307 TESTICULAR ULTRASONOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF GUZERAT (BOS TAURUS INDICUS) BULLS DURING THE PERIPUBERTAL PERIOD

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 309
Author(s):  
A. S. Carmo ◽  
J. P. Osorio ◽  
L. F. Mendonça ◽  
A. C. Lucio ◽  
A. P. Perini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
National Institutes Of Health ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Pixel Intensity ◽  
Array Transducer ◽  
Bos Taurus Indicus ◽  
Precise Time ◽  
Ultrasound Scanner

Recently, ultrasonography has been used to study reproductive tract and testes development in the bull. The testicular ultrasound allows identification of subtle changes in the echotexture of the testicular parenchyma in the different stages of reproductive development. The aim of the present study was to characterize the pixel intensity (echotexture) of testicular ultrasonograms of Guzerat bulls in the peripubertal period to attempt to raise efficiency of sire selection programs and puberty identification. Seventy-five animals from 9 to 30 months of age were evaluated monthly for 6 consecutive months. The testes were examined using a 5-MHz linear array transducer connected to a B-mode ultrasound scanner (Fukuda®, Tokyo, Japan). Images were frozen on the monitor of the ultrasound scanner and recorded on VHS tape. The images were digitalized and the average pixel intensity (PI) of the testes was determined by the J1.58 (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA) software image package. Additionally, all of the bulls were submitted to a complete andrological examination and seminal collection was attempted when males had a scrotal perimeter > 20 cm. Onset of puberty was considered to have occurred when at least one motile sperm cell was detected in the ejaculate. Statistical analysis was performed using the SAS statistical package (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA; Student-Newman-Keuls test and Pearson correlation). The PI in pubertal animals (95.0 ± 39.01 cm3) was higher (P < 0.05) than non-pubertal animals (56.5 ± 43.1 cm3). Changes in patterns of testicular echotexture during the peripubertal stage reflect the gradual and significant increase (P < 0.05) of the intensity of pixels observed in animals from 9 months (36.7 ± 22.2 cm3) up to 30 months of age (127.4 ± 46.2 cm3). The correlation between age and intensity of pixels was significant (P < 0.05; r = 0.534). The increase of PI is an important indicator of puberty in bovine males. Nevertheless, it was not possible to establish a pattern of testicular echotexture that characterized the precise time of onset of puberty. Thanks to Fazenda do Rosário, CAPES, and CNPq.

152 Correlation between testicular and accessory sex glands biometric characteristics in Nellore and Caracu bulls

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
N. N. Rodrigues ◽  
D. P. Vrisman ◽  
G. F. Rossi ◽  
A. P. Freitas ◽  
M. F. Zorzetto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vas Deferens ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Accessory Sex Glands ◽  
Scrotal Circumference ◽  
Array Transducer ◽  
Bos Taurus Indicus ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Positive Correlations

The objective of this study was to determine the correlation between testicular and accessory sex gland measurements in Nellore (Bos taurus indicus) and Caracu (Bos taurus taurus) bulls. Bulls (n=282, including 203 Nellore from 12 to 61 months and 79 Caracu from 12 to 48 months) had their reproductive organs measured. Scrotal circumference was measured with a tape. Length (dorso-ventral) and diameter (mid-lateral) of testes were measured using a graduated ruler. Testicular volume (V) was calculated by the cylinder formula: V=2[(R2)×π×L], where R=radius (diameter/2), L=testicular length and π=3.14 (Fields et al. 1979 J. Anim. Sci. 48, 1299-1304). B-mode ultrasonographic examinations with a 7.5-MHz transrectal linear-array transducer were performed to obtain the mean of 3 vertical dimensions of the vesicular glands, disseminated prostate, ampulla of vas deferens, and lumen of ampulla, and cranio-caudal and dorso-ventral dimensions of the prostate body and bulbourethral glands. For paired organs, the mean was calculated and used in analyses. Biometry data of testes and accessory sex glands were analysed by the PROC CORR (Pearson correlation) of the SAS program (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA; P&lt;0.05). Testicular measurements (scrotal circumference, diameter and length) were positively correlated with each other (r=0.69 to 0.92). Similarly, biometrics of the accessory sex glands had positive correlations with testes. The vesicular glands had correlations of r=0.62, 0.43, 0.58 and 0.59 with testes length, diameter, and volume and scrotal circumference, respectively. Correlations testicular biometry characteristics and ampulla of vas deferens ranged from 0.52 to 0.68, whereas those between testicular characteristics and lumen of ampulla were much lower (r=0.28 to 0.37), perhaps due to bulls riding penmates and ejaculating before the ultrasonographic examination. The dorso-ventral measure of the prostate body had positive correlations with size of testes (r=0.13 to 0.28), whereas cranio-caudal measurement of this gland was not correlated with size of testes. Finally, there were positive correlations between testes and disseminated prostate (0.28 to 0.36), and testes and bulbourethral glands, both in the dorso-ventral and cranio-caudal dimensions (0.17 to 0.42). In conclusion, testicular biometry in bulls was correlated with measurements of accessory sex glands, perhaps due to testosterone synthesis, which is essential for accessory sex gland development.

