231 CELLULAR PROLIFERATION IN FETAL OVARIAN FOLLICLES FROM LATE PREGNANT SHEEP FED MAINTENANCE OR RESTRICTED DIETS WITH NORMAL OR ENHANCED SELENIUM CONCENTRATIONS

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 224
Author(s):  
W. J. Arndt ◽  
A. Grazul-Bilska ◽  
J. S. Caton ◽  
E. Borowczyk ◽  
P. P. Borowicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Ovarian Follicles ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Labeling Index ◽  
Proliferating Cells ◽  
Primordial Follicles ◽  
Antral Follicles ◽  
Pregnant Sheep

Hypertrophy and hyperplasia are the major processes for tissue growth and development. The fetal ovaries represent a type of tissue that expresses high cellular proliferation rates. Selenium (Se) is a mineral that has diverse biological functions and affects cellular proliferation in numerous tissues including cancer, digestive tract, and placenta. It has been demonstrated that levels and sources (organic vs. inorganic) of Se may affect tissue growth. This experiment was designed to determine whether maternal consumption of differing levels of energy and Se impacts cell proliferation in fetal ovarian follicles. Sheep (n = 36) were fed a maintenance (M; 2.12 Mcal/kg) or energy restricted (ER; 60% of maintenance; nutrition restriction occurred from Day 50 to Day 135 of pregnancy) diet with high Se (HSe; 81.5 �g/kg body weight) or normal Se (NSe; 7.4 �g/kg body weight) concentration from 21 days before breeding to Day 135 of pregnancy. At slaughter on Day 135 of pregnancy, fetal tissues were collected and fixed in Carnoy's solution. Ovaries (n = 3-6/treatment group) were weighed, sectioned (one section along the longitudal axis/ovary) and stained for the presence of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), a marker for proliferating cells. To determine the proportion of proliferating primordial follicles or the labeling index (percentage of proliferating cells; Jablonka-Shariff et al. 1994 Biol. Reprod. 51, 531) for primary, secondary, and antral follicles, digital images of the tissues were taken and analyzed using a computerized image analysis program (Image-Pro Plus; Media Cybernetics, Inc., Silver Spring, MD, USA). The primordial follicle was considered as proliferating when at least one granulosa cell was PCNA-positive. The number of proliferating and non-proliferating cells was determined for granulosa of primary follicles (n = 225 total) and for granulosa and theca cells of secondary (n = 198) and antral (n = 96) follicles, and used to calculate the labeling index. The data were analyzed using the general linear models procedure of SAS (SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC, USA). The number of proliferating primordial follicles was decreased (P < 0.05) by restricted energy diet and Se treatment (11.9 � 1.7 for NSe-M diet vs. 7.2 � 1.3 for HSe-M diet and 8.3 � 0.8 for NSe-ER diet vs. 4.7 � 0.8 for HSe-ER diet). However, energy restriction or Se did not affect labeling index in primary, secondary, and antral follicles. The labeling index was similar for theca and granulosa cells from secondary, or antral follicles. The labeling index was greatest (P < 0.05) for antral, less for secondary and least for primary follicles (24.2 � 1.1% vs. 20.2 � 0.7% vs. 13.3 � 0.4%). These results demonstrate that both level of energy and Se in the maternal diet affects cellular proliferation in primordial but not in primary, secondary, or antral follicles in fetal ovaries. In addition, cellular proliferation increases as fetal follicular development progresses. These data indicate that level of energy and Se in the maternal diet may impact fetal ovarian development during the early stage of folliculogenesis. This work ws supported by USDA grant 2005-35206-15281 and Hatch Project ND01712.

scholarly journals Cellular proliferation and vascularization in ovine fetal ovaries: effects of undernutrition and selenium in maternal diet

Reproduction ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 137 (4) ◽  
pp. 699-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna T Grazul-Bilska ◽  
Joel S Caton ◽  
Wendy Arndt ◽  
Kelly Burchill ◽  
Clayton Thorson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Apoptotic Cells ◽  
Proliferating Cells ◽  
Primordial Follicles ◽  
Antral Follicles ◽  
Ovine Fetal ◽  
And Function

