166 POTENTIAL OF URINARY RELAXIN AS A USEFUL INDICATOR OF PREGNANCY IN THE MANED WOLF

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 182 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Santymire ◽  
B. Steinetz ◽  
R. M. Santymire ◽  
J. L. Brown ◽  
N. Songsasen
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
The North ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Maned Wolf ◽  
Chrysocyon Brachyurus ◽  
The Relationship

The maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus), a neotropical canid, lives in habitats severely compromised by agricultural development. Therefore, maintaining a healthy and viable zoo population is crucial, because it serves as hedge against extinction. However, the North American ex situ population of maned wolves is far from self-sustaining, mainly due to low pregnancy success and high neonatal mortality. Currently, there is no non-invasive way to determine pregnancy in this species. Therefore, the goal is to determine whether urinary relaxin can be used as an indicator of pregnancy in this species. Objectives were to (1) determine the relationship between serum and urinary relaxin in canids, using pregnant domestic bitches as a model, and (2) evaluate the patterns of urinary relaxin in pregnant v. non-pregnant female maned wolves. Serum and urine samples were obtained weekly from six pregnant domestic bitches starting from the day of natural breeding until 3 weeks before the estimated whelping dates. For the maned wolf, urine and feces were obtained weekly during a breeding season (October to February) from six females, three of which were pregnant and gave birth. Concentrations of serum and urinary relaxin were measured using the double antibody canine relaxin radioimmunoassay (Steinetz et al. 1996 Biol. Reprod. 54, 1252–1260). Fecal progestagen were determined using an enzyme immunoassay (Songsasen et al. 2006 Theriogenology 66, 1743–1750). The relationship between serum and urinary relaxin concentrations was determined using the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Analysis. The relationship between urinary relaxin concentrations and days before whelping (for pregnant females) or time after the initial rise of progestagen for each individual were determined using a linear regression analysis. Serial dilutions of pooled dog urine produced displacement curves parallel to those of the appropriate synthetic canine relaxin standards, while wolf samples showed limited parallelism with low concentration of immunoactive antigen. Concentrations of urinary relaxin were significantly correlated with the serum counterpart in pregnant dogs (P < 0.01, r2 0.58). In pregnant maned wolves, relaxin level increased two- to six-fold as gestation progressed (P < 0.05, r2 ranged from 0.15 to 0.56). In contrast, urinary relaxin remained at the baseline in non-pregnant females throughout the diestrus period (P > 0.05). In conclusion, our findings suggest that urinary relaxin mirrors serum relaxin during pregnancy in domestic bitches and may have potential as a tool to diagnose pregnancy in the maned wolf. Further studies are required to improve the specificity and sensitivity of this non-invasive assay.

scholarly journals EXPANSÃO DA ÁREA DE OCORRÊNCIA DO LOBO-GUARÁ, Chrysocyon brachyurus (CARNIVORA, CANIDAE) NO BIOMA AMAZÔNICO

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (04) ◽  
pp. 928-937
Author(s):  
Odair Silva-Diogo ◽  
◽  
Larissa Gabriela Araujo Goebel ◽  
Marco Rodrigo de Sousa ◽  
Almério Câmara Gusmão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
New Records ◽  
Geographical Range ◽  
Amazon Forest ◽  
Gray Literature ◽  
The North ◽  
Complementary Role ◽  
Maned Wolf ◽  
Chrysocyon Brachyurus

The maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus; Carnivora, Canidae) is the South America's largest canid, typically occurring in open areas of Cerrado, Chaco and Pampa. Its geographical distribution is historically limited to the north by the Amazon forest, and to the northeast by the Caatinga and Atlantic Forest biomes. However, recent studies have reported that its occurrence has recently been expanded to the boundaries of its distribution range. In this study, we presented 22 records of the maned wolf for the Amazon biome, including six records from gray literature, six records of scientific articles from indexed journals and 10 new records, expanding the northwest limit of its geographical range in 51,178.78 km². The presence of the maned wolf in protected and unprotected areas of the Amazon biome, as reported in this study, can play a complementary role in the conservation of species, since its historically boundaries are becoming increasingly permeable.

scholarly journals Heavy Precipitation Events in Marmara Region and connections with the North Atlantic and Arctic Oscillation Patterns

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sevinc A. Sirdas ◽  
Ali Behzat Diriker ◽  
Vinay Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Arctic Oscillation ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Heavy Precipitation ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Marmara Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
The Relationship

The prediction and understanding of the extreme weather events became one of the top priorities of the forecasting centers. To analyze the heavy rainfall events, the data from reanalysis and station datasets are utilized. The linear regression analysis and principle component analysis (PCA) are applied on precipitation, temperature, Arctic Oscillation Indices (AO) and North Atlantic Oscillation Indices (NAO) datasets. The results indicate that the relationship between these variables can be expressed neither by linear regression nor by PCA, which falls in short in capturing the complexity of the problem. The results indicate the importance of low-level jet in two cases out of three cases considered here.