scholarly journals Effect of a single or two doses of an anti-GnRH vaccine on testicle morpho-functional characteristics in Nelore bulls

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuel M. Doroteu ◽  
Joao H. M. Viana ◽  
Jair A. Ferreira Junior ◽  
Juliana T. A. Macedo ◽  
Rodrigo A. Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Active Immunization ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Functional Characteristics ◽  
Scrotal Circumference ◽  
Bos Taurus Indicus ◽  
Boost Dose ◽  
And Control

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare testicle morpho-functional characteristics in bulls undergoing a single or two immunizations against GnRH. Nelore (Bos taurus indicus) bulls were randomly allocated into three experimental groups: G1 (n=12), a single 400 μg dose of anti-GnRH vaccine on day 0; G2 (n=11), a first 400 μg dose of anti-GnRH vaccine on day 0 followed by a second (boost) dose 30 days later; and control group (CG, n=12), 1 mL saline 0.9% at day 0. Every 30 days, from day 0 until slaughter at day 90, the bulls were weighed and underwent testicular biometry, semen collection and analysis, and blood sample collection for testosterone measurement. Immediately after slaughter, the testicles were removed and transport at 15°C to the laboratory for histopathological analysis. There was a decrease in testicular height (P=0.0476), width (P=0.0021), and in scrotal circumference (P=0.0001), after either a single (G1) or two (G2) immunizations against GnRH. Both G1 and G2 had lower testosterone concentrations than CG from day 60 on (P<0.01), but in G2, it was also lower than in G1 at day 90 (P=0.0006). All sperm parameters were affected by active immunization against GnRH (P<0.05), and in G2, averages were lesser (P<0.05) than in G1 from day 60 on. No signs of seminiferous tubule degeneration were found in any sample from the CG, contrasting with 75.0% and 100.0% of the samples from G1 and G2, respectively. In summary, immunocastration affected testicle morpho-functional characteristics in bulls in a time- and dose-dependent way.

scholarly journals Fetal calf serum enhances in vitro production of Bos taurus indicus embryos

2011 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.G. Leivas ◽  
D.S. Brum ◽  
S.S. Fialho ◽  
W.P. Saliba ◽  
M.T.T. Alvim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Calf Serum ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Calf Serum ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Bos Taurus Indicus ◽  
Vitro Production

Identification of novel candidate genes for age at first calving in Nellore cows using a SNP chip specifically developed for Bos taurus indicus cattle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Angel Carabantes Dubom ◽  
Victor Breno Pedrosa ◽  
Fabieli Loise Braga Feitosa ◽  
Raphael Bermal Costa ◽  
Gregório Miguel Ferreira de Camargo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Age At First Calving ◽  
Snp Chip ◽  
Bos Taurus Indicus

scholarly journals TCMacro: A Simple and Robust ImageJ-Based Method for Automated Measurement of Tail Coiling Activity in Zebrafish

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1133
Author(s):  
Kevin Adi Kurnia ◽  
Fiorency Santoso ◽  
Bonifasius Putera Sampurna ◽  
Gilbert Audira ◽  
Jong-Chin Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Dynamic Change ◽  
Current Method ◽  
Previous Method ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Average Intensity ◽  
Zebrafish Embryos ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Pixel Intensity

Tail coiling is a reflection response in fish embryos that can be used as a model for neurotoxic analysis. The previous method to analyze fish tail coiling is largely based on third-party software. In this study, we aim to develop a simple and cost-effective method called TCMacro by using ImageJ macro to reduce the operational complexity. The basic principle of the current method is based on the dynamic change of pixel intensity in the region of interest (ROI). When the fish tail is moving, the average intensity is increasing. In time when the fish freeze, the peak of mean intensity is maintaining at a relatively low level. By using the optimized macro settings and excel VBA scripts, all the tail coiling measurement processes can be archived with few operation steps with high precision. Three major endpoints of tail coiling counts, tail coiling duration and tail coiling intervals can be obtained in batch. To validate this established method, we tested the potential neurotoxic activity of Tricaine (methanesulfonate, MS-222) and psychoactive compound of caffeine. Zebrafish embryos after Tricaine exposure displayed significantly less tail coiling activity in a dose-dependent manner, and were comparable to manual counting through the Wilcoxon test and Pearson correlation double validation. Zebrafish embryos after caffeine exposure displayed significantly high tail coiling activity. In conclusion, the TCMacro method presented in this study provides a simple and robust method that is able to measure the relative tail coiling activities in zebrafish embryos in a high-throughput manner.

scholarly journals Differential abundances of four forms of Binder of SPerm 1 in the seminal plasma of Bos taurus indicus bulls with different patterns of semen freezability

2016 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 766-777.e2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Jorge Magalhães ◽  
Leonardo Franco Martins ◽  
Renato Lima Senra ◽  
Thaís Ferreira dos Santos ◽  
Denise Silva Okano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Taurus Indicus

Influence of Radiopacity of Dental Composites on the Diagnosis of Secondary Caries: The Correlation Between Objective and Subjective Analyses