Sheep were fed a maintenance (M) diet with adequate (A) Se or high (H) Se concentration from 21 days before breeding to day 135 of pregnancy. From day 50 to day 135 of pregnancy (tissue collection day), a portion of the ewes from ASe and HSe groups were fed restricted (R; 60% of M) diet. Fetal ovarian sections were stained for: 1) the presence of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (a marker of proliferating cells) to determine the proportion of proliferating primordial follicles, or the labeling index (LI; percentage of proliferating cells) for primordial, primary, secondary and antral follicles, stromal tissues, and blood vessels; 2) factor VIII (a marker of endothelial cells) or 3) a presence of apoptotic cells/bodies. The number of proliferating primordial follicles and the LI of primordial follicles was decreased by R and/or HSe diets. The LI was similar for theca and granulosa cells, and for secondary or antral follicles, but was greater in secondary and antral than in primordial and primary follicles. R diet and/or Se affected the LI in all follicle types, in stromal tissues and blood vessels. A dense network of blood vessels was detected in the areas containing secondary to antral follicles, medulla, and hilus, but areas containing primordial follicles were poorly vascularized. The number of apoptotic cells was minimal. These results demonstrate that nutrient restriction and/or Se level in the maternal diet affected cellular proliferation in follicles, blood vessels, and stromal tissues in fetal ovaries. Thus, plane of nutrition and Se in the maternal diet may impact fetal ovarian development and function.

scholarly journals Morphometric analysis of ovarian follicles of Black Bengal goats during winter and summer season

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 51-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Bari ◽  
ME Kabir ◽  
MB Sarker ◽  
AHNA Khan ◽  
M Momiruzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Histological Examination ◽  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Ovarian Follicles ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Primordial Follicles ◽  
Rate Of Development ◽  
Antral Follicles ◽  
Slaughter House ◽  
Different Types

The present study was undertaken to know the development and degeneration of ovarian follicles in Black Bengal does during winter and summer season. Seven ovaries were collected in each season from a local slaughter house. The ovaries were fixed in 10% formalin for histological examination. The numbers of different types of follicles obtained during winter and summer season were compared. To compare two sets of data during winter and summer season, independent t-test was performed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). Histological examination revealed that mean number of antral follicles per ovary was 34 ± 10 (n=7) in winter which was higher (P<0.05) than those in summer (19±2; n=7) season. The number of secondary follicles per ovary was also higher (P<0.05) in winter (52±5) than summer (35±10) season. During summer season, the ovaries contained 19±4% primary and 71±4% primordial follicles whereas these values were 52±3% and 20±1%, respectively duringwinter season. The results indicate that lower rate of development and higher rate of degeneration were occurred in goat ovaries during summer than winter season.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v40i1-2.10791Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2011.39 (1-2): 51-55

scholarly journals Development and survivability of ovarian follicles of goat in different feeding systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-179
Author(s):  
MH Alam ◽  
ME Kabir ◽  
MB Sarker ◽  
BK Saha ◽  
RI Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histological Examination ◽  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Ovarian Follicles ◽  
Primordial Follicles ◽  
Antral Follicles ◽  
Feeding Systems

The present study was aimed to know the effects of feeding systems on follicular development in Black Bengal goats. Nine female post-weaned Black Bengal goats were randomly assigned to 3 feeding systems namely stall feeding, tethering and grazing. After 240 days of rearing, goats were slaughtered and ovaries were collected for morphometric analysis. Histological examination revealed that the percentages of secondary (p<0.01) and antral follicles (p<0.05) were higher in stall-fed than tethering and grazing goats. Percentage of primordial follicles (61±2%) was lower in stall-fed goats and higher in tethering (71±3%) goats. Number of degenerated follicles was higher in tethering goats and lower in stall-fed groups. These results reveal that development and degeneration of ovarian follicles are influenced by feeding systems of goats.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v43i3.21644 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2014. 43 (3): 175-179

The Important Roles of Matrix Metalloproteinases in the Pathophysiology of Obesity