The Relationship between Ultrasonic Ambulatory Venous Pressure and Residual Volume Fraction in Primary Venous Insufficiency

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 146-150
Author(s):  
P. Zamboni ◽  
D. Quaglio ◽  
C. Cisno ◽  
F. Marchetti ◽  
L. Cisno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Venous Insufficiency ◽  
Venous Insufficiency ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Residual Volume ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Vascular Laboratory ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: To study the relationship between two non-invasive methods for determining ambulatory venous pressure (AVP) in primary chronic venous insufficiency of the lower limbs. Design: Comparison between ultrasonic AVP (US-AVP) and residual volume fraction (RVF) determined by means of air plethysmography (APG). Setting: Department of Surgery and Vascular Laboratory, University of Ferrara, Italy. Patients: Twenty-one subjects affected by primary chronic venous insufficiency (CVI). Main outcome measure: A comparison of the AVP values extrapolated from the change in ultrasonic diameter of the saphenous vein after exercise and from RVF values. Ultrasonographic extrapolation was also made by the means of the software Venometer and compared with manual assessment. Results: Linear regression analysis demonstrated that US-AVP values were significantly correlated with RVF values ( r = 0.86 and p<0.0001). Assessment by Venometer as compared with manual calculation showed a high degree of correlation ( r = 0.98), p<0.0001). Conclusions: The two methods for non-invasive assessment of AVP appear to be closely and significantly correlated. The Venometer allows reliable and rapid extrapolation of AVP values.

scholarly journals The effect of motorcycle proportion on traffic flow parameters at multi-lane urban road

2019 ◽  
Vol 276 ◽  
pp. 03016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Titi Kurniati ◽  
Rahmi Fajriati
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Traffic Volume ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Linear Regression Method ◽  
The North ◽  
Flow Parameters ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Relationship

The phenomenon of traffic flows in almost all major cities of Indonesia is large dominance in the use of motorcycles. The change in the proportion of motorcycle users on the streets reaches more than 50%. The author will discuss the effect of motorcycle volume proportion on traffic flow parameters such as speed and density. This research has been conducted at Ampang street with 4 lanes 2-way undivided type and Adinegoro street with 4 lanes 2-way divided type in Padang. By using Video Image Processor survey method, the data of traffic volume, and time travel of the vehicle for 12 hours were obtained. Further data is processed and the results are plotted into the graph by linear regression method. The results showed that the highest proportion of motorcycle volume of 75.9% occurred on Raya Ampang street and the lowest by 53.2% occurred on Adinegoro street (to the North). The result of linear regression analysis where proportion of motorcycle volume (p) as variable x and space-mean-speed (S) as variable y is S = -0.687(p) + 93.467, R2 = 0.8582 at Ampang street, S = -1.3273(p) + 143.75, R2 = 0.8153 at Adinegoro street (to the south), and y = -1.3861(p) + 131.94, R2 = 0.7882 at Adinegoro street (to the north). Then the relationship between space-mean-speed, density, and traffic volume analyzed.

12 INDUCTION OF OVARIAN ACTIVITY IN THE MANED WOLF (CHRYSOCYON BRACHYURUS) USING A GnRH-AGONIST

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 112 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Johnson ◽  
L. R. Padilla ◽  
K. Hope ◽  
D. E. Wildt ◽  
N. Songsasen
Keyword(s):  
Gnrh Agonist ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Genetic Management ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Maned Wolf ◽  
Progesterone Metabolites ◽  
Subcutaneous Layer ◽  
Chrysocyon Brachyurus

