208 OVARIAN FOLLICULAR DYNAMICS IN SOUTH AMERICAN CAMELIDS: EFFECT OF PLANE OF NUTRITION AND SPECIES

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 262
Author(s):  
M. P. Cervantes ◽  
T. Orban ◽  
G. P. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Dominant Follicle ◽  
Observational Period ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
South American Camelids ◽  
Nutritional Conditions ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Follicular Dynamics

Controversy exists regarding characteristics of follicular waves in llamas and alpacas. Lactational status has been shown to influence follicular dynamics, but the effects of species and nutrition have not been critically examined. A 2 × 2 experimental design was used to determine the effects of species (llama v. alpaca) and nutritional status (high-plane v. low-plane) on ovarian follicular wave dynamics. Adult female llamas (n = 16) and alpacas (n = 19), ≥ 3 years old, were assigned randomly to either a high or low plane of nutrition. Nutritional planes were defined by the grazing condition of the native pasture. The respective nutritional conditions were imposed 2 weeks before the start of the observational period. Body condition was estimated at the start of the observational period using a subjective scoring system (1 = very thin, 10 = very fat) and ovarian dynamics were monitored daily by transrectal ultrasonography for 38 days. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and are expressed as mean ± SEM. Body condition scores were not different among groups (6.9 ± 0.35 and 6.6 ± 0.19 for llamas on high and low planes of nutrition, respectively, and 7.2 ± 0.25 and 6.8 ± 0.18 for alpacas on high and low planes of nutrition, respectively). The growing phase of the dominant follicle tended (P = 0.1) to be longer in llamas than in alpacas (9.8 ± 0.47 v. 8.8 ± 0.45 days) and in animals on a high plane of nutrition than in animals on a low plane (9.6 ± 0.50 v. 8.6 ± 0.42 days). Accordingly, the maximum diameter of the dominant follicle tended to be larger in llamas than in alpacas (10.1 ± 0.37 v. 9.1 ± 0.30 mm; P = 0.06) and in animals on a high plane of nutrition than in animals on a low plane (9.9 ± 0.39 v. 9.1 ± 0.27 mm; P = 0.14). The interwave interval was similar between llamas and alpacas (16.5 ± 0.66 v. 15.6 ± 0.42 days; P = 0.29), but was longer (P < 0.01) in animals on a high plane of nutrition than in animals on a low plane (16.9 ± 0.54 v. 15.0 ± 0.44 days); there was no interaction between main effects (P = 0.31). The total lifespan (duration of detection) of the dominant follicle was similar in both llamas and alpacas (22.9 ± 0.75 v. 21.9 ± 0.73 days; P = 0.38) and in animals on a high plane of nutrition than in animals on a low plane (22.7 ± 0.78 v. 22.0 ± 0.70 days; P = 0.53). There was no interaction between main effects (P = 0.21). All females (n = 35/35, 100%) had a follicle ≥ 7 mm (ovulatory size) from Days 7 to 12 after wave emergence. In conclusion, a low plane of nutrition had a suppressive effect on dominant follicle growth, resulting in a shortened interwave interval in llamas and alpacas. The interwave interval was not significantly longer in llamas than in alpacas despite a tendency for a longer growing phase and a larger dominant follicle. Research supported by Mitchell Group’s Mallkini Alpaca Breeding and Genetic Centre and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada.

scholarly journals Ovarian Follicular Dynamics during the Estrous Cycle in Jennies in Upper Egypt

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. I. Derar ◽  
H. A. Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Slow Rate ◽  
Ovarian Follicles ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Dominant Follicle ◽  
Upper Egypt ◽  
Follicular Wave ◽  
Preovulatory Follicles ◽  
Follicular Dynamics

The objective of the current study was to describe follicular dynamics in Egyptian Jennies throughout the estrous cycle. In this experiment, 8 estrus cycles in 8 cyclic Jennies were studied from February to June using ultrasonography. The result revealed that one follicular wave per cycle was recorded throughout the studied period. Dominant follicle (DF) was firstly detected at day in Jennies. The growth rate of DF was  mm/day. Left ovulations were nonsignificantly () more than right ovulations (55.6% versus 44.6%). The CL was firstly detected at D , developed in a rate of  mm/day, reached a maximum diameter of  mm at D , and started to regress on D with a mean regression rate of  mm d-1. Results of the present study indicated that Jennies had one follicular wave per cycle. The Day of the cycle has a significant effect on the number of different classes of the ovarian follicles, but not large ones. Ultrasonographic characteristics of the preovulatory follicles could be useful to predict ovulation. CL developed and regressed in a slow rate.

