249 EXPRESSION OF GROWTH-RELATED IMPRINTED GENES IN DECEASED NEWBORN AND SURVIVING CLONED PIGLETS

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 232
Author(s):  
L. Jiang ◽  
P. Jobst ◽  
D. Ayares ◽  
R. S. Prather ◽  
X. Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Nuclear Transfer ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Body ◽  
Imprinted Genes ◽  
Internal Reference ◽  
Relative Expression Level ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Growth Inhibiting

Different from cloned mice and cattle, which are often born with large offspring syndrome (LOS), pigs produced through nuclear transfer have not been found to be overly large compared to their age-matched controls. In our study, significant differences (P < 0.05) were found in the body weight of both deceased newborn cloned piglets (n = 9) (1.2 � 0.8 vs. 2.1 � 0.2 kg) and cloned pigs at one month of age (n = 7) (6.1 � 1.3 vs. 8.0 � 0.8 kg), when compared to their controls (n = 5 for each age group). Because imprinted genes are important regulators of fetal growth and are subject to reprogramming during nuclear transfer, we aimed to determine the expression levels of both growth-enhancing and growth-inhibiting imprinted genes in these cloned pigs by real time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). These genes include: Igf2 and Peg3 (growth-promoting), and Igf2r and Grb10 (growth-inhibiting). Tissues from six major organs were collected from clones and controls of both age groups. SYBR Green I was utilized as a reporter for the PCR reactions and 18S ribosomal RNA was used as the internal reference for quantifying the relative expression level of all genes. With the exception of Igf2, the other three imprinted genes were found to have statistically different levels of expression in certain organs of both groups of pigs when compared to their age-matched controls. However, no strong correlation was found between the levels of gene expression and the low-body-weight phenotype of the cloned pigs. Contrary to the notion that nuclear transfer can reduce the variation in the resulting animals due to their identical genetic make-up, larger variances of gene expression were found in clones of both groups, indicating the randomness of the nuclear reprogramming process. For all four imprinted genes studied, the coefficient of variation (CV) decreased greatly from newborn to one month old in both clones and controls, suggesting a more stringent regulation on imprinted gene expression after birth.

scholarly journals The Accuracy of Broselow Tape Weight Estimate among Pediatric Population

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Turki M. AlHarbi ◽  
Abdullaziz AlGarni ◽  
Fasial AlGamdi ◽  
Mona Jawish ◽  
Tariq Ahmad Wani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Actual Weight ◽  
Medical City

Objective.To determine the accuracy of the Broselow Tape (BT) versions 2007 and 2011 in estimating weight among pediatric population.Methods.A cross-sectional study was conducted at King Fahad Medical City and six schools across Riyadh province on 1–143-month-old children. BT 2007 and 2011 estimated weights were recorded. Both tapes via the child’s height produce an estimated weight, which was compared with the actual weight.Results.A total of 3537 children were recruited. The height (cm) of the subjects was97.7±24.1and the actual weight (kg) was16.07±8.9, whereas the estimated weight determined by BT 2007 was15.87±7.56and by BT 2011 was16.38±7.95. Across all the five age groups, correlation between actual weight and BT 2007 ranged between 0.702 and 0.788, while correlation between actual weight and BT 2011 ranged between 0.698 and 0.788. Correlation between BT 2007 and BT 2011 across all the five age groups ranged from 0.979 to 0.989. Accuracy of both the tape versions was adversely affected when age was >95 months and body weight was >26 kilograms.Conclusions.Our study showed that BT 2007 and 2011 provided accurate estimation of the body weight based on measured body height. However, 2011 version provided more precise estimate for weight.

scholarly journals Low body weight/thinness, overweight and obesity of children and adolescents from a Brazilian region of low economic status

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dartagnan Pinto Guedes ◽  
Francisléia Nascimento Almeida ◽  
Jaime Tolentino M. Neto ◽  
Maria de Fátima de M. Maia ◽  
Thatiana Maia Tolentino
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Weight Excess

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of low body weight/thinness, overweight and obesity in a representative sample of children and adolescents from a Brazilian region with low economic development. METHODS: A total of 982 girls and 986 boys, aged seven to 17 years old and assisted by Segundo Tempo Program, from Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil, were included in the study. Low body weight/thinness, overweight and obesity were defined based on body mass cut-off indexes recommended by the International Obesity Task Force. The prevalence of the nutritional status according to sex and age was compared by chi-square test. RESULTS: In girls, the frequency of low body weight/thinness, overweight and obesity was 4.1, 18.4 and 3.8%, respectively; in boys, these percentages were 6.3, 13.2 and 2.9%, respectively. The low body weight/thinness for girls raised from 2.7% (7-10 years old) to 5.5% (15-17 years old); the body weight excess (overweight and obesity) decreased from 30.1 to 16.2% for the same age groups. In boys, the corresponding trends were from 3.2 to 9.4% for low body weight/thinness, and from 23.4 to 9.2%, for body weight excess. CONCLUSIONS: The data indicate that, even in a region with low economic status, the body weight excess was the main problem associated with nutritional health. The high overweight and obesity prevalence rates indicate the need of public policies for promoting healthy feeding behaviors and physical activity.

