Minimum sperm trajectory length for reliable determination of the fractal dimension

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon T. Mortimer
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Fractal Dimensions ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Track Length ◽  
Reliable Determination ◽  
Track Segment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Trajectory Length

The aim of this study was to determine the minimum track length required for the reliable calculation of the fractal dimension of trajectories of capacitating human spermatozoa. Manually reconstructed trajectories classified previously as hyperactivated or non-hyperactivated were re-analyzed. The trajectories were reconstructed at 60 Hz, and each comprised 61 points (corresponding to 1 s movement). The trajectories were ‘split’ to give the equivalent of 2 × 31 point, 3 × 21 point, 4 × 16 point and 6 × 11 point track segments and the fractal dimension determined for each. The fractal dimensions of each track segment within each trajectory were compared using paired t-tests. No significant difference was observed between the fractal dimensions of track segments of equal length, irrespective of the motility pattern. However, significant differences in fractal dimension values were observed when segments of different lengths were compared (P<0.01). For the non-hyperactivated tracks, the fractal dimension was consistently below the hyperactivation threshold level for only the 31 point segments. The hyperactivated tracks consistently had fractal dimension values above the threshold level when segments of 16 points or longer were analysed. Therefore, the minimum track length for the determination of reliable fractal dimension values was 31 points, corresponding to an image sampling time of 0.5 s at 60 Hz, although it could be used as a screening method for the identification of hyperactivated motility for track segments of greater than 11 points (corresponding to 0.17 s movement).

scholarly journals Grain textural analysis across a range of glacial facies

1999 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 111-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Khatwa ◽  
J. K. Hart ◽  
A. J. Payne
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Fractal Dimensions ◽  
Textural Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

AbstractA technique proposed by Hooke and Iverson (1995) to identify deformed subglacial sediments is reviewed and tested, based on two main objectives. First, an investigation of whether the fractal dimension can distinguish between non-deformed and deformed facies; for which we compare supraglacial and subglacial facies explicitly. Second, an evaluation of whether the fractal dimension can be used as a diagnostic criteria to discriminate between different styles and degrees of basal deformation. This is tested using a range of sediments from the deformation continuum suggested by Hart and Boulton (1991b). Sixteen subglacial samples were selected from Quaternary sites in England and three supraglacial samples from the modern Haut Glacier d’Arolla, Switzerland. The mean fractal dimension for the subglacial diamicton matrix facies was 2.92, similar to findings of 2.90 by Hooke and Iverson (1995) for their basal tills. The supraglacial facies displayed a mean fractal dimension of 2.83, which is unusually high for facies which are assumed to be undeformed. A Mann—Whitney U test showed that fractal dimensions of supraglacial and subglacial diamicton matrix facies were not significantly different. No significant difference was found between the fractal dimensions of the different tectonic facies within the subglacial group. It may be impossible to separate the subglacial and supraglacial facies because of complex debris paths within the glacier. Grain fracture or parent lithology may affect the particle-size distribution of subglacial facies.

The Percolation Phenomenon and Fractal Dimension of Natural Silicates

2015 ◽  
Vol 365 ◽  
pp. 128-135
Author(s):  
Maria A. Vasilyeva ◽  
Yuri A. Gusev ◽  
Valery G. Shtyrlin ◽  
Yury N. Osin
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Electron Micrographs ◽  
Fractal Analysis ◽  
Dielectric Spectroscopy ◽  
Fractal Dimensions ◽  
Adsorbed Water ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Silicate Structure ◽  
Percolation Phenomenon