Studies on Ovarian Follicular Dynamics and Steroid Profiles in Sahiwal Cattle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinny Dodiyar ◽  
Parkash Singh Brar ◽  
Narinder Singh ◽  
Mrigank Honparkhe
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Endocrine Regulation ◽  
Dominant Follicle ◽  
Estrous Cycles ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sahiwal Cattle ◽  
Sahiwal Cows ◽  
Follicular Dynamics

Background: Understanding of ovarian follicular dynamics and endocrine regulation is essential to design and use interventions to optimize reproductive efficiency. Bos indicus and Bos taurus cows have some differences in their follicular dynamics and ovarian steroidal hormones. The present study was planned to understand follicular dynamics vis-a-vis ovarian steroids profiles in Sahiwal cattle. Methods: The study was conducted in normal cyclic, pluriparous, non-lactating Sahiwal cows (n=7). Trans-rectal ultrasonography was performed to record the location, size, number of follicles and size of corpus luteum (CL) from the beginning, till the end of experiment. The dataset was used to characterize the follicular wave emergence, growth, regression, time of selection and ovulation of the dominant follicle in each cow. Result: Three Sahiwal cows showed two wave and four cows showed three wave estrous cycles with mean interovulatory length of 20.33±0.33 and 22.50±0.28 days, respectively. No significant difference was recorded in the maximum diameter of corpus luteum, P4 and E2 plasma levels between 2-wave and 3-wave estrous cycles. The peak progesterone values of 6.00±0.91 and 6.2±1.2 ng/ml and peak estradiol values of 15.83±0.60 and 14.31±0.44 ng/ml were recorded in 2-wave and 3-wave estrous cycle, respectively. The results showed that Sahiwal cows had 2-wave and 3-wave estrous cycle and the 3-wave estrous cycle had comparatively longer inter-ovulatory period and smaller maximum diameter of second wave dominant follicle than 2-wave estrous cycle.

scholarly journals 228DOMINANT FOLLICLE DEVIATION IN GUZERA BREED (BOS INDICUS) COWS

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 235
Author(s):  
J.H.M. Viana ◽  
G.T.R.M. Coutinho ◽  
M.P. Palhao ◽  
L.S.A. Camargo ◽  
W.F. Sa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Dominant Follicle ◽  
Estrous Cycles ◽  
Portable Ultrasound ◽  
Follicular Wave ◽  
Lower Maximum ◽  
Ovulatory Follicles ◽  
Follicular Dynamics

Follicular dynamics of Zebu Cattle are characterized by lower maximum diameter and persistence of dominant follicles, when compared to European breeds. However, the main effects of follicular dominance on subordinated follicle population, and consequently on oocyte recovery and embryo production, have been shown to be similar among breeds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dominant follicle establishment period, indicated by follicle divergence, in Zebu cows. Pluriparous, non-lactating Guzera breed (Bos indicus) cows (n=5), presenting a mean body weight of 518.0±48.5kg and similar body score condition (ranging from 3.5 to 4, in a 1 to 5 scale), were used. In a first trial, follicular dynamics were evaluated daily during 1 (n=2) or 2 (n=3) estrous cycles, using a portable ultrasound device equipped with a linear rectal 5MHz transducer (Aloka SSD500, Aloka Co., Tokyo, Japan). In a second trial, estrous cycles were synchronized using progesterone intravaginal-releasing devices (CIDR, Pharmacia, Sao Paulo, Brazil), and follicular dynamics were evaluated every 6h after ovulation, during the first follicular wave, until the largest follicle achieved a diameter of 10mm. During each evaluation ovaries were mapped, and evolution of follicles followed individually. Data are normalized for the moment of follicular divergence, and analyzed by ANOVA. Results are presented as mean±SD. Data from the first evaluations confirmed the occurrence of cycles with three (4/8) and four (1/8) follicular waves, despite a mean cycle length of 19.1±1.9 days, with a maximum diameter of 11.6±2.4mm for non-ovulatory follicles, and 14.4±0.5mm for ovulatory follicles. Follicular deviation during the first follicular wave occurred 49.2±5.0h after ovulation, when the largest follicle presented a diameter of 7.3±0.6mm, and the second largest follicle 6.8±0.7mm. Growth rates of the dominant and the largest subordinated follicles were similar before (0.35mm/6h vs. 0.33mm/6h, respectively;; P&gt;0.05), but significantly different after deviation (0.52mm 6h v. −0.04mm 6h; P&lt;0.05). These results shows that the lower maximum diameter and persistence of dominant follicles, in Zebu cattle, is partially compensated by an earlier dominant follicle deviation.