scholarly journals Maternal low-protein diet programmes offspring growth in association with alterations in yolk leptin deposition and gene expression in yolk-sac membrane, hypothalamus and muscle of developing Langshan chicken embryos

2009 ◽  
Vol 102 (6) ◽  
pp. 848-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaiqing Rao ◽  
Jingjing Xie ◽  
Xiaojing Yang ◽  
Lei Chen ◽  
Roland Grossmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Leptin Receptor ◽  
Pectoralis Major Muscle ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Pectoralis Major ◽  
The Body ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Offspring Growth

The present study was aimed to investigate the mechanism underlying the influence of maternal low-protein (LP) diet on offspring growth in the chicken. One hundred and twenty Chinese inbred Langshan breeder hens were allocated randomly into two groups fed diets containing low (10 %, LP) or normal (15 %) crude protein levels. Low dietary protein did not affect the body weight of hens, but significantly decreased the laying rate and egg weight. The yolk leptin content was significantly lower in eggs laid by LP hens, while no differences were detected for yolk contents of corticosterone, tri-iodothyronine (T3) or thyroxine. Despite significantly lower hatch weight, the LP offspring demonstrated obviously higher serum T3 concentration, which is in accordance with the faster post-hatch growth rate achieving significantly heavier body weight and pectoralis major muscle weight 4 weeks post-hatching. Expression of 20-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20-HSD) mRNA in the yolk-sac membrane was significantly down-regulated at embryonic day 14, whereas that of transthyretin and leptin receptor (LepR) was not altered. Moreover, hypothalamic expression of 20-HSD, glucocorticoid receptors, thyrotropin-releasing hormone and LepR mRNA was significantly up-regulated in the LP group compared with their control counterparts. In the pectoralis major muscle, significantly higher expression of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF-I receptor mRNA was observed in LP embryos. The present study provides evidence that maternal LP diet programmes post-hatch growth of the offspring. The associated alterations in yolk leptin deposition as well as in yolk-sac membrane, fetal hypothalamus and muscle gene expression may be involved in mediating such programming effect in the chicken.

scholarly journals Standard reference values of weight and maximum pressure distribution in healthy adults aged 18–65 years in Germany

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Ohlendorf ◽  
K. Kerth ◽  
W. Osiander ◽  
F. Holzgreve ◽  
L. Fraeulin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Weight Distribution ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
The Body ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Left And Right

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to collect standard reference values of the weight and the maximum pressure distribution in healthy adults aged 18–65 years and to investigate the influence of constitutional parameters on it. Methods A total of 416 healthy subjects (208 male / 208 female) aged between 18 and 65 years (Ø 38.3 ± 14.1 years) participated in this study, conducted 2015–2019 in Heidelberg. The age-specific evaluation is based on 4 age groups (G1, 18–30 years; G2, 31–40 years; G3, 41–50 years; G4, 51–65 years). A pressure measuring plate FDM-S (Zebris/Isny/Germany) was used to collect body weight distribution and maximum pressure distribution of the right and left foot and left and right forefoot/rearfoot, respectively. Results Body weight distribution of the left (50.07%) and right (50.12%) foot was balanced. There was higher load on the rearfoot (left 54.14%; right 55.09%) than on the forefoot (left 45.49%; right 44.26%). The pressure in the rearfoot was higher than in the forefoot (rearfoot left 9.60 N/cm2, rearfoot right 9.51 N/cm2/forefoot left 8.23 N/cm2, forefoot right 8.59 N/cm2). With increasing age, the load in the left foot shifted from the rearfoot to the forefoot as well as the maximum pressure (p ≤ 0.02 and 0.03; poor effect size). With increasing BMI, the body weight shifted to the left and right rearfoot (p ≤ 0.001, poor effect size). As BMI increased, so did the maximum pressure in all areas (p ≤ 0.001 and 0.03, weak to moderate effect size). There were significant differences in weight and maximum pressure distribution in the forefoot and rearfoot in the different age groups, especially between younger (18–40 years) and older (41–65 years) subjects. Discussion Healthy individuals aged from 18 to 65 years were found to have a balanced weight distribution in an aspect ratio, with a 20% greater load of the rearfoot. Age and BMI were found to be influencing factors of the weight and maximum pressure distribution, especially between younger and elder subjects. The collected standard reference values allow comparisons with other studies and can serve as a guideline in clinical practice and scientific studies.