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1481-1484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radu Mihail Mirica ◽  
Mihai Ionescu ◽  
Alexandra Mirica ◽  
Octav Ginghina ◽  
Razvan Iosifescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinases ◽  
English Language ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Basement Membranes ◽  
Body Weight Reduction

Obesity involves the growth of adipose tissue cells (adipocytes and preadipocytes), as well as microvascular endothelial cells. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are relevant ezymes for the modulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) and adipocyte and preadipocytes differentiation. They are elevated in obese patients, generating abnormal ECM metabolism.[1]. This article proposes a thorough study of literature with focus on the important roles of matrix metalloproteinases in the pathophysiology of obesity. The article represents a narrative review based on an English-language PubMed research of the medical literature regardind important aspects of the proposed aim. MMP-2 activity was signi�cantly higher than MMP-9, both activities were detectable. MMP-9 was strongly correlated with body weight parameters before surgery, as well as after significant body weight reduction as a result of bariatric surgery. Concerning MMP-2 and MMP-9 they are also involved in the turnover of basement membranes both those of adipose tissue and endothelial. MMP-9 levels were moderately correlated with HDL cholesterol levels. Taken together, the present data suggest that changes in ECM through MMP-mediated degradation might play a critical role in the adipocyte differentiation process. These findings are detected both in clinical trials and in laboratory animal experiments. It is then tempting to speculate that the adipocyte-derived MMPs might represent a new pharmacological target for the inhibition of adipose tissue growth by inhibiting adipose differentiation as well as angiogenic process.

Chitosan/β-TCP composites scaffolds coated with silk fibroin: a bone tissue engineering approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 015003
Author(s):  
Lya Piaia ◽  
Simone S Silva ◽  
Joana M Gomes ◽  
Albina R Franco ◽  
Emanuel M Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Silk Fibroin ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Polymeric Scaffolds ◽  
Bioactive Agents

Abstract Bone regeneration and natural repair are long-standing processes that can lead to uneven new tissue growth. By introducing scaffolds that can be autografts and/or allografts, tissue engineering provides new approaches to manage the major burdens involved in this process. Polymeric scaffolds allow the incorporation of bioactive agents that improve their biological and mechanical performance, making them suitable materials for bone regeneration solutions. The present work aimed to create chitosan/beta-tricalcium phosphate-based scaffolds coated with silk fibroin and evaluate their potential for bone tissue engineering. Results showed that the obtained scaffolds have porosities up to 86%, interconnectivity up to 96%, pore sizes in the range of 60–170 μm, and a stiffness ranging from 1 to 2 MPa. Furthermore, when cultured with MC3T3 cells, the scaffolds were able to form apatite crystals after 21 d; and they were able to support cell growth and proliferation up to 14 d of culture. Besides, cellular proliferation was higher on the scaffolds coated with silk. These outcomes further demonstrate that the developed structures are suitable candidates to enhance bone tissue engineering.

scholarly journals Cellular Functions of OCT-3/4 Regulated by Ubiquitination in Proliferating Cells

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 663
Author(s):  
Kwang-Hyun Baek ◽  
Jihye Choi ◽  
Chang-Zhu Pei
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Ubiquitin Proteasome System ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Proliferating Cells ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation

Octamer-binding transcription factor 3/4 (OCT-3/4), which is involved in the tumorigenesis of somatic cancers, has diverse functions during cancer development. Overexpression of OCT-3/4 has been detected in various human somatic tumors, indicating that OCT-3/4 activation may contribute to the development and progression of cancers. Stem cells can undergo self-renewal, pluripotency, and reprogramming with the help of at least four transcription factors, OCT-3/4, SRY box-containing gene 2 (SOX2), Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), and c-MYC. Of these, OCT-3/4 plays a critical role in maintenance of undifferentiated state of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and in production of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Stem cells can undergo partitioning through mitosis and separate into specific cell types, three embryonic germ layers: the endoderm, the mesoderm, and the trophectoderm. It has been demonstrated that the stability of OCT-3/4 is mediated by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), which is one of the key cellular mechanisms for cellular homeostasis. The framework of the mechanism is simple, but the proteolytic machinery is complicated. Ubiquitination promotes protein degradation, and ubiquitination of OCT-3/4 leads to regulation of cellular proliferation and differentiation. Therefore, it is expected that OCT-3/4 may play a key role in proliferation and differentiation of proliferating cells.