scholarly journals Follicular dynamics in zebu cattle

2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 2501-2509 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOÃO HENRIQUE MOREIRA VIANA ◽  
ADEMIR DE MORAES FERREIRA ◽  
WANDERLEI FERREIRA DE SÁ ◽  
LUIZ SÉRGIO DE ALMEIDA CAMARGO
Keyword(s):  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Dominant Follicle ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Portable Ultrasound ◽  
Follicular Waves ◽  
Ovulatory Follicle ◽  
Follicular Dynamics

The aim of this study was to investigate the follicular dynamics during estrous cycle in Gir breed (Bos indicus) cows. Follicular growth and atresia during estrous cycle were evaluated using a portable ultrasound device. Luteal activity was evaluated by serum progesterone levels. Cycles with two (6.67%), three (60.00%), four (26.67%) and five (6.67%) follicular waves were observed. There was no difference (P>0.05) in dominant or subordinate follicles growth or atresia rates among follicular waves. The maximum diameter of the ovulatory follicle was higher than the diameter of the other dominant follicles in cycles with four waves, and higher than the diameter of the second dominant follicle in cycles with three waves (P<0.05). There was no difference (P>0.05) in estrous cycle length (21.11±1.76 and 22.25±1.71 days) or progesterone levels during diestrous (4.48±1.45 and 5.08±1.40 ng/mL) between cycles with three or four waves. Follicular dynamics in Gir cattle is characterized by a higher incidence of cycles with three or four waves, associated with a low persistence of the dominant follicle.

scholarly journals The use of a ‘first-wave’ model to study the effect of nutrition on ovarian follicular dynamics and ovulation rate in the sheep

Reproduction ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 140 (6) ◽  
pp. 865-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Viñoles ◽  
B Paganoni ◽  
K M M Glover ◽  
J T B Milton ◽  
D Blache ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Wave Model ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Metabolic Hormones ◽  
Follicular Waves ◽  
Follicular Wave ◽  
The Third ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Follicular Dynamics

We have developed an experimental model in which groups of ewes are simultaneously experiencing the first ovarian follicular wave of their oestrous cycle. We used this ‘first-wave model’ in a 2×2 factorial experiment (ten ewes per group) to study the effect of body condition (BC) and a short-term supplement on follicular dynamics and ovulation rate. The ‘first-wave’ was established by giving ewes three injections of prostaglandin (PG), 7 days apart. The 6-day supplement (lupin grain) began 2 days after the second PG injection and continued until the third. Follicles were studied by ultrasound, and blood was sampled to measure glucose and hormones. The supplement increased (P<0.01) the concentrations of glucose, insulin and leptin, decreased FSH concentrations (P<0.01) and tended to increase oestradiol concentrations (P=0.06). The supplement tended to increase the number of 3 mm follicles (P=0.06). Compared with low-BC ewes, high-BC ewes had more follicular waves (P<0.05), higher concentrations of insulin, leptin and IGF1 (P<0.05) and tended to have higher FSH concentrations (P=0.09). Leptin and insulin concentrations remained high until the end of supplementation in high-BC ewes, whereas they decreased after the third day of supplementation in low-BC ewes. In conclusion, high concentrations of metabolic hormones in fat ewes are associated with the development of more follicular waves. When a supplement is superimposed on this situation, changes in glucose and metabolic hormones allow more follicles to be selected to ovulate.

164 EFFECT OF OVULATION-INDUCING FACTOR (OIF) ON OVARIAN FUNCTION IN CATTLE

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 162 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Van Steelandt ◽  
V. M. Tanco ◽  
M. H. Ratto ◽  
G. P. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Dominant Follicle ◽  
Wave Dynamics ◽  
Follicular Wave ◽  
As Species