scholarly journals Early Weaning Affects Liver Antioxidant Function in Piglets

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2679
Author(s):  
Lihuai Yu ◽  
Hongmin Li ◽  
Zhong Peng ◽  
Yuzhu Ge ◽  
Jun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Early Weaning ◽  
Large White ◽  
Enzymes Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Function ◽  
The Impact

This study examined the impact of early weaning on antioxidant function in piglets. A total of 40 Duroc × Landrace × Large White, 21-day-old piglets (half male and half female) were divided into suckling groups (SG) and weaning groups (WG). Piglets in WG were weaned at the 21st day, while the piglets in SG continued to get breastfed. Eight piglets from each group were randomly selected and slaughtered at 24th-day (SG3, WG3) and 28th-day old (SG7, WG7). The body weight, liver index, hepatocyte morphology, antioxidant enzymes activity, gene expression of antioxidant enzymes, and Nrf2 signaling in the liver of piglets were measured. The results showed that weaning caused decreased body weight (p < 0.01), lower liver weight (p < 0.01), and decreased the liver organ index (p < 0.05) of piglets. The area and size of hepatocytes in the WG group was smaller than that in the SG group (p < 0.05). We also observed that weaning reduced the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) (p < 0.05) in the liver of piglets. Relative to the SG3 group, the gene expression of GSH-Px in liver of WG3 was significantly reduced (p < 0.05). The gene expression of Nrf2 in the SG3 group was higher than that in the WG3 group (p < 0.01). The gene expression of NQO1 in the SG7 group was higher than that in the WG7 group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, weaning resulted in lower weight, slowed liver development, and reduced antioxidant enzymes activity, thereby impairing liver antioxidant function and suppressing piglet growth.

scholarly journals The Body Weight-related Differences of Leptin and Neuropeptide Y (NPY) Gene Expression in Pigs

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tizhong Shan ◽  
Yizhen Wang ◽  
Jia Guo ◽  
Xiaona Chu ◽  
Jianxin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
The Body

68 GENE EXPRESSION COMPARISONS BETWEEN BOVINE IN VIVO AND CLONED EMBRYOS PRODUCED BY THREE DIFFERENT METHODS

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
N. Ruddock ◽  
K. Wilson ◽  
M. Cooney ◽  
R. Tecirlioglu ◽  
V. Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Chromatin Remodeling ◽  
Nuclear Transfer ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Gene Expression Patterns ◽  
Imprinted Genes ◽  
Mammalian Embryo

Developmental pathways in the mammalian embryo are profoundly influenced by the epigenetic interaction of the environment and the genome. Loss of epigenetic control has been implicated in aberrant gene expression and altered imprinting patterns with consequence to the physiology and viability of the conceptus. Bovine somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is contingent on in vitro culture, and both SCNT and culture conditions are known to induce changes in embryonic gene expression patterns. Using these experimental models, this study compared gene expression of Day 7 cloned blastocysts created from three different SCNT protocols using the same cell line, with Day 7 in vivo blastocysts to elucidate mechanisms responsible for variations in phenotypic outcomes. SCNT methods included: (1) traditional SCNT by subzonal injection (SI); (2) handmade cloning (HMC); and (3) modified serial nuclear transfer (SNT), developed within the group. Four imprinted genes (Grb10, Ndn, Nnat, and Ube3a), four chromatin remodeling genes (Cbx1, Cbx3, Smarca4, and Smarcb1) and two genes implicated in polycystic liver disease (Prkcsh and Sec63) were analyzed in single blastocysts from each treatment (n = 5). All blastocysts expressed Actin, Oct-4 and Ifn-tau. All genes were sequence verified. Several genes were expressed ubiquitously across all groups, including Ndn, Ube3a, Cbx1, Cbx3, and Smarcb1. Interestingly, Grb10 was not expressed in two HMCs and one SNT blastocyst. Nnat was weakly expressed in one in vivo blastocyst and in the majority of cloned blastocysts in all groups. Prkcsh and Sec63 were expressed in all but one HMC blastocyst. While gene expression patterns were mostly maintained following SCNT, the imprinted genes Nnat and Grb10 showed instances of differential or abnormal expression in SCNT embryos. The chromatin remodeling genes were maintained in all SCNT treatments. Prkcsh and Sec63 were both absent in one HMC blastocyst, with implications for liver dysfunction, a condition previously reported in abnormal cloned offspring. The variable mRNA expression following SCNT provides an insight into genetic and environmental factors controlling implantation, placentation, organ formation, and fetal growth.

