311 RISK ASSESSMENT OF α-LACTALBUMIN TRANSGENIC PIGS

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Wheeler ◽  
W. L. Hurley ◽  
S. J. Lane ◽  
G. E. Bressner ◽  
T. VanEtten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Transgenic Animals ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Transgenic Pigs ◽  
Transgenic Livestock ◽  
Transgenic Swine

Assessment of the general risk posed by transgenic animals is important to their future contributions to society. Identification of potentially harmful properties of transgenic livestock is the initial step in a risk assessment. Direct and indirect impacts of potential harmful properties of transgenic livestock need to be evaluated at 3 levels: (1) characterization of how the transgene, the transgene product, and the transgenic livestock behave in their immediate environment; that is, in their barn or pen; (2) determination of possible impacts of large-scale release of transgenic livestock; that is, if they were to be integrated into the larger population of food animal livestock; and (3) determination of the more complex environmental and safety consequences of their release into the livestock population. We previously developed and characterized transgenic swine containing a mammary-specific transgene (bovine α-lactalbumin, bALAC) that results in increased milk production in sows (Bleck et al. 1998). We are currently determining whether bALAC is expressed in tissues of transgenic (T) swine other than the lactating mammary gland, and whether the transgene (DNA; Tg) crosses into non-transgenic control (C) swine under various physiological and physical conditions. The specific aims addressed in the present study were to determine (1) whether the Tg can be transferred directly from T animals to C animals by physical association or contact, and (2) whether the Tg can be transferred directly from an adult T animal to an adult C animal via mating. The T animals utilized in these studies were in generation 10 at least and have stable incorporation of the Tg. Comparable age- and weight-matched animals, T and C, were housed together allowing for general contact that is normal within swine production, for 180, 220, or 250 days after weaning. Due to the nature of swine behavior, these animals may ingest saliva, regurgitated food, and stool and urinary products as well as other bodily fluids and cells during normal housing and establishment of dominance hierarchy. In a second study, vaginal, cervical, uterine, oviductal, and ovarian tissues were collected from C females on 2 or 7 days after mating to T males. The presence of Tg in tissues from all C animals was tested via PCR. We have analyzed for the presence of the Tg in various tissues, including mammary gland, salivary gland, skin (sebaceous gland), muscle, lung, liver, kidney, brain, ovary, oviduct, uterus, cervix, vagina, and intestine. Preliminary results indicate no presence of the Tg in tissues of C animals (n = 20) after cohabitation for 180, 220, or 250 days (n = 201 samples analyzed) or at 2 (n = 3) or 7 (n = 5) days post-mating (n = 38 and 59 samples analyzed, respectively). This work provides a critical first step toward providing rigorous scientific data for risk assessment of transgenic livestock. The USDA BRAG Program, Project No. 2005–03799, supported this work.

311 RISK ANALYSIS OF ALPHA-LACTALBUMIN TRANSGENE TRANSFER TO NON-TRANSGENIC CONTROL ANIMALS DURING REARING AND BREEDING

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 252
Author(s):  
M. B. Wheeler ◽  
W. L. Hurley ◽  
S. Lane ◽  
J. Mosley ◽  
G. E. Bressner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Bodily Fluids ◽  
Transgenic Livestock ◽  
Lactating Mammary Gland ◽  
Transgenic Swine