scholarly journals Ajwa Improves Nicotine Induced Ovarian Toxicity in Murine Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
Faeza Rauf ◽  
Muhammad Suhail ◽  
Tayyaba Muzaffar ◽  
Javaid Iqbal ◽  
Sadia Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Ovarian Follicles ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Ovarian Toxicity ◽  
Gastric Intubation ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D ◽  
Experimental Group

Introduction: Nicotine, a major component of cigarette smoke, alters ovarian function and Ajwa (Phoenix dactylifera) being an antioxidant prevents its toxicity. Aims & Objectives: This experimental study was designed to evaluate protective effect of Ajwa against ovarian toxicity induced by nicotine in adult albino rats. Place and duration of study: The study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, Federal Postgraduate Medical Institute, Shaikh Zayed Medical Complex, Lahore for duration of 3 months (January 2017-March 2017). Material & Methods: 40 adult female albino rats were divided into four equal groups. 1ml distilled water was given to the rats of control (A) group by gastric intubation, experimental group B was given nicotine injection intraperitoneally (0.1 mg/kg body weight) for 28 days. The rats of experimental group C were given Ajwa fruit extract 1gm/kg body weight daily by gastric intubation, while rats of experimental group D were given 0.1mg/kg body weight nicotine intraperitoneally plus 1gm/kg body weight Ajwa fruit extract by gastric intubation for 28 days. Results: In group B, secondary and Graafian follicles were mostly atrophic, degeneration of granulosa cells, pyknotic nuclei and stromal vacuolization were present. Zona pellucida was torn and irregular. Mean diameters of secondary and Graafian follicles were significantly lower in nicotine group B (p-value<0-001*). Experimental group C revealed normal histological architecture and diameter of ovarian follicles. Near normal restoration of follicular structure was seen in group D. Conclusion: Ajwa fruit extract is counterbalancing for nicotine induced oxidative stress in ovarian follicles of rat, so it may be useful to improve infertility or sub-fertility induced by smoking in females.

scholarly journals Ovarian development in intrauterine growth-retarded and normally developed piglets originating from the same litter

Reproduction ◽  
2003 ◽  
pp. 249-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Da Silva-Buttkus ◽  
R van den Hurk ◽  
ER te Velde ◽  
MA Taverne
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Ovarian Development ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Follicle Cell ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Image Analysis System ◽  
Ovarian Mass ◽  
Primordial Follicles ◽  
Intrauterine Growth

Epidemiological studies in humans linking adult disease to growth in utero indicate that prenatal life is a critical period for the appropriate development of the reproductive axis. The aim of this study was to compare ovarian development in intrauterine growth-retarded and normally grown piglets originating from the same litter. Intrauterine growth-retarded piglets (runts) were identified on the basis of statistical analysis of the birth weight distribution within each litter. At birth, ovaries were collected from runt piglets (n=14) and their respective mean weight (normal, n=14) littermates. Ovaries were weighed and fixed, and development of ovarian germ cells was quantified in haematoxylin-eosin-stained paraffin wax sections using an image analysis system. Germ cell loss, using an in situ TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) assay for DNA fragmentation, and follicle cell activity, using immunohistochemistry to demonstrate vimentin, were studied in ovarian sections. At birth, body weight and absolute ovarian mass were significantly lower in runt piglets compared with their respective normally grown littermates (body weight: 733+/-38.5 versus 1530+/-39.7 g; ovarian mass: 51+/-3.0 versus 108+/-9.6 mg; P<0.001 for both). In the ovary, the proportion of nests of oogonia, the number of oocytes and TUNEL-positive cells, and the localization and intensity of vimentin immunoreactivity were not different between runt and normal littermates. However, runt piglets had more primordial follicles (268+/-18.6 versus 235+/-20.1 per mm(2) of cortex; P<0.05), fewer primary follicles (11+/-2.0 versus 20+/-3.0 per mm(2) of cortex; P<0.001) and no secondary follicles compared with normal piglets. These findings indicate that intrauterine growth retardation delayed follicular development in pig ovaries at birth.