Systemic administration of ovulation-inducing factor (OIF), discovered recently in seminal plasma of llamas, alpacas (induced ovulators), and cattle (spontaneous ovulators), stimulated ovulation in >90% of female llamas and alpacas. The objective of the present study was to test the hypothesis that purified OIF from llama seminal plasma would induce ovulation in cattle. Peripubertal heifers, weighing 323 � 27 kg, were used to minimize the confounding effect of spontaneous ovulation. Heifers (n = 11/group) were treated intramuscularly with 1.0 mg/100 kg of purified OIF, 100 µg of GnRH (positive control), or 2.5 mL of phosphate-buffered saline (negative control). Ovarian dynamics were monitored daily by transrectal ultrasonography for 10 days post-treatment. Blood samples were collected at 0.5- to 1-h intervals for 8 h, beginning at the time of treatment. Ovulation occurred in 9/11 (82%) of GnRH-treated heifers and in 1/11 (9%) heifers in each of the OIF- and saline-treated groups (P < 0.05). A surge in plasma LH concentration was detected within 30 min of treatment in the GnRH group (2.2 � 0.1 ng mL–1; P < 0.05), but remained at the basal level in the OIF- and saline-treated groups (0.3 � 0.1 and 0.2 � 0.1 ng mL–1, respectively). The onset of regression of the dominant follicle present at the time of treatment was earlier (P < 0.05) in OIF- v. saline-treated heifers (3.1 � 0.6 days v. 6.0 � 0.7 days). The interval from treatment to follicular wave emergence was shorter (P < 0.05) in GnRH- and OIF-treated heifers than in those treated with saline (1.1 � 0.4 days, 1.5 � 0.3 days, and 3.1 � 0.3 days, respectively). A similar pattern was observed for emergence of the second follicular wave (5.1 � 0.7 days, 4.6 � 0.5 days, and 6.6 � 0.4 days, respectively). Purified OIF did not induce ovulation in heifers but hastened both the regression of the extant dominant follicle and follicular wave emergence. Results provide a rationale for the hypothesis that OIF from seminal plasma is involved in controlling follicular wave dynamics in spontaneously ovulating species (e.g., Bos taurus) through a suppressive effect on the dominant follicle. The mechanism of action on ovarian follicular wave dynamics, as well as species specificity, remains to be elucidated.

129 Ovarian dynamics and gonadotropins during selection of the dominant follicle in postpartum lactating versus non-postpartum cycling mares

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
M. Pastorello ◽  
M. O. Gastal ◽  
G. K. Piquini ◽  
D. B. Godoi ◽  
E. L. Gastal
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Sequential Data ◽  
Dominant Follicle ◽  
Follicle Diameter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Follicle Selection ◽  
Ovarian Dynamics ◽  
Selection Of

The mare, compared to other livestock, has the shortest interval from partum to the first ovulation. In monovulatory species, the follicle deviation process in a wave is characterised by the continued growth of the dominant follicle (DF) and regression of the subordinate follicle. Although follicle diameter deviation, a key event of follicle selection, has been investigated during the oestrous and menstrual cycles, the occurrence of this phenomenon before the first postpartum ovulation seems to be unclear in all species. This study aimed to compare the follicular dynamics and gonadotropin profiles around the follicle diameter deviation day in postpartum lactating (PP Lactating; n=24) versus non-postpartum cycling (NPP Cycling; n=15) mares. On the day of parturition, every PP Lactating mare was paired with an NPP Cycling mare, and ovarian follicles (&gt;4mm) were tracked daily by transrectal ultrasonography, and blood samples were collected. Data were analysed in the PP Lactating group according to the length of the partum-ovulation interval (POI; ≤22 and &gt;22 days) and the postpartum interovulatory interval (PPIOI), and in the NPP Cycling group during two interovulatory intervals (1st and 2nd IOI). In addition, regardless of group, all four intervals were compared. We performed the FSH and LH assays using radioimmunoassay. Ovarian and hormonal parameters were analysed using ANOVA for sequential data. The day and diameter of the DF at the deviation (overall mean: 14.9±2.5 days; 21.7±0.4mm, respectively) were not different (P&gt;0.05) between PP Lactating and NPP Cycling mares. However, when considering the length of POI, follicle deviation occurred 4.4±0.8 days earlier (P&lt;0.001) in mares with POI ≤ 22 days than in mares with POI&gt;22 days. No difference was found between PP Lactating and NPP Cycling mares within and between groups for the intervals from deviation to maximum diameter of the DF (10.4±0.4 days), for the intervals from deviation to ovulation (12.1±0.5 days), or for the growth rates of the DF from deviation to maximum diameter (2.6±0.1mm per day). The growth rate of the DF from deviation to ovulation (2.4±0.1mm per day) did not differ between PP Lactating and NNP Cycling mares; however, this growth rate was lower (P&lt;0.03) in the POI, PPIOI, and 1st IOI compared with the 2nd IOI. The mean diameter of the DF around deviation (days −3 to 3; 22.5±0.3mm), and systemic FSH (days −4 to 4; 10.3±0.2ngmL−1) were not different between PP Lactating and NPP Cycling mares. Level of LH was lower (P&lt;0.0001) around deviation (days −4 to 4) in the PP Lactating (0.7±0.0ngmL−1) versus the NPP Cycling mares (1.8±0.1ngmL−1). Results demonstrated that a partum effect occurs only on the day of deviation in mares during the foal heat (POI ≤ 22 days) and that low levels of LH during both intervals in PP Lactating mares were not detrimental to prevent ovulation.