Induction of ovarian activity and ovulation is a valuable tool for the genetic management of ex situ populations of wildlife. Deslorelin, a gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)-agonist, has been used earlier to induce oestrus in the grey wolf (Canis lupus). The objective of the present study was to determine the efficacy of Deslorelin (2.1 mg, Ovuplant®, Peptech Animal Health, Australia) for manipulating ovarian activity of the maned wolf, a species speculated to be an induced ovulator. Eight female (4–12 years old) maned wolves were (i) paired with a male (n = 3) or (ii) housed alone (n = 5). Of the 8 females, 1 (1 in a pair and 1 singleton) were implanted with Deslorelin under the vulvar mucosa for 12 days. The remaining 6 received implants in the subcutaneous layer of the ear for 7 days. Fresh fecal samples were collected 5 to 7 days/week for 1 month before Deslorelin treatment through 6 weeks after implant withdrawal. Reproductive steroid metabolites were extracted from the fecal samples and quantified using a validated enzyme immunoassay. Baseline progestagen concentrations for each individual were calculated by an iterative process, whereby high values exceeding the mean plus one standard deviation were excluded. Comparisons of oestrogen and progestagen concentrations among pre-, peri-, and post-Deslorelin implant periods were performed using analysis of variance. Site and duration of the GnRH agonist treatment had no effect (P > 0.05) on subsequent ovarian responses. In paired females, oestrogen metabolites reached the highest (P < 0.05) concentration during Deslorelin (i.e. peri-) treatment (441.7 ± 20.2 ng g–1 of feces) compared to pre- (174.9 ± 16.7) and post- (177.8 ± 9.1) treatment. Progesterone metabolites rose (P < 0.05) above the baseline (indicative of ovulation) starting on Day 10 after the onset of Deslorelin implantation and remained elevated throughout the study (pre-, 11 645 ± 4798; peri-, 31 521 ± 6444; post-, 55 843 ± 2924 ng g–1 of feces). In singleton females, oestrogen metabolites increased (P < 0.05) immediately after implantation (from pre-, 184.2 ± 45.3 to peri-, 334.2 ± 29.8 ng g–1 of feces) and then declined (post-, 192.3 ± 12.4). Progestagen metabolites exhibited a similar pattern with a rise (P < 0.05) during Deslorelin treatment (from pre-, 3870 ± 1336 to peri-, 10 546 ± 880 ng g–1 of feces) followed by a decline after implant withdrawal (post-, 6171 ± 366), indicating that ovulation did not occur. These results suggest that Deslorelin can induce ovarian activity in the maned wolf. However, administration of an ovulatory agent after Deslorelin treatment may be required in females managed in the absence of a male, further supporting the assertion that this species is an induced ovulator. Funded by the Morris Animal Foundation.

Rola Avarského Kaganátu Pri Vzniku Slovenčiny

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-236
Author(s):  
Martin Braxatoris ◽  
Michal Ondrejčík
Keyword(s):  
Slavic Language ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
Danube Region ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
North Edge ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Slovak Language

Abstract The paper proposes a basis of theory with the aim of clarifying the casual nature of the relationship between the West Slavic and non-West Slavic Proto-Slavic base of the Slovak language. The paper links the absolute chronology of the Proto-Slavic language changes to historical and archaeological information about Slavs and Avars. The theory connects the ancient West Slavic core of the Proto-Slavic base of the Slovak language with Sclaveni, and non-West Slavic core with Antes, which are connected to the later population in the middle Danube region. It presumes emergence and further expansion of the Slavic koiné, originally based on the non-West Slavic dialects, with subsequent influence on language of the western Slavic tribes settled in the north edge of the Avar Khaganate. The paper also contains a periodization of particular language changes related to the situation in the Khaganate of that time.

Examining the Kinships System of the Bodo

Think India ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-192
Author(s):  
Dr. Oinam Ranjit Singh ◽  
Dr. Nushar Bargayary
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Social Relationship ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Kinship System ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship

The Bodo of the North Eastern region of India have their own kinship system to maintain social relationship since ancient periods. Kinship is the expression of social relationship. Kinship may be defined as connection or relationships between persons based on marriage or blood. In each and every society of the world, social relationship is considered to be the more important than the biological bond. The relationship is not socially recognized, it fall outside the realm of kinship. Since kinship is considered as universal, it plays a vital role in the socialization of individuals and the maintenance of social cohesion of the group. Thus, kinship is considered to be the study of the sum total of these relations. The kinship of the Bodo is bilateral. The kin related through the father is known as Bahagi in Bodo whereas the kin to the mother is called Kurma. The nature of social relationships, the kinship terms, kinship behaviours and prescriptive and proscriptive rules are the important themes of the present study.

A Religious State (A Study of Hasyim Asyari and Muhammad Iqbal's Thought on the Relation of Religion, State and Nationalism)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 226
Author(s):  
Arik Dwijayanto ◽  
Yusmicha Ulya Afif
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual History ◽  
British Empire ◽  
Political Identity ◽  
British Imperialism ◽  
Early Generation ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Religion And State ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Diverse Cultures

