Miniature ponies: 1. Follicular, luteal and endometrial dynamics during the oestrous cycle

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 376 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. Gastal ◽  
A. P. Neves ◽  
R. C. Mattos ◽  
B. P. L. Petrucci ◽  
M. O. Gastal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Potential Model ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Preovulatory Follicle ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Follicular Dynamics

Follicular dynamics were studied during 12 interovulatory intervals (IOIs) and 36 preovulatory periods in Miniature mares. The percentage of IOIs with the following follicle events was: ovulatory wave with only one follicle ≥10 mm (55%), diameter deviation similar to previous reports in larger mares (25%) and minor waves emerging before or after the ovulatory wave (55%). Follicle data were compared among Miniature ponies, large ponies and Breton horses (n = 12 IOIs per breed). The IOI was longer (P < 0.001) in Miniature ponies (23.3 ± 0.9 days) and in large ponies (23.9 ± 0.5 days) than in Breton horses (20.3 ± 0.7 days). The Miniature ponies had fewer (P < 0.0001) growing follicles ≥10 mm per ovulatory wave (1.5 ± 0.3) and more (P < 0.0004) ovulatory waves (6/11) with only one follicle ≥10 mm than large ponies (9.8 ± 0.8 and 0/12) and horses (5.8 ± 0.9 and 0/12). Maximum diameter of the preovulatory follicle was smaller (P < 0.003) in the Miniature ponies (38.3 ± 0.7 mm) than in the horses (44.5 ± 1.4 mm), but the difference between breeds was slight (6%) compared with the difference in bodyweight (65%). Considering the small number of follicles per ovulatory wave, Miniature mares are a potential model for comparative studies in folliculogenesis within and among species.

scholarly journals OVARIAN FOLLICULAR DYNAMICS IN Gn-RH ANTAGONIST TREATED HEIFERS DURING THE PERIOVULATORY PERIOD

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Bambang Poernomo S.
Keyword(s):  
Control Animal ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Preovulatory Follicle ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Follicular Dynamics

It is not clear wheter the turnover of ovaries follicles during the periovulatory period in Gn-RH treated heifers. This study was performed to test the hypothesis that an increase dosage of Gn-RH antagonist influences the follicular development. Six normocyclic black pied heafers was derived into equally two control and treatment groups. The injection of Gn-RH antagonist Antarelix (Eurpeptides, France) and vehicle (mannitol) were performed six times every 12 hours on the day-1, 0, 1 and 2, respectively. Ultrasound examinations of the ovaries can carried out using B-mode scanner and performed every day beginning from day 0. Result of the study suggest all animals showed sign of behaviorial estrous begining around 52 hours after induction of luteolysis. All control animal showed the development of a large (more than eight mm diameter) preovulatory follicle with maximum diameters between 11 and 15 mm and thereafter ovulated. Two of there controls ovulated between days 1 and 2 the remining control heifer showed ovulation between days 2 and 3. Treated animals developed large follicles with maximum diameter between 12 and 17 mm but they did not ovulate. Concerning the number of small (one to less than four mm diameter) and medium (four to eight mm diameter) follicles there were no significantly differences found between control and treated animals. However, Antarelix did not inhibit the development of all follicles. Antarelix also did not inhibit the development fo large follicles but inhibited ovulations.

Follicular dynamics during the oestrous cycle in dairy goats

1999 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gonzalez de Bulnes ◽  
J. Santiago Moreno ◽  
A. Gomez-Brunet ◽  
E. K. Inskeep ◽  
E. C. Townsend ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cycle Length ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Transrectal Ultrasonography ◽  
Follicular Growth ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mean Cycle ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Dairy Breed ◽  
Follicular Dynamics

AbstractDevelopment of all follicles with antral diameter ≥2 mm during the oestrous cycle was characterized in goats of the Murciana-Granadina dairy breed by daily transrectal ultrasonography. Of nine does initially synchronized in oestrus, six returned to oestrus and three did not. In the first six does, mean cycle length was 21·2 (s.e. 2-3) days. There were mean total numbers of 6·2 (s.e. 0·6) small (2 to 3 mm), 1·9 (s.e. 0·3) medium (4 to 5 mm), and 1·0 (s.e. 0·2) large follicles (≥6 mm) each day but only numbers of large follicles differed with day of cycle (P < 0·01). The diameters of the largest follicle (LF1), the second largest (LF2) and the remaining follicles (RF) varied with day of cycle (P < 0·01). The LF1 and LF2 varied with day in similar patterns but the difference in diameter between them (P < 0·05) was greatest on days 7 and 9 (2·3 mm) and days 19 to 23 (2·2 to 3·8 mm), and least on days 2, 15, 16 and 18 (0·5 to 0·8 mm). The relationship between the LF1 and LF2 to the RF differed only early or late in the cycle when concentrations of progesterone were low (P < 0.05). There was some evidence to support follicular growth in waves. Although the number of apparently new follicles detected (4·8 (s.e. 0·4) per day) did not vary with day of cycle, follicles emerging at 3 mm over a 48-h period that grew to a diameter of ≥6 mm were distributed non-randomly in three of six cyclic does. The three cystic does that did not return to oestrus by day 25 had large follicles (16 to 28 mm), fewer new follicles (3·3 (s.e. 1-1) per day; P < 0·01) than cyclic does (4·8 (s.e. 0·4) per day) and fewer follicles that became largest (4·0 v. 8·8 in cyclic does; P < 0·01).