Many physical effects, such asdcconductivity and percolation, depend on the morphology of the silicate structure and its relationship to adsorbed water. These effects play an important role in numerous technological applications, in geology, oil-extracting industry, and other practical fields. In this study, all the samples: natural montmorillonite, kaolinite, and сlinoptilolite with different exchangeable cations in their structures, – were stored in ambient air humidity. The investigation was carried by using two separate techniques, namely Dielectric Spectroscopy and a fractal analysis of electron micrographs. The aims of this work were to analyze the complex relaxation behavior of the relaxation process in temperature range –70°C ÷ +70°C and to determine the fractal dimensions of silicates from the dielectric response at percolation. Dielectric measurements in the frequency range of 1 Hz ÷ 1 MHz were performed using a BDS 80 Dielectric Spectrometer based on an Alpha Impedance Analyzer (Novocontrol). The micrographs were analyzed using a special Matlab based program. The analysis of aspects of the dielectric relaxation spectra related to percolation was used for the determination of the numerical characteristics of geometric heterogeneity of natural silicates. The percolation temperatures of the studied samples were determined. The percolation phenomenon in the silicates is related to the transfer of the electric excitation within the developed network of open pores due to the migration of protons and ions along the surface of connected pores on the outer surfaces of the granules. The analysis of these processes allows one to extract the fractal dimensions associated with the migration of charge carriers within the porous medium. Fractal dimensions of the silicates calculated in two ways: from dielectric spectroscopy study and from fractal analysis of the micrographs, – are in good agreement with each other. It was demonstrated that conventional method of the spatial fractal dimension determination using fractal analysis of electron micrographs leads to overestimation in the case of spatial fractal bounded by a surface fractal. The dielectric spectroscopy method is free from such overestimation.

Use of the Size–Frequency (Hynes) Method to Estimate Annual Production of a Stream Fish Population

1983 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 2030-2034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg C. Garman ◽  
Thomas F. Waters
Keyword(s):  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Fish Population ◽  
Annual Production ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Frequency Method ◽  
Reliable Determination ◽  
Size Frequency ◽  
Production Values ◽  
Significant Difference

Previously developed and accepted methods of fish production estimation, such as instantaneous growth (G method), require aging of sampled individuals. Hynes' size–frequency method, however, does not require cohort separation. Annual production and approximate 95% confidence intervals are presented and compared for populations of brook, brown, and rainbow trout (Salvelinus fontinalis, Salmo trutta, and Salmo gairdneri) in Valley Creek, Minnesota, 1977–78, using the size–frequency and G methods. No significant difference was found between production values calculated by the two methods. It is proposed that the size–frequency method provides a reliable determination of annual production of fish populations and will be especially useful where accurate aging of individuals is not possible or where aging represents excessive labor.

scholarly journals Determination of Processed Animal Proteins, Including Meat and Bone Meal, in Animal Feed

2004 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 1334-1341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giséile Gizzi ◽  
Christoph von Holst ◽  
Vincent Baeten ◽  
Gilbert Berben ◽  
Leo van Raamsdonk
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Reliable Determination ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Fit For Purpose

Abstract An intercomparison study was conducted to determine the presence of processed animal proteins (PAPs), including meat and bone meal (MBM) from various species, in animal feed. The performances of different methods, such as microscopy, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunoassays, and a protocol based on iquid chromatography (LC), were compared. Laboratories were asked to analyze for PAPs from all terrestrial animals and fish (total PAPs); mammalian PAPs; ruminant PAPs; and porcine PAPs. They were free to use their method of choice. In addition, laboratories using microscopy were asked to determine the presence of PAPs from terrestrial animals, which is applicable only to microscopy. For total PAPs microscopy, LC and some immunoassays showed sufficient results at a concentration as low as 0.1% MBM in the feed. In contrast, PCR was not fit for purpose. In differentiating between MBM from terrestrial animals and fishmeal, microscopy detected 0.5% of terrestrial MBM in feed in the presence of 5% fishmeal, but was less successful when the concentration of MBM from terrestrial animals was 0.1%. The animal-specific determination of MBM from mammals or, more specifically from either ruminants or pigs, by PCR showed poor results, as indicated by a high number of false-positive and false-negative results. The only PCR method that scored quite well was applied by a member of the organizer team of the study. Immunoassays scored much better than PCR, showing sufficient sensitivity but some deficiency in terms of specificity. The results also demonstrated that the reliable determination of MBM from ruminants has not been resolved, especially for low concentrations of MBM (0.1%) in feed. Comparison of the results for mammalian MBM from all methods indicated that, for control purposes, the immunoassay method, especially when applied as dipsticks, could be used as a rapid screening method combined with microscopy to confirm the positive samples. However, implementation of such a system would require that the immunoassays were previously validated to demonstrate that this approach is fit for purpose. The determination of ruminant or porcine PAPs by immunoassays was more difficult, partly because the MBM in this study contained about 50% bovine and porcine material, thereby reducing the target concentration level to 0.05%.