<p><em>This article explores the concept of a religious state proposed by two Muslim leaders: Hasyim Asyari (1871-1947), an Indonesian Muslim leader and Muhammad Iqbal (1873-1938), an Indian Muslim leader. Both of them represented the early generation when the emerging revolution for the independence of Indonesia (1945) from the Dutch colonialism and India-Pakistan (1947) from the British Imperialism. In doing so, they argued that the religious state is compatible with the plural nation that has diverse cultures, faiths, and ethnicities. They also argued that Islam as religion should involve the establishment of a nation-state. But under certain circumstances, they changed their thinking. Hasyim changed his thought that Islam in Indonesia should not be dominated by a single religion and state ideology. Hasyim regarded religiosity in Indonesia as vital in nation-building within a multi-religious society. While Iqbal changed from Indian loyalist to Islamist loyalist after he studied and lived in the West. The desire of Iqbal to establish the own state for the Indian Muslims separated from Hindus was first promulgated in 1930 when he was a President of the Muslim League. Iqbal expressed the hope of seeing Punjab, the North West province, Sind and Balukhistan being one in a single state, having self-government outside the British empire. In particular, the two Muslim leaders used religious legitimacy to establish political identity. By using historical approach (intellectual history), the relationship between religion, state, and nationalism based on the thinking of the two Muslim leaders can be concluded that Hasyim Asyari more prioritizes Islam as the ethical value to build state ideology and nationalism otherwise Muhammad Iqbal tends to make Islam as the main principle in establishment of state ideology and nationalism.</em></p><em>Keywords: Hasyim Asyari, Muhammad Iqbal, religion, state, nationalism.</em>

Die Konstruktion von Natur – Central Park neu besichtigt | The Construction of Nature – Central Park Revisited

2005 ◽  
Vol 156 (8) ◽  
pp. 288-296
Author(s):  
Vittorio Magnago Lampugnani
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Hudson River ◽  
The United States ◽  
Central Park ◽  
Housing Developments ◽  
Hudson River School ◽  
The North ◽  
Man And Nature ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship

In the first half of the 19th century scientific philosophers in the United States, such as Emerson and Thoreau, began to pursue the relationship between man and nature. Painters from the Hudson River School discovered the rural spaces to the north of New York and began to celebrate the American landscape in their paintings. In many places at this time garden societies were founded, which generated widespread support for the creation of park enclosures While the first such were cemeteries with the character of parks, housing developments on the peripheries of towns were later set in generous park landscapes. However, the centres of the growing American cities also need green spaces and the so-called «park movement»reached a first high point with New York's Central Park. It was not only an experimental field for modern urban elements, but even today is a force of social cohesion.

ЗУБРЫ НА СЕВЕРЕ РОССИИ — НАСТОЯЩЕЕ И БУДУЩЕЕ

2019 ◽  
pp. 42-44
Author(s):  
I.V. GUSAROV ◽  
V.A. OSTAPENKO ◽  
T.V. NOVIKOVА
Keyword(s):  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
European Bison ◽  
Rare And Endangered Species ◽  
The North ◽  
Rare And Endangered ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

Впервые в мире создана популяция зубров на территории 60 градусов северной широты. В новых климатических условиях разведения и сохранения зубров определены и проанализированы факторы существования вида на севере Европейской части РФ. Выявлены признаки, динамика численности, которые являются составной частью системы, предназначенной для управления биоразнообразием. Интродукция, являясь процессом введения в экосистему нехарактерных для нее видов, может усиливать изменения биоценозов как положительно, так и отрицательно. Насколько быстро и успешно проходит процесс адаптации заселенного вида, и усматривается его влияние на окружающую среду зависит дальнейшее существование зубров и в целом биоразнообразия. В статье обсуждаются вопросы взаимоотношения зубров с другими видами копытных и хозяйственной деятельностью человека, а также дальнейшим использованием зубров в сельскохозяйственном производстве. Пластичность зубров, выявление изменений и их анализ при вселении видов в новые условия обитания необходимы не только для определения развития или деградации биоценозов и в целом экосистемы, но и прогноза социально-экономических последствий интродукции как одного из методов сохранения редких и исчезающих видов фауны.For the first time in the world, a bison population has been created in an area of 60 degrees north latitude. In the new climatic conditions of breeding and preservation of bison, the factors of the species existence in the north of the European part of the Russian Federation are identified and analyzed. The signs, dynamics of abundance, which are an integral part of the system designed to manage biodiversity are identified, since the preservation of biological diversity on the planet is one of the main problems of our time. Introduction, being the process of introducing non-typical species into an ecosystem, can enhance changes in biocenoses, both positively and negatively. The question posing sounds especially when it comes to such a large hoofed animal as the European bison. How quickly and successfully the process of adaptation of the universe takes place and its environmental impact is seen depends on the continued existence of bison and biodiversity in general. The article discusses the relationship of bison with other types of ungulates and human activities, as well as the further use of bison in agricultural production. How these issues will be resolved positively depends on the future of these animals. Thus, the plasticity of bison, the identification of changes and their analysis, with the introduction of species into new habitat conditions is necessary not only to determine the development or degradation of biocenoses and the ecosystem as a whole, but also to predict the socio-economic consequences due to the introduction as one of the methods of preserving rare and endangered species of fauna.

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