Assessment of general risk posed from transgenic (T) animals is important to their future contributions to society. Identification of potentially harmful properties of transgenic livestock is the initial step in a risk assessment. Direct and indirect impacts of potential harmful properties of T livestock need to be evaluated at 3 levels, namely (1) characterization of how the transgene, its product, and the T livestock behave in their immediate environment, that is, in their barn or pen; (2) determination of possible impacts of large-scale release of T livestock, that is, if they were to be integrated into the larger population of food animal livestock; and (3) determination of the more complex environmental and safety consequences of their release into livestock populations. We previously developed and characterized transgenic swine containing a mammary-specific transgene (bovine α-lactalbumin, bALAC) that results in increased milk production in sows. We currently are determining whether bALAC is expressed in tissues of T swine other than the lactating mammary gland and whether the transgene DNA (Tg) crosses into non-transgenic control (C) swine under various physiological and physical conditions. The specific aims addressed in the present study were to determine: (1) whether the Tg can be transferred directly from T animals to C animals by physical association or contact and (2) whether the Tg can be transferred directly from an adult T animal to an adult C animal via mating. The T animals utilized in these studies are in at least generation 10 and have stable incorporation of the Tg. Comparable age- and weight-matched animals, T and C, were housed together allowing for general contact that is normal within swine production, for either 180, 220, or 250 d of age after weaning. Swine due to their behavior ingest saliva, regurgitated food, and stool or urinary products, as well as other bodily fluids and cells during normal housing. In a second study, vaginal, cervical, uterine, oviductal, and ovarian tissues from C females on 2, 7, or 90 d after mating to T males and penis, bulbourethral gland, urethra, testis, and epididymis tissues from C males on 2 or 7 days after mating to Tg females were collected. The presence of Tg in tissues from all C animals was tested via PCR. We have analyzed for the presence of the Tg in various tissues [including mammary gland, salivary gland, skin (sebaceous gland), muscle, lung, liver, kidney, brain, ovary, oviduct, uterus, cervix, vagina, penis, bulbourethral gland, urethra, testis, epididymis, and intestine]. Results indicate no presence of the Tg in tissues of C animals (n = 28) after co-habitation for 180, 220, or 250 d (n = 305 samples analyzed) or at 2 (n = 5), 7(n = 14), or 90 (n = 2) d post-mating (n = 60, 174, or 24 samples analyzed, respectively). The present results suggest that there is no horizontal Tg transmission between T and C pigs due to rearing or mating. This work provides a critical step toward providing rigorous scientific data for risk assessment of transgenic livestock. This project supported by the USDA BRAG Project #2005-03799.

436 RISK ANALYSIS OF α-LACTALBUMIN TRANSGENE TRANSFER TO NONTRANSGENIC CONTROL ANIMALS DURING REARING, BREEDING, PARTURITION AND LACTATION

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 375 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Wheeler ◽  
W. L. Hurley ◽  
J. Mosley ◽  
G. E. Bressner ◽  
E. Monaco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Swine Production ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Bodily Fluids ◽  
Transgenic Livestock ◽  
Lactating Mammary Gland ◽  
Placental Membranes ◽  
Transgenic Swine

Assessment of general risk posed from transgenic (T) animals is important to their future contributions to society. Identification of potentially harmful properties of transgenic livestock is the initial step in a risk assessment. We previously developed and characterized transgenic swine containing a mammary-specific transgene (bovine a-lactalbumin, bALAC) that results in increased milk production in sows. We are currently determining whether bALAC is expressed in tissues of T swine other than the lactating mammary gland and whether the transgene DNA (Tg) crosses into nontransgenic control (C) swine under various physiological and physical conditions. The specific aims addressed in the present study were to determine (1) whether the Tg can be transferred directly by physical association or contact; (2) whether the Tg can be transferred directly via mating; (3) whether the Tg can be transferred directly during gestation and parturition; and (4) whether the Tg can be transferred directly during lactation. The T animals utilized in these studies are in at least generation 10 and have stable incorporation of the Tg. Comparable age- and weight-matched animals, T and C, were housed together allowing general contact that is normal in swine production, for either 180, 220, or 250 days of age after weaning. Swine typically ingest saliva, regurgitated food, and stool or urinary products, as well as other bodily fluids and cells during normal housing. In the second study, vaginal, cervical, uterine, oviductal, and ovarian tissues from C females on 2, 7, or 90 days after mating to T males, and penis, bulbourethral gland, urethra, testis, and epididymis tissues from C males on 2 or 7 days after mating to Tg females were collected. The presence of Tg in tissues from all C animals was tested by using PCR. We have analyzed for the presence of the Tg in various tissues [including mammary gland, salivary gland, skin (sebaceous gland), muscle, lung, liver, kidney, brain, ovary, oviduct, uterus, cervix, vagina, penis, bulbourethral gland, urethra, testis, epididymis, blood, inner and outer placental membranes and intestine]. Results indicate no presence of the Tg in tissues of C animals (n = 28) after co-habitation for 180, 220, or 250 days (n = 305 samples analyzed) or at 2 (n = 7), 7 (n = 16), or 90 (n = 6) days post-mating (n = 72, 192, or 71 samples analyzed, respectively). At Day 112 of gestation, all the samples (n = 78 samples analyzed) from nontransgenic piglets (n = 13) whose dam was aTg female were negative except for the outer placental membrane (n = 13), which screened positive for the transgene. This is not surprising because the outer placental membrane is in close contact with the uterus of the Tg dam. Finally, control piglets (n = 4) that were cross-fostered (3 days after birth) and suckled Tg dams showed no evidence of the transgene in their tissues (n = 20 samples analyzed) at weaning. The present results suggest that there is no horizontal Tg transmission between T and C pigs caused by rearing, mating, gestation, or lactation. This project was supported by USDA BRAG Project #2005-03799.