Altrenogest affects the development and endocrine milieu of ovarian follicles in prepubertal and mature gilts†

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 1069-1084
Author(s):  
Adam J Ziecik ◽  
Klaudia Drzewiecka ◽  
Katarzyna Gromadzka-Hliwa ◽  
Jan Klos ◽  
Patrycja Witek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Follicular Fluid ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Cyst Formation ◽  
Ovarian Follicles ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Molecular Control ◽  
Antral Follicles ◽  
Follicular Cyst

Abstract Altrenogest with gonadotropins is commonly used to synchronize the estrous cycle, but it can also lead to follicular cyst formation, especially in prepubertal gilts. Here, we aimed to investigate how maturity and altrenogest treatment affect the development, endocrine milieu, and molecular control of ovarian follicles. Crossbred prepubertal and mature gilts were challenged or not (control) with altrenogest, and ovaries were collected in the morning on the first day of behavioral estrus. In prepubertal gilts, altrenogest decreased the percentage of primordial and atretic small follicles, but increased large antral follicles when compared with controls. In mature gilts, altrenogest reduced the percentage of primary follicles and elevated the total number of antral follicles. Maturity affected the estradiol level in the follicular fluid of preovulatory follicles, luteinizing hormone (LH)-stimulated cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) generation, and LH receptor messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in granulosa. Moreover, cytochrome P45017A1 (CYP17A1) mRNA levels in the theca layer were affected and correlated with follicular androstendione and estradiol concentration. Altrenogest negatively affected follicular fluid progesterone concentration and decreased levels of prostaglandin (PG) E2 in prepubertal gilts and PGF2alpha metabolite in mature gilts. LH-stimulated cAMP release in granulosa cells of mature gilts as well as human chorionic gonadotropin- and forskolin-induced cAMP were also affected. In addition, altrenogest downregulated CYP17A1 mRNA in the prepubertal theca layer and PGF2alpha synthase expression in the granulosa and theca layer of mature gilts. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report multiple effects of maturity and altrenogest on the endocrine milieu and molecular regulations governing ovarian follicle development in gilts.

scholarly journals Augmented transcripts of kidney injury markers and renin angiotensin system in urine samples of overweight young adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Rivera ◽  
Catalina Miranda ◽  
Nicole Roldán ◽  
Aaron Guerrero ◽  
Javier Olave ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Renin Angiotensin

AbstractObesity has been firmly established as a major risk factor for common disease states including hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease. Increased body mass index (BMI) contributes to the activation of both the systemic and intra-tubular renin angiotensin systems (RAS), which are in turn associated with increased blood pressure (BP) and kidney damage. In this cross-sectional study, 43 subjects of normal or increased body weight were examined in order to determine the correlation of BMI or body fat mass (BFM) with blood pressure, fasting blood glucose (FBG), and urinary kidney injury markers such as interleukin-18 (IL-18), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1). Our results showed that: (1) subjects with increased body weight showed significantly higher BP, BFM, total body water and metabolic age; (2) BMI was positively correlated to both systolic (R2 = 0.1384, P = 0.01) and diastolic BP (R2 = 0.2437, P = 0.0008); (3) BFM was positively correlated to DBP (R2 = 0.1232, P = 0.02) and partially correlated to urine protein (R2 = 0.047, P = 0.12) and FBG (R2 = 0.07, P = 0.06); (4) overweight young adults had higher urinary mRNA levels of renin, angiotensinogen, IL-18 and CTGF. These suggest that BMI directly affects BP, kidney injury markers, and the activation of the intra-tubular RAS even in normotensive young adults. Given that BMI measurements and urine analyses are non-invasive, our findings may pave the way to developing a new and simple method of screening for the risk of chronic kidney disease in adults.

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