Prediction of body weights of Nellore sheep under field condition

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rani ◽  
B. Ekambaram ◽  
B. Punya Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Body ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Chest Girth ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Nellore Sheep

Data on 1350 Nellore sheep of 2, 4, 6 and 8-teeth age, reared under field conditions in 12 mandals of Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh were utilized for development of prediction equations and study the phenotypic association among body measurements and body weights. The coefficients of correlation between body weight with the height at withers, chest girth, paunch girth, hip width and body length were positive and high in magnitude in both males and females in majority of the age groups studied. Step-down regression equations were fitted to predict the body weight based on biometrical measurements at different ages. The height at withers, chest girth, paunch girth, hip width and body length have contributed significantly to the expression of body weights at the majority of the ages studied. High coefficient of determination (R2) value was observed in males at 6 and 8-teeth age as 88 per cent, while in females 50 per cent at 2-teeth age.

scholarly journals Liraglutide, a GLP-1 Receptor Agonist, Which Decreases Hypothalamic 5-HT2A Receptor Expression, Reduces Appetite and Body Weight Independently of Serotonin Synthesis in Mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsunori Nonogaki ◽  
Takao Kaji
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Receptor Agonist ◽  
Tryptophan Hydroxylase ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Receptor Expression

A recent report suggested that brain-derived serotonin (5-HT) is critical for maintaining weight loss induced by glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor activation in rats and that 5-HT2A receptors mediate the feeding suppression and weight loss induced by GLP-1 receptor activation. Here, we show that changes in daily food intake and body weight induced by intraperitoneal administration of liraglutide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist, over 4 days did not differ between mice treated with the tryptophan hydroxylase (Tph) inhibitor p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) for 3 days and mice without PCPA treatment. Treatment with PCPA did not affect hypothalamic 5-HT2A receptor expression. Despite the anorexic effect of liraglutide disappearing after the first day of treatment, the body weight loss induced by liraglutide persisted for 4 days in mice treated with or without PCPA. Intraperitoneal administration of liraglutide significantly decreased the gene expression of hypothalamic 5-HT2A receptors 1 h after injection. Moreover, the acute anorexic effects of liraglutide were blunted in mice treated with the high-affinity 5-HT2A agonist (4-bromo-3,6-dimethoxybenzocyclobuten-1-yl) methylamine hydrobromide 14 h or 24 h before liraglutide injection. These findings suggest that liraglutide reduces appetite and body weight independently of 5-HT synthesis in mice, whereas GLP-1 receptor activation downregulates the gene expression of hypothalamic 5-HT2A receptors.

scholarly journals STUDY OF BODY WEIGHT AND HEIGHT OF ADOLESCENTS FROM DIFFERENT ETHNIC GROUPS IN THE PLOVDIV REGION

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 3873-3880
Author(s):  
Elena Merdzhanova ◽  
◽  
Penka Angelova ◽  
Nikolay Boyadjiev ◽  
Valentina Lalova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
P Value ◽  
Turkish Children ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
And Gender

Purpose: To study the body weight and height of adolescents and to compare them with gender and age standards. All the children are from the Plovdiv region. Material and methods: About 185 children from three different ethnic groups have been studied. It also hase been developed and used specifically for this purpose an author's questionnaire for students, which contains open, closed, and mixed questions. Have been used descriptive statistics for quantitative (mean ± SD) and qualitative (percentage ± SEp) variables, also T-test for proving statistically significant differences between two independent samples. A p-value < 0.05 had been considered statistically significant for all tests. For the statistical processing, we have used the data analysis software IBM SPSS Statistics v. 25. Results: The study was conducted in the Plovdiv district in the period of May 2019 - July 2019. The subject of the study has been 185 adolescents from different ethnic groups. The logical units of the study were schools in Plovdiv and the village of Karadzhovo, which is part of the Plovdiv municipality. The gender distribution is 101 (56.6%) boys and 84 (45.4%) girls. The study covered mainly 96 Bulgarian children (51.89% ± 3.67), followed by 30 Turkish (16.22% ± 2.71) and 59 Roma origin (31.89% ± 3.43). The group of adolescents has been included students aged 11 – 15 years old. In the group of 11-year-olds, 61 (32.97%) Bulgarian children usually play sports out of school, followed by 29 (15.67%) Roma and 16 (8.65%) Turkish children. We have proved statistically significant differences between mean weight, measured in our sample compared to the population standard for the age of 11 years old boys (n=28, 45.84±13.42 kg vs n=134, 39.74±7.15 kg; t-test=2.34, p=0.026) and girls (n=35, 45.49±10.46 kg vs n=135, 41.60±9.03 kg; t-test=2.24, p=0.029), respectively. The height measured for both genders in this age group had not been statistically significantly different compared to the standard. No other differences between sample point estimates and population standard had been obtained by age groups and gender. Conclusion: For the age of 11-12 years old children, higher body weight had been found in the Bulgarian boys. The girls with the average highest values had been of Turkish origin.

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