scholarly journals Determination of the Absolute Number of Transgene Copies in CMVFUT Transgenic Pigs

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Lipiński ◽  
Joanna Zeyland ◽  
Andrzej Pławski ◽  
Ryszard Słomski
Keyword(s):  
Copy Number ◽  
Transgenic Animals ◽  
Promoter Sequence ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Transgenic Pigs ◽  
Cmv Promoter ◽  
Genetic Construct ◽  
Coding Sequence ◽  
The Absolute

Determination of the Absolute Number of Transgene Copies in CMVFUT Transgenic PigsThe aim of this research was to determine the number of transgene copies in the DNA of transgenic pigs. The copy number of the transgene was analysed in the transgenic animals with introduced pCMVFUT genetic construct containing a coding sequence of human H transferase under a control of CMV promoter. The copy number of the transgene that had integrated with the genome of the transgenic animals was analysed by qPCR with SYBR Green dye, which enabled nonspecific double-stranded DNA detection. CMVFT-2F and CMVFT-2R primers were used to amplify a 149 bp fragment of DNA. Forward primer had a sequence complementary to a promoter sequence and reverse primer to a coding sequence of H transferase. The copy number of the transgene in the examined samples was established by plotting the CT values obtained on a standard curve, which had been set by the usage of the CT values for the successive standard dilutions with known copy number (1.438-1.431 copies). As a standard we used pCMVFut genetic construct hydrolyzed with Not I restriction enzyme to a linear form. The real-time PCR results helped to establish the range of 3 - 4 as the number of the transgene copies that had integrated to the swine genome.

Toward Risk Assessment of Explosion Hazard: Experimental Determination of Flame Fractal Dimension

2011 ◽  
Vol 320 ◽  
pp. 151-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Takeda ◽  
Woo Kyung Kim ◽  
Yukari Wada ◽  
Kazunori Kuwana ◽  
Toshio Mogi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Previous Method ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Explosion Hazard ◽  
Scale Experiment ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Explosion Experiment

Quantitative risk analysis is a method to evaluate risk and to identify areas for risk reduction. The final goal of our study is to propose an effective method for risk assessment of explosion hazard. To achieve the goal, a phenomenon that influences the consequences of explosion is first identified: self-turbulization and resulting acceleration of expanding flame during explosion. The fractal dimension is then identified as the key parameter that characterizes the phenomenon. Since the previous method to determine fractal dimension relies on large-scale explosion experiment, it has not been easy to determine fractal dimension. This paper demonstrates the possibility of determining fractal dimension by analyzing flame images of small-scale experiment, which might significantly reduce the cost of risk assessment of explosion hazard.

Large-scale Motion of Solar Filaments

2000 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 205-208
Author(s):  
Pavel Ambrož ◽  
Alfred Schroll
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Flux ◽  
Proper Motion ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Accuracy Of Measurements ◽  
Solar Filaments ◽  
General Movement ◽  
Scale Motion ◽  
Velocity Scatter

AbstractPrecise measurements of heliographic position of solar filaments were used for determination of the proper motion of solar filaments on the time-scale of days. The filaments have a tendency to make a shaking or waving of the external structure and to make a general movement of whole filament body, coinciding with the transport of the magnetic flux in the photosphere. The velocity scatter of individual measured points is about one order higher than the accuracy of measurements.

Methods of risk assessment in forecasting the consequences of accidents at pipeline transport facilities

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 663-673
Author(s):  
Vladislav N. Slepnev ◽  
◽  
Alexander F. Maksimenko ◽  
Elena V. Glebova ◽  
Alla Т. Volokhina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Assessment Procedure ◽  
Expert Evaluation ◽  
Main Pipeline ◽  
Pipeline Transport ◽  
Forecasting Accuracy ◽  
Distribution Of Resources ◽  
Expert Evaluation Method

The choice of risk assessment procedure is one of the essential stages of efficient structuring of processes on prevention, localization and elimination of the consequences of accidents at main pipeline transport facilities. The authors analyzed themed publications and regulatory documents, governing procedures of risk assessment and forecasting of the consequences of possible accidents, and defined main problems in this area. Procedure for the risk assessment of accidents at main pipeline facilities was developed, the basis of which is the expert evaluation method. The procedure includes the determination of the main criteria for the assessment the probability of accident initiation and development and the evaluation of the severity of its consequences, an expert evaluation of criteria significance, their classification, and creation of a rating for hazardous pipeline sections. The application of the procedure application allows to specify the list of facilities that require high priority forecasting of accidents consequences, thus to optimize the distribution of resources and the overall increase of efficiency in planning while defining forces and special technical devices, necessary for containment and rectification of emergencies. Expert evaluation method application allows considering the specifics of certain enterprises, their technical and technological peculiarities, thereby increasing forecasting accuracy.