scholarly journals Ovarian Follicular Dynamics during the Estrous Cycle in Jennies in Upper Egypt

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. I. Derar ◽  
H. A. Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Slow Rate ◽  
Ovarian Follicles ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Dominant Follicle ◽  
Upper Egypt ◽  
Follicular Wave ◽  
Preovulatory Follicles ◽  
Follicular Dynamics

The objective of the current study was to describe follicular dynamics in Egyptian Jennies throughout the estrous cycle. In this experiment, 8 estrus cycles in 8 cyclic Jennies were studied from February to June using ultrasonography. The result revealed that one follicular wave per cycle was recorded throughout the studied period. Dominant follicle (DF) was firstly detected at day in Jennies. The growth rate of DF was  mm/day. Left ovulations were nonsignificantly () more than right ovulations (55.6% versus 44.6%). The CL was firstly detected at D , developed in a rate of  mm/day, reached a maximum diameter of  mm at D , and started to regress on D with a mean regression rate of  mm d-1. Results of the present study indicated that Jennies had one follicular wave per cycle. The Day of the cycle has a significant effect on the number of different classes of the ovarian follicles, but not large ones. Ultrasonographic characteristics of the preovulatory follicles could be useful to predict ovulation. CL developed and regressed in a slow rate.

scholarly journals Ultrasonic elastography and conventional ultrasound in the diagnosis of thyroid micro-nodules

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinming Wang ◽  
Wenbing Wei ◽  
Rui Guo
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Roc Curve ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Ultrasound Elastography ◽  
Surgical Pathology ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Conventional Ultrasound ◽  
Missed Diagnosis ◽  
The Difference

Objective: To investigate the clinical value of conventional ultrasound, ultrasound elastography and conventional ultrasound combined with ultrasound elastography in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid micro-nodules. Methods: Eighty-six patients who were found with thyroid micro-nodules with the maximum diameter no more than 10 mm in the physical examination in our hospital from June 2015 to December 2017 were selected, and 102 nodules were included. All patients were confirmed with thyroid micro-nodules by puncture or surgical pathology and underwent conventional ultrasound and ultrasound elastography. Taking the surgical pathological results as a control, the value of conventional ultrasound, ultrasound elastography and conventional ultrasound combined with ultrasound elastography in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid micro-nodules were compared. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn, and the area under the ROC curve was calculated. Results: One hundred and two thyroid nodules were detected by surgical pathology, including 75 benign nodules (73.53%) and 27 malignant nodules (26.47%). The sensitivity and diagnostic accordance rate of ultrasound elastography were significantly higher than those of conventional ultrasound in the diagnosis of thyroid microcarcinoma, and the missed diagnosis rate of ultrasound elastography was significantly lower than that of conventional ultrasound; the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). However, the difference between the two methods was not statistically significant in terms of diagnostic specificity and misdiagnosis rate (P>0.05). The areas under the ROC curve in the diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules by conventional ultrasound and ultrasound elastography were 0.735 and 0.743 respectively. Conclusion: Conventional ultrasound can be used as a routine examination technique in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules, while ultrasound elastography can improve the sensitivity and diagnostic rate in the diagnosis of thyroid micro carcinoma. It can help to reduce the clinical missed diagnosis, which also can be be used as an effective supplement for conventional ultrasound. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.6.777 How to cite this:Wang J, Wei W, Guo R. Ultrasonic elastography and conventional ultrasound in the diagnosis of thyroid micro-nodules. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(6):1526-1531. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.6.777 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Studies on Ovarian Follicular Dynamics and Steroid Profiles in Sahiwal Cattle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinny Dodiyar ◽  
Parkash Singh Brar ◽  
Narinder Singh ◽  
Mrigank Honparkhe
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Endocrine Regulation ◽  
Dominant Follicle ◽  
Estrous Cycles ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sahiwal Cattle ◽  
Sahiwal Cows ◽  
Follicular Dynamics

