) in both groups. Bison in the FSH+eCG group received 450 IU eCG (Pregnecol, Bioniche Animal Health) intramuscularly on Day 3, and bison in both groups were administered a luteolytic dose of prostaglandin on Day 3. On Day 5, bison were given 2500 IU hCG (Chorulon, Merck Animal Health, Summit, NJ, USA) intramuscularly to induce ovulation. The bison were artificially inseminated with chilled semen 12 and 24 h after hCG treatment. Nonsurgical embryo collection was performed on Day 13. The ovaries were examined by transrectal ultrasonography on Days 5, 7, and 13 to record the follicular response, ovulation rate, and number of corpora lutea (CL), respectively. Results were compared between groups by t-test or chi-square test (Table 1). The number of ovulatory-sized follicles (≥9 mm), ovulation rate (number ovulations/ovulatory-sized follicles), number of CL, number of ova/embryos, and number of transferable embryos were not different between groups (P = 0.23, P = 0.19, P = 0.25, P = 0.18, P = 0.09, respectively). In conclusion, the superovulatory response and embryo collection rate in wood bison approached that observed in cattle, but were not improved by the addition of a low dose of eCG. Table 1.Response of wood bison (mean ± s.e.m.) to superovulatory treatment with or without eCG

19 BEEF CATTLE PREGNANCY RATES FOLLOWING INSEMINATION WITH AGED FROZEN ANGUS SEMEN

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Carwell ◽  
J. A. Pitchford ◽  
G. T. Gentry Jr ◽  
H. Blackburn ◽  
K. R. Bondioli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Crossbred Cattle ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Frozen Semen ◽  
Pfizer Animal Health ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Artificial insemination has proven to be a valuable asset to the cattle industry. It is assumed that once good quality semen is frozen in liquid nitrogen it should remain viable indefinitely; however, semen viability has not been systematically evaluated after being stored for several decades. In this experiment, frozen semen from 25 purebred Angus bulls processed during 3 time periods (1960-1975 = 5 bulls; 1976-1991 = 11; 1992-2002 = 9 bulls) was used to randomly inseminate purebred lactating Angus cows and heifers and lactating crossbred beef cows. In experiment 1, Angus cows (n = 24) and Angus heifers (n = 16) and in experiment 2, crossbred cattle (n = 88) of 5 breeds (Beefmaster, Romosinuano, Bons Mara, Brangus, Brangus F1) were artificially inseminated with frozen-thawed Angus bulls semen from the 3 time periods. All females were in good body condition and at least 45 days postpartum and were synchronized using the SelectSynch protocol. Briefly, on treatment Day 0, females received an Eazi-Breed CIDR (Pfizer Animal Health, New York, NY, USA) implant and were administered GnRH (Factryl, 100 μg im), on Day 7, prostaglandin (Lutalyse, 25 mg im, Pfizer Animal Health) was administered and the CIDR removed. Cattle not responding to synchronization were subjected an additional prostaglandin treatment 8 to 10 days later. Estrus detection was conducted using the HeatWatch™ system for the Angus females and with Estrotect™ patches for the crossbred females. Females fitted with HeatWatch transponders that were successfully mounted 4 times within a 6-h period were considered to be in standing estrus and were inseminated 12 to 14 h later. Females fitted with Estrotect patches were observed twice daily (morning and evening) to identify females whose patch was scratched. Females were inseminated by an experienced technician 12 to 14h after the patch were observed as being scratched a minimum of 50%. Response to synchronization in Angus cows and heifers was 76% (n = 40), whereas in the crossbred cattle the response was 74% (n = 88). Cows and heifers were confirmed pregnant via transrectal ultrasonography 45 days postinsemination. Pregnancy rates confirmed by chi-square analysis were not different for Angus cows and heifers (58% and 43%, respectively). Also, pregnancy rates for the Angus females were not different across time periods 1, 2, and 3 (58, 43, and 53%, respectively). Pregnancy rates for crossbred females were not different across time periods 1, 2, and 3 (35, 60, and 44%, respectively). Overall pregnancy rates (experiments 1 and 2) were 47, 52, and 40% across time periods 1, 2, and 3 respectively. It is concluded from this study that semen units processed and frozen from Angus bulls from time periods 1, 2, and 3 (from the 1960s through to 2002) are still viable and produce similar pregnancy rates in artificially inseminated beef females. Thanks to Jared Pitchfordfor inseminating all of the cattle; Harvey Blackburn for providing the semen to make the project possible; and my advisors Dr. Gentry and Dr. Godkefor assisting throughout the entire project. I also thank all of the graduate students who have helped me throughout the project.

scholarly journals Effects of management system on beef heifer growth and reproductive performance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parker A Henley ◽  
Frank A Ireland ◽  
Igor F Canisso ◽  
J Lannett Edwards ◽  
Daniel W Shike
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Fescue Toxicosis ◽  
Soybean Hulls ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Calf Performance