Methods for the Quantification of Salivary Cortisol and of a-amylase in Biosensors and Portable Devices

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 2857-2859
Author(s):  
Cristina Mihaela Ghiciuc ◽  
Andreea Silvana Szalontay ◽  
Luminita Radulescu ◽  
Sebastian Cozma ◽  
Catalina Elena Lupusoru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Portable Devices ◽  
Salivary Amylase ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity

There is an increasing interest in the analysis of salivary biomarkers for medical practice. The objective of this article was to identify the specificity and sensitivity of quantification methods used in biosensors or portable devices for the determination of salivary cortisol and salivary a-amylase. There are no biosensors and portable devices for salivary amylase and cortisol that are used on a large scale in clinical studies. These devices would be useful in assessing more real-time psychological research in the future.

Identification of N-Substituted Triazolo-azetidines as Novel Antibacterials using pDualrep2 HTS Platform

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 346-354
Author(s):  
Yan A. Ivanenkov ◽  
Renat S. Yamidanov ◽  
Ilya A. Osterman ◽  
Petr V. Sergiev ◽  
Vladimir A. Aladinskiy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Luciferase Assay ◽  
Reporter System ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Mic Value

Aim and Objective: Antibiotic resistance is a serious constraint to the development of new effective antibacterials. Therefore, the discovery of the new antibacterials remains one of the main challenges in modern medicinal chemistry. This study was undertaken to identify novel molecules with antibacterial activity. Materials and Methods: Using our unique double-reporter system, in-house large-scale HTS campaign was conducted for the identification of antibacterial potency of small-molecule compounds. The construction allows us to visually assess the underlying mechanism of action. After the initial HTS and rescreen procedure, luciferase assay, C14-test, determination of MIC value and PrestoBlue test were carried out. Results: HTS rounds and rescreen campaign have revealed the antibacterial activity of a series of Nsubstituted triazolo-azetidines and their isosteric derivatives that has not been reported previously. Primary hit-molecule demonstrated a MIC value of 12.5 µg/mL against E. coli Δ tolC with signs of translation blockage and no SOS-response. Translation inhibition (26%, luciferase assay) was achieved at high concentrations up to 160 µg/mL, while no activity was found using C14-test. The compound did not demonstrate cytotoxicity in the PrestoBlue assay against a panel of eukaryotic cells. Within a series of direct structural analogues bearing the same or bioisosteric scaffold, compound 2 was found to have an improved antibacterial potency (MIC=6.25 µg/mL) close to Erythromycin (MIC=2.5-5 µg/mL) against the same strain. In contrast to the parent hit, this compound was more active and selective, and provided a robust IP position. Conclusion: N-substituted triazolo-azetidine scaffold may be used as a versatile starting point for the development of novel active and selective antibacterial compounds.

scholarly journals Risk Assessment and Decision-Making Based on Mean-CVaR-Entropy for Flood Control Operation of Large Scale Reservoirs

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quansen Wang ◽  
Jianzhong Zhou ◽  
Kangdi Huang ◽  
Ling Dai ◽  
Gang Zha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Yangtze River Basin ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Operation System ◽  
Control Operation ◽  
Flood Control Operation ◽  
Reservoir Flood Control Operation

The risk inevitably exists in the process of flood control operation and decision-making of reservoir group, due to the hydrologic and hydraulic uncertain factors. In this study different stochastic simulation methods were applied to simulate these uncertainties in multi-reservoir flood control operation, and the risk caused by different uncertainties was evaluated from the mean value, extreme value and discrete degree of reservoir occupied storage capacity under uncertain conditions. In order to solve the conflict between risk assessment indexes and evaluate the comprehensive risk of different reservoirs in flood control operation schemes, the subjective weight and objective weight were used to construct the comprehensive risk assessment index, and the improved Mahalanobis distance TOPSIS method was used to select the optimal flood control operation scheme. The proposed method was applied to the flood control operation system in the mainstream and its tributaries of upper reaches of the Yangtze River basin, and 14 cascade reservoirs were selected as a case study. The results indicate that proposed method can evaluate the risk of multi-reservoir flood control operation from all perspectives and provide a new method for multi-criteria decision-making of reservoir flood control operation, and it breaks the limitation of the traditional risk analysis method which only evaluated by risk rate and cannot evaluate the risk of the multi-reservoir flood control operation system.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document