Ovarian follicular dynamics and endocrine profiles in Polwarth ewes with high and low body condition

2002 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 539-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Viñoles ◽  
L. J. Harris ◽  
M. Forsberg ◽  
G. Banchero ◽  
E. Rubianes
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Follicular Waves ◽  
Follicular Wave ◽  
Similar Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Turn Over ◽  
Follicular Dynamics

AbstractIn this investigation we tested the hypothesis that static body condition (BC) of the ewe affects oestradiol and FSH with implications for subsequent follicular growth and turn-over. Sixteen Polwarth ewes were selected from a flock according to their BC score (scale: 1 emaciated; 5 obese). High BC (HBC) ewes (no. = 8) had a BC score of 4·1 (s.e. 0·1) and low BC (LBC) ewes (no. = 8) had a BC score of 1·9 (s.e. 0·1). Daily ultrasound examinations were performed and blood samples for progesterone, oestradiol and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) determination were collected. All HBC ewes (8/8) exhibited three waves of follicular development, while four LBC ewes (4/8) had two waves and the other four (4/8) had three waves of follicular development (P ≤ 0·05) during the interovulatory period. Overall, the emergences of 33 out of 44 follicular waves were preceded by significant increases in FSH concentrations. Maximum FSH concentrations were detected 0·9 ± 0·2 days before wave emergence. Oestradiol concentrations increased significantly during the growing phase in 38 out of 44 large follicles. A negative correlation between oestradiol and FSH was observed in HBC ewes. A similar inhibitory effect of oestradiol on FSH was observed in LBC ewes, irrespective of whether they developed two or three follicular waves. However, a longer period with high FSH was needed to promote the emergence of the second follicular wave in two-wave LBC ewes. Four HBC ewes had twin ovulations but no LBC ewes did (P ≤ 0·05). In HBC ewes, the follicular phase was characterized by lower oestradiol (6·5 (s.e. 1·0) pmol/l) but higher mean FSH concentrations (2·4 (s.e.0·4) μg/l) than in LBC ewes (8·9 (s.e. 1·2) pmol/l and 2·0 (s.e. 0·3) μg/l, respectively; P ≤ 0·05). The present results suggest that BC influences the pattern of follicular dynamics through changes in the endocrine milieu. Higher FSH concentrations during the follicular phase in HBC ewes, which allowed an extended period of follicular recruitment from a significantly larger pool of small antral follicles could explain the higher ovulation rate observed in this group.

Effects of a dominant follicle on ovarian follicular dynamics during the oestrous cycle in heifers

Reproduction ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 511-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. H. Ko ◽  
J. P. Kastelic ◽  
M. R. Del Campo ◽  
O. J. Ginther
Keyword(s):  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Dominant Follicle ◽  
Follicular Dynamics

Miniature ponies: 1. Follicular, luteal and endometrial dynamics during the oestrous cycle

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 376 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. Gastal ◽  
A. P. Neves ◽  
R. C. Mattos ◽  
B. P. L. Petrucci ◽  
M. O. Gastal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Potential Model ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Preovulatory Follicle ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Follicular Dynamics

Follicular dynamics were studied during 12 interovulatory intervals (IOIs) and 36 preovulatory periods in Miniature mares. The percentage of IOIs with the following follicle events was: ovulatory wave with only one follicle ≥10 mm (55%), diameter deviation similar to previous reports in larger mares (25%) and minor waves emerging before or after the ovulatory wave (55%). Follicle data were compared among Miniature ponies, large ponies and Breton horses (n = 12 IOIs per breed). The IOI was longer (P < 0.001) in Miniature ponies (23.3 ± 0.9 days) and in large ponies (23.9 ± 0.5 days) than in Breton horses (20.3 ± 0.7 days). The Miniature ponies had fewer (P < 0.0001) growing follicles ≥10 mm per ovulatory wave (1.5 ± 0.3) and more (P < 0.0004) ovulatory waves (6/11) with only one follicle ≥10 mm than large ponies (9.8 ± 0.8 and 0/12) and horses (5.8 ± 0.9 and 0/12). Maximum diameter of the preovulatory follicle was smaller (P < 0.003) in the Miniature ponies (38.3 ± 0.7 mm) than in the horses (44.5 ± 1.4 mm), but the difference between breeds was slight (6%) compared with the difference in bodyweight (65%). Considering the small number of follicles per ovulatory wave, Miniature mares are a potential model for comparative studies in folliculogenesis within and among species.

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