Abstract This study evaluated the effect of heifer development system on body weight (BW), body condition score (BCS), fescue toxicosis symptoms, reproductive performance, and subsequent calf growth of fall-calving beef heifers. Angus × Simmental heifers [n = 399; 240 ± 20.0 kg initial BW; age = 252 ± 20 d] were stratified by BW and BCS and assigned to 1 of 12 groups in each of the 2 production years. The study utilized a stratified randomized design. Pens were randomly assigned to 4 treatments: drylot (DL) development (fed ad-libitum diet consisting of 90% hay and 10% DDGS on a dry matter basis), grazing endophyte-infected fescue supplemented daily (2.3 kg as-fed/heifer/d; 50:50 mix of soybean hulls and DDGS; E+/S), grazing endophyte-infected fescue and supplemented from the midpoint of treatment period until breeding (4.5 kg as-fed/heifer/d; 50:50 mix of soybean hulls and DDGS; E+/LS), and grazing novel endophyte-infected fescue with no supplement (NE+/NS). Treatments ceased on d 168 [time of artificial insemination (AI)] and heifers were commingled and managed as a group through second breeding season. Heifers in DL had greatest (P ≤ 0.05) BW and BCS from d 28 until d 254. Furthermore, E+/S heifers had greater (P ≤ 0.05) BW and BCS than both E+/LS and NE+/NS from d 28 until d 168. On d 56 and 84, E+/LS heifers had lower (P ≤ 0.05) BW and BCS compared to NE+/NS, but on d 148 treatments reranked and E+/LS remained at a greater (P ≤ 0.05) BW and BCS compared to NE+/NS through the first breeding season. Drylot heifers had greatest (P ≤ 0.05) percentage cycling and percentage of mature BW at AI (66.6%) and had greater (P ≤ 0.05) AI and overall pregnancy rates compared to E+/LS and NE+/NS. The E+/S (55%) and E+/LS (53.7%) heifers were developed to a greater (P &lt; 0.01) percentage of mature BW than NE+/NS (49.3%). A greater (P ≤ 0.02) percentage of DL and E+/S heifers were pregnant at the end of the first breeding season (89.3 and 85.1%; respectively) compared to NE+/NS (61.5%). In summary, DL heifers had the greatest BW and BCS at AI, percentage cycling, and AI pregnancy rate. However, this strategy did not result in differing overall pregnancy rates between DL, E+/S, and E+/LS and there were no differences in milk production, rebreeding reproductive performance, and calf performance between all treatments. Finally, the poorest AI and overall pregnancy rates of the NE+/NS heifers suggests this is not a viable development strategy for fall-born heifers.

scholarly journals Feeding sites promoting wildlife-related tourism might highly expose the endangered Yunnan snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus bieti) to parasite transmission

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eve Afonso ◽  
Rong Fu ◽  
Amaël Dupaix ◽  
Anne-Claude Goydadin ◽  
ZhongHua Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Parasite Transmission ◽  
Rhinopithecus Bieti ◽  
Domesticated Animals ◽  
Feeding Sites ◽  
In The Wild

AbstractAn increasing number of studies have found that the implementation of feeding sites for wildlife-related tourism can affect animal health, behaviour and reproduction. Feeding sites can favour high densities, home range overlap, greater sedentary behaviour and increased interspecific contacts, all of which might promote parasite transmission. In the Yunnan snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus bieti), human interventions via provisioning monkeys at specific feeding sites have led to the sub-structuring of a group into genetically differentiated sub-groups. The fed subgroup is located near human hamlets and interacts with domesticated animals. Using high-throughput sequencing, we investigated Entamoeba species diversity in a local host assemblage strongly influenced by provisioning for wildlife-related tourism. We identified 13 Entamoeba species or lineages in faeces of Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys, humans and domesticated animals (including pigs, cattle, and domestic chicken). In Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys, Entamoeba prevalence and OTU richness were higher in the fed than in the wild subgroup. Entamoeba polecki was found in monkeys, pigs and humans, suggesting that this parasite might circulates between the wild and domestic components of this local social–ecological system. The highest proportion of faeces positive for Entamoeba in monkeys geographically coincided with the presence of livestock and humans. These elements suggest that feeding sites might indirectly play a role on parasite transmission in the Yunnan snub-nosed monkey. The implementation of such sites should carefully consider the risk of creating hotspots of disease transmission, which should be prevented by maintaining a buffer zone between monkeys and livestock/humans. Regular screenings for pathogens in fed subgroup are necessary to monitor transmission risk in order to balance the economic development of human communities dependent on wildlife-related tourism, and the conservation of the endangered Yunnan snub-nosed monkey.

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