scholarly journals 198 DISTRIBUTION OF SPERMATOZOA AND COPULATORY PLUG IN RELATION TO THE TIME OF MATING AND OVULATION IN THE FEMALE TAMMAR WALLABY (MACROPUS EUGENII)

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 249
Author(s):  
D.B.B.P. Paris ◽  
D.A. Taggart ◽  
M.C.J. Paris ◽  
P.D. Temple-Smith ◽  
M.B. Renfree
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Tammar Wallaby ◽  
Gravid Uterus ◽  
Limited Sample ◽  
Macropus Eugenii ◽  
Copulatory Plug ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Single Mating ◽  
Sperm Reservoir ◽  
The University

In the monovular macropodid marsupial, the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii), the cervices are the primary selective barrier to spermatozoa, resulting in differential transport to the non-gravid uterus where a sperm reservoir is established (Tyndale-Biscoe CH and Rodger JC 1978 J. Reprod. Fertil. 52, 37–43). However, due to limited sample size, the dynamics of sperm transport could not be thoroughly examined. In this study, the distribution of spermatozoa, the size of the copulatory plug in the reproductive tract at various times after mating, and the timing of ovulation were characterized in 28 naturally mated female tammars. After the first postpartum (p.p.) mating, adult females were isolated and their reproductive tracts dissected at 0.5, 6, 18, 36, and 40 h post-coitum (p.c.). Each tract was ligated into 13 major anatomical sections, and spermatozoa and eggs were recovered by flushing. Mating occurred 21.7 ± 2.5 h p.p. (mean ± SEM; n = 20) in these animals that were checked frequently and lasted 7.8 ± 0.7 min (n = 15). Within 0.5 h after a single mating (n = 5) the tract contained 2.6 ± 1.0 × 107 spermatozoa and 21.6 ± 8.8 g of copulatory plug, 96 and 70% of which was lost within 6 h p.c., respectively. Spermatozoa reached the uterus, isthmus, and ampulla of the oviduct ipsilateral to the developing follicle within 0.5, 6, and 18 h p.c. respectively, and a uterine population of 2.6 ± 1.2 × 104 spermatozoa (n = 24) was maintained for over 40 h (ANOVA, P > 0.05). Sperm numbers were reduced at the cervix (up to 57-fold) and utero-tubule junction (8-fold), and only 1 in ∼7600 ejaculated spermatozoa (3.4 ± 0.9 × 103; n = 14) reached the oviduct on the side of ovulation. Although sperm numbers were reduced in the gravid uterus (n = 24), differential transport of spermatozoa was not observed (ANOVA, P > 0.05). Ovulation and recovery of sperm-covered eggs from the isthmus of the oviduct occurred 36–41 h p.c. (49–72 h p.p.) (n = 8). Like many eutherian mammals, but in contrast to polyovular dasyurid and didelphid marsupials, the tammar ejaculates large numbers of spermatozoa, but transport is relatively inefficient and sperm storage in the tract before ovulation is limited. Research was supported by the Australian Research Council (grant No. C09930004) and the University of Melbourne.

Sperm transport, size of the seminal plug and the timing of ovulation after natural mating in the female tammar wallaby Macropus eugenii

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damien B. B. P. Paris ◽  
David A. Taggart ◽  
Monica C. J. Paris ◽  
Peter D. Temple-Smith ◽  
Marilyn B. Renfree
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Tammar Wallaby ◽  
Sperm Storage ◽  
Sperm Transport ◽  
Macropus Eugenii ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Single Mating ◽  
Natural Mating

The distribution of spermatozoa and seminal plug in the reproductive tract and the timing of ovulation were examined at various times in a naturally mated monovular macropodid marsupial, namely the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii). After the first post partum (p.p.) mating, 28 females were isolated and their reproductive tracts dissected at 0.5, 6, 18, 36 and 40 h post coitum (p.c.). Each tract was ligated into 13 major anatomical sections and spermatozoa and eggs were recovered by flushing. Mating was possibly delayed by handling and occurred 21.7 ± 2.5 h p.p. in these animals. Copulation lasted 7.8 ± 0.7 min. Within 0.5 h after a single mating, the tract contained 25.8 ± 10.2 × 106 spermatozoa and 21.6 ± 8.8 g of seminal plug, 96% and 70% of which was lost within 6 h p.c. respectively. Spermatozoa reached the uterus, isthmus and ampulla of the oviduct on the side of the developing follicle within 0.5, 6 and 18 h p.c., respectively, and a uterine population of 26.1 ± 12.103 spermatozoa was maintained for over 40 h. Sperm numbers were reduced at the cervix (up to 57-fold) and uterotubule junction (eight-fold) and only one in approximately 7500 ejaculated spermatozoa (3.4 ± 0.9 × 103) reached the oviduct on the follicle side. Differential transport of spermatozoa was not observed. Although the numbers of spermatozoa were reduced in the parturient uterus, they were highly variable and were not significantly different to those in the non-parturient uterus. Ovulation and recovery of sperm-covered eggs from the isthmus occurred 36–41 h p.c. (49–72 h p.p.). In contrast with the polyovular dasyurid and didelphid marsupials, the tammar wallaby ejaculates large numbers of spermatozoa, but transport is relatively inefficient and sperm storage in the tract before ovulation is limited.