Background: Understanding of ovarian follicular dynamics and endocrine regulation is essential to design and use interventions to optimize reproductive efficiency. Bos indicus and Bos taurus cows have some differences in their follicular dynamics and ovarian steroidal hormones. The present study was planned to understand follicular dynamics vis-a-vis ovarian steroids profiles in Sahiwal cattle. Methods: The study was conducted in normal cyclic, pluriparous, non-lactating Sahiwal cows (n=7). Trans-rectal ultrasonography was performed to record the location, size, number of follicles and size of corpus luteum (CL) from the beginning, till the end of experiment. The dataset was used to characterize the follicular wave emergence, growth, regression, time of selection and ovulation of the dominant follicle in each cow. Result: Three Sahiwal cows showed two wave and four cows showed three wave estrous cycles with mean interovulatory length of 20.33±0.33 and 22.50±0.28 days, respectively. No significant difference was recorded in the maximum diameter of corpus luteum, P4 and E2 plasma levels between 2-wave and 3-wave estrous cycles. The peak progesterone values of 6.00±0.91 and 6.2±1.2 ng/ml and peak estradiol values of 15.83±0.60 and 14.31±0.44 ng/ml were recorded in 2-wave and 3-wave estrous cycle, respectively. The results showed that Sahiwal cows had 2-wave and 3-wave estrous cycle and the 3-wave estrous cycle had comparatively longer inter-ovulatory period and smaller maximum diameter of second wave dominant follicle than 2-wave estrous cycle.

Phenylalanyl-tRNA Synthetase from Baker'Yeast: Structural Organization of the Enzyme and Its Complex with tRNAPhe as Determined by X-Ray Small-Angle Scattering

1979 ◽  
Vol 34 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 20-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Pilz ◽  
Karin Goral ◽  
Friedrich v. d. Haar
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Small Angle ◽  
Quaternary Structure ◽  
Trna Synthetase ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Radius Of Gyration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Angle Scattering ◽  
The Difference

Abstract The quaternary structure of the phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase and its complex with tRNAPhe was studied in dilute solutions by small angle X-ray scattering. For the free synthetase the radius of gyration was determined as 5.5 nm, the volume 523 nm3, the maximum diameter 17.5 nm and the molecular weight as 260 000 using an isopotential specific volume of 0.735. The overall shape could be best approximated by a flat cylinder with dimensions 18.2 nm X 11.5 nm X 4 nm ; the loose structure was approximated by building up the cylinder by spheres (diameter 4.2 nm).The corresponding parameters of the enzyme tRNA complex were the following: radius of gyration 5.9 nm, volume 543 nm 3, maximum diameter 21 nm and molecular weight 290 000. These parameters suggest an 1:1 complex, whereby it must be assumed that the tRNA molecule is attached in the extension of the longer axis. From the difference in the distance distribution functions of the free enzyme and the complex it is evident that we have to assume a change of conformation (contraction) of the enzyme upon the binding of the specific tRNA.

Follicular dynamics and secretion of inhibin and oestradiol-17β during the oestrous cycle of the hamster

1995 ◽  
Vol 146 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Kishi ◽  
K Taya ◽  
G Watanabe ◽  
S Sasamoto
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Antral Follicles ◽  
Follicular Maturation ◽  
Follicular Dynamics

Abstract Plasma and ovarian levels of inhibin were determined by a radioimmunoassay (RIA) at 3-h intervals throughout the 4-day oestrous cycle of hamsters. Plasma concentrations of FSH, LH, progesterone, testosterone and oestradiol-17β were also determined by RIAs. In addition, hamsters were injected at various times with human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) to determine the follicular development. The changes in plasma concentrations of FSH after injection of antisera to oestradiol-17β (oestradiol-AS) and inhibin (inhibin-AS) on the morning of day 2 (day 1=day of ovulation) were also determined. Plasma concentrations of inhibin showed a marked increase on the afternoon of day 1, remained at plateau levels until the morning of day 4, then increased abruptly on the afternoon of day 4 when preovulatory LH and FSH surges were initiated. A marked decrease in plasma concentrations of inhibin occurred during the process of ovulation after the preovulatory gonadotrophin surges. An inverse relationship between plasma levels of FSH and inhibin was observed when the secondary surge of FSH was in progress during the periovulatory period. Plasma concentrations of oestradiol-17β showed three increase phases and these changes differed from those of inhibin. Changes in plasma concentrations of oestradiol-17β correlated well with the maturation and regression of large antral follicles. Follicles capable of ovulating following hCG administration were first noted at 2300 h on day 1. The number of follicles capable of ovulating reached a maximum on the morning of day 3 (24·8± 0·6), and decreased by 0500 h on day 4 (15·0 ± 1·1), corresponding to the number of normal spontaneous ovulations. Plasma concentrations of FSH were dramatically increased within 6 h after inhibin-AS, though no increase in FSH levels was observed after oestradiol-AS. These findings suggest that changes in the plasma levels of inhibin during the oestrous cycle provide a precise indicator of follicular recruitment, and that the changes in plasma concentrations of oestradiol-17β are associated with follicular maturation. These findings also suggest that inhibin may play a major role in the inhibition of FSH secretion during the oestrous cycle of the hamster. Journal of Endocrinology (1995) 146, 169–176