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
AD Cruz ◽  
RG Esteves ◽  
IAVP Poiate ◽  
PP Portero ◽  
SM Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Dental Composites ◽  
Internal Diameter ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Secondary Caries ◽  
Pixel Intensity ◽  
Dental Tissues

SUMMARY This study aimed to objectively evaluate the radiopacity of different dental composites and their subjective influence on diagnosing secondary caries–like lesions and how these results correlate. For objective analysis, three resin specimens (1 mm thick, with a 4-mm internal diameter) were made with four composites: 1) Charisma; 2) Filtek Z250; 3) Prisma AP.H; and 4) Glacier. Three human teeth were selected and then mesio-distally sectioned (1 mm thick) to make the dental specimens. An aluminum (Al) wedge (12 steps, 1 mm thick, 99.8% purity) was used as an internal standard to calculate the radiopacity. For subjective analysis, 20 human teeth were selected and then prepared with a mesio-occluso-distal (MOD) inlay cavity, with half the teeth receiving a round cavity to simulate the carious lesion. The MOD was restored using the composites at four different times. Standardized radiographs were acquired and then digitized (300 dpi and eight-bit TIFF) for both analyses. A histogram objectively measured the pixel intensity values of the images, which were converted into millimeters of Al using linear regressions. Eight observers subjectively evaluated the images using a five-point rating scale to diagnose the caries. The data were statistically analyzed using the Student t-test, the Kappa test, diagnostic testing, and the Pearson correlation coefficient (α=0.05). All materials showed radiopacity values compatible with dental tissues (p&gt;0.05); Glacier was similar to dentin and Prisma AP.H was similar to enamel, while the remaining materials showed a middle radiopacity. Prisma AP.H and Glacier differed (p&lt;0.05) in relation to their accuracy to caries diagnosis, with Glacier having greater accuracy. There was a correlation between objective and subjective analyses with negative linear dependence. An increase in the material's radiopacity could have a subjectively negative influence on the diagnosis of secondary caries; thus, an ideal radiopacity for a dental composite is closer to the dentin image and produces similar attenuation to X-rays than does dentin.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial DNA of Nellore and European x Nellore crossing cattle of high performance

2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1203-1205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rogério Abdallah Curi ◽  
Lígia Souza Lima Silveira da Mota ◽  
Antônio Carlos Silveira
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Bos Taurus Indicus ◽  
Nd5 Gene

The objective of this work was to evaluate, through a polymorphism in the ND5 gene of the bovine mitochondrial DNA, the frequency of Bos taurus indicus mtDNA individuals in a sample of Nellore purebred origin animals (n = 69) and crossbred animals originated from crosses of European sires and Nellore purebred origin females (n = 275). Only 2.26% (8/354) of the animals presented Bos taurus indicus mtDNA. The high frequency of Bos taurus taurus mtDNA in these animals can be a consequence of selection, once the animals studied are originated from selected lineages of high performance for meat production.

scholarly journals PROPORÇÃO DO SEXO NA PRODUÇÃO IN VITRO DE EMBRIÕES BOVINOS

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Vinícius Galvão Loiola ◽  
Alexandra Soares Rodrigues ◽  
Marcos Chalhoub ◽  
Priscila Assis Ferraz ◽  
Rodrigo Freitas Bittencourt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Taurus Indicus

Objetivou-se avaliar a proporção do sexo utilizando espermatozoides provenientes de sêmen convencional ou sexado para fêmea em um programa de produção in vitro de embriões (PIVE) bovinos. Foram utilizados oócitos de 87 doadoras Bos taurus indicus da raça Nelore, obtidos por sistema de aspiração folicular transvaginal guiado por ultrassonografia. Os oócitos selecionados foram maturados in vitro, fertilizados com espermatozoides oriundos de sêmen convencional (grupo 1 – CONV) ou sêmen sexado para fêmea (grupo 2 – SEX) e os embriões produzidos foram então cultivados in vitro por sete dias. Após o cultivo, os mesmos foram envasados e inovulados em receptoras mestiças Bos taurus taurus x Bos taurus indicus. Foram transferidos 1.319 embriões, sendo 1.081 produzidos com sêmen convencional (CONV) e 238 com sêmen sexado de fêmea (SEX). O diagnóstico precoce de gestação e a sexagem fetal foram realizados por ultrassonografia transretal. A taxa de gestação total foi 37,38% (493/1.319), sendo 37,74% (408/1.081) no grupo CONV e 35,71% (85/238) no grupo SEX. A proporção do sexo no grupo CONV foi desviada (P=0,002) a favor dos machos (57,84% de machos e 42,16% de fêmeas) e no grupo SEX ocorreu um desvio na proporção (P=0,001) a favor das fêmeas (68,24% de fêmeas e 31,76% de machos). Concluiu-se que a utilização do sêmen convencional em PIVE bovinos elevou a proporção de produtos machos e apesar da utilização de sêmen sexado de fêmea ser uma alternativa para pré-selecionar o sexo dos produtos, ainda houve uma considerável taxa de machos quando se utilizou este tipo de sêmen.

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