scholarly journals Influence of donor age on development of gonadal tissue from pouch young of the tammar wallaby, Macropus eugenii, after cryopreservation and xenografting into mice

Reproduction ◽  
2002 ◽  
pp. 143-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Mattiske ◽  
G Shaw ◽  
JM Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Tammar Wallaby ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Follicle Development ◽  
Primordial Follicles ◽  
Antral Follicles ◽  
Macropus Eugenii ◽  
Reduced Rate ◽  
Timing Of Onset

Ovaries from a marsupial, the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii), were grafted into a eutherian recipient at known stages of development to ascertain whether normal development would occur. Xenografted ovaries from pouch young < 20 days old, before the onset of meiosis, retained few germ cells and developed tubule-like structures reminiscent of seminiferous cords. Ovaries from 50-day-old pouch young, which contain primordial follicles, developed into antral follicles and corpora lutea within the eutherian host, and produced hormones that stimulated the reproductive tract of the host. The timing of onset of antrum formation and the progress of follicle development were advanced relative to the timing of events in ovaries in situ. Frozen-thawed ovaries from 50-day-old donors developed into preantral follicles, but at a reduced rate and number. This finding shows that gonads of a marsupial species can develop as xenografts in a eutherian, forming large antral follicles. Accelerated follicular development in xenografts provides a potentially valuable model for studying the factors that control follicle development. Assisted reproduction of endangered marsupials may also be feasible using follicles from pouch young grown as xenografts in a eutherian host.

scholarly journals Parturition and perfect prematurity: birth in marsupials

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoff Shaw ◽  
Marilyn B. Renfree
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Tammar Wallaby ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Lung Maturation ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Macropus Eugenii ◽  
Surfactant Production ◽  
Glucocorticoid Production ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Adrenal Glucocorticoid

Marsupials are distinguished from eutherian mammals in their mode of reproduction. They give birth to a highly altricial young, which completes its development whilst attached to a teat, usually within a pouch. The marsupial neonate has relatively well-developed digestive, respiratory and circulatory systems but retains its fetal excretory system with a fully functional mesonephric kidney and undifferentiated gonads and genitalia. We have investigated birth in the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii) and shown that the tiny (400 mg) fetus determines the time of its own delivery. Although plasma progesterone falls, and oestradiol associated with the postpartum oestrus typically rises, around the time of parturition, neither hormone is essential for the timing of birth. However relaxin may loosen the connective tissue of the cervix and vaginae for birth. Labour starts suddenly and is completed within minutes. Both prostaglandins and mesotocin are essential for the contractions that deliver the young. Prostaglandins from the reproductive tract act via the brain to control parturient behaviour. In the last 2 days of gestation fetal adrenal glucocorticoid production increases, promoting lung maturation and surfactant production and ultimately triggering labour. The accessibility of the altricial neonatal marsupial provides a unique opportunity for experimental manipulation of organ development and maturation.

scholarly journals Optimizing COVID-19 testing capabilities and clinical management using pathology informatics

JAMIA Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srikar Chamala ◽  
Sherri Flax ◽  
Petr Starostik ◽  
Kartikeya Cherabuddi ◽  
Nicole M Iovine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Management ◽  
World Health ◽  
University Of Florida ◽  
Pathology Informatics ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The University ◽  
Reporting Data

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019, first reported in China in late 2019, has quickly spread across the world. The outbreak was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. Here, we describe our initial efforts at the University of Florida Health for processing of large numbers of tests, streamlining data collection, and reporting data for optimizing testing capabilities and superior clinical management. Specifically, we discuss clinical and pathology informatics workflows and informatics instruments which we designed to meet the unique challenges of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing. We hope these results benefit institutions preparing to implement SARS-CoV-2 testing.

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