124 Ovarian follicular development and steroid secretion during oestrous cycle of Lohi sheep

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
M. Younis ◽  
M. Irfan-ur-Rehman Khan ◽  
A. Murtaza ◽  
M. Abbas ◽  
M. Z. Tahir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peak Plasma ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Wave Pattern ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Preovulatory Follicles ◽  
Wave Patterns

Pakistan has 30.9 million heads of sheep; however, little information is available on their reproductive aspects. The objective of this study was to document ovarian physiology and endocrinology of Lohi ewes during the oestrous cycle. Nine Lohi ewes, synchronized by administering single prostaglandin F2α (PGF2a; Cyclomate, Star Laboratories), were monitored for ovarian follicular dynamics using transrectal ultrasonography (7.5MHz, HS-1500, Honda) for two consecutive oestrous cycles during the breeding season (September to November 2018). Changes in plasma progesterone and oestradiol-17β concentrations of ewes (n=9) were also determined during the oestrous cycle using radioimmunoassay. The interovulatory interval of Lohi ewes averaged 17.0±0.1 days, and the duration of follicular and luteal phases was 4.6±0.2 and 11.3±0.2 days, respectively. Follicles emerged in either 3- or 4-wave patterns, but the frequency of the 3-wave pattern was higher than that of the 4-wave (87 vs. 13%, respectively; P=0.05). Following ovulation (Day 0), follicles (=3mm) in 3-wave cycles (n=14) emerged on Days 0.7, 5.2, and 10.5, whereas in 4-wave cycles (n=2) follicles emerged on Days 0.1, 4, 8.5, and 11.5. The maximum diameter of preovulatory follicles and corpora lutea (CL) were 5.4±0.3 and 10.4±0.3mm, respectively. Regardless of the wave pattern, single ovulation occurred in each cycle. The CL was first detectable on Day 4±0.1, it reached maximum diameter on Day 9±0.1, and luteolysis began on Day 12.2±0.2 of the cycle. The peak plasma oestradiol-17β concentration (42.5±2.6 pgmL−1) was observed 48h before ovulation and correlated with the diameter of the preovulatory follicle during the follicular phase (r=0.84; P&lt;0.05). The peak plasma progesterone concentration (11.8±1.7ngmL−1) was observed on Day 9±0.1 and coincided with the diameter of CL throughout the oestrous cycle (r=0.93; P&lt;0.05). In conclusion, the majority of oestrous cycles in Lohi ewes had a 3-wave pattern and were mono-ovulatory in nature.

scholarly journals Anatomical and histological changes during the oestrous cycle in the mare

1941 ◽  
Vol 130 (858) ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Graafian Follicle ◽  
Heat Period ◽  
To Come ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Dominant Part

The mares chosen for the investigation of the changes in the reproductive organs during the oestrous cycle were kept under observation for some time before they were killed. The duration of the heat period in these animals was 7 days and the length of the dioestrus was 16 days. Ovulation takes place at about a day before the end of oestrus. The size of the ovary during the oestrous cycle is chiefly influenced by the growing Graafian follicle. The number of follicles present at different stages varies greatly. The numerous small follicles present at the beginning of oestrus disappear later in the cycle; it is suggested that this may be due to the lack of follicle-stimulating hormone. The colour of the corpus luteum varies greatly at different stages of the cycle. The rupture of the follicle is associated with some bleeding. The active stage of the corpus luteum is very short, and the maximum diameter of the corpus luteum seems to be always below that of the Graafian follicle. The greater development of the Graafian follicle, with its secretion of oestrin, in the mare leads to its playing a more important role than in the cow and the sow, in which species the corpus luteum takes a m ore dominant part in the cycle. It appears that the much longer oestrus in the mare than in the cow is due to the longer time required by the follicle to come to the surface and to break through. This is probably due to the peculiar structure of the ovary in the mare, since the ovulation, which is spontaneous, can only occur in the small ovulation fossa. No pronounced secretion stage occurs during oestrus in the Fallopian tubes.

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