A panel of mono- and dinucleotide microsatellite markers is required for reliable determination of the MSI status in colorectal cancer

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A599-A599
Author(s):  
C ARNOLD ◽  
A GOEL ◽  
J CARETHERS ◽  
L WASSERMAN ◽  
C COMPTON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Reliable Determination

Detection of Circulating Tissue Factor and Factor VII in a Normal Population

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (05) ◽  
pp. 772-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sybille Albrecht ◽  
Matthias Kotzsch ◽  
Gabriele Siegert ◽  
Thomas Luther ◽  
Heinz Großmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Factor ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
And Gender

SummaryThe plasma tissue factor (TF) concentration was correlated to factor VII concentration (FVIIag) and factor VII activity (FVIIc) in 498 healthy volunteers ranging in age from 17 to 64 years. Immunoassays using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were developed for the determination of TF and FVIIag in plasma. The mAbs and the test systems were characterized. The mean value of the TF concentration was 172 ± 135 pg/ml. TF showed no age- and gender-related differences. For the total population, FVIIc, determined by a clotting test, was 110 ± 15% and the factor VIlag was 0.77 ± 0.19 μg/ml. FVII activity was significantly increased with age, whereas the concentration demonstrated no correlation to age in this population. FVII concentration is highly correlated with the activity as measured by clotting assay using rabbit thromboplastin. The ratio between FVIIc and FVIIag was not age-dependent, but demonstrated a significant difference between men and women. Between TF and FVII we could not detect a correlation.

Improvement Of Curvilinear Diagrams Of Concrete Deformation

2019 ◽  
pp. 99-104
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Deformation Model ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Structures ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Deformation Diagrams

Problems when calculating reinforced concrete structures based on the concrete deformation under compression diagram, which is presented both in Russian and foreign regulatory documents on the design of concrete and reinforced concrete structures are considered. The correctness of their compliance for all classes of concrete remains very approximate, especially a significant difference occurs when using Euronorm due to the different shape and sizes of the samples. At present, there are no methodical recommendations for determining the ultimate relative deformations of concrete under axial compression and the construction of curvilinear deformation diagrams, which leads to limited experimental data and, as a result, does not make it possible to enter more detailed ultimate strain values into domestic standards. The results of experimental studies to determine the ultimate relative deformations of concrete under compression for different classes of concrete, which allowed to make analytical dependences for the evaluation of the ultimate relative deformations and description of curvilinear deformation diagrams, are presented. The article discusses various options for using the deformation model to assess the stress-strain state of the structure, it is concluded that it is necessary to use not only the finite values of the ultimate deformations, but also their intermediate values. This requires reliable diagrams "s–e” for all classes of concrete. The difficulties of measuring deformations in concrete subjected to peak load, corresponding to the prismatic strength, as well as main cracks that appeared under conditions of long-term step loading are highlighted. Variants of more accurate measurements are proposed. Development and implementation of the new standard GOST "Concretes. Methods for determination of complete diagrams" on the basis of the developed method for obtaining complete diagrams of concrete deformation under compression for the evaluation of ultimate deformability of concrete under compression are necessary.

Optimal Density Determination of Bouguer Anomaly Using Fractal Analysis (Case of study: Charak area,IRAN)

2005 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
Hamid Reza Samadi
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Fractal Analysis ◽  
Fractal Geometry ◽  
Host Rock ◽  
Bouguer Anomaly ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Density Difference ◽  
Optimal Density

In exploration geophysics the main and initial aim is to determine density of under-research goals which have certain density difference with the host rock. Therefore, we state a method in this paper to determine the density of bouguer plate, the so-called variogram method based on fractal geometry. This method is based on minimizing surface roughness of bouguer anomaly. The fractal dimension of surface has been used as surface roughness of bouguer anomaly. Using this method, the optimal density of Charak area insouth of Hormozgan province can be determined which is 2/7 g/cfor the under-research area. This determined density has been used to correct and investigate its results about the isostasy of the studied area and results well-coincided with the geology of the area and dug exploratory holes in the text area

Colorimetric Determination of Fluoride in Drinking Groundwater using a Polymeric Zirconium Complex of 5-(2-Carboxyphenylazo)-8-Hydroxyquinoline

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 460-465
Author(s):  
Sameer Amereih ◽  
Zaher Barghouthi ◽  
Lamees Majjiad
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Detection Limit ◽  
Complex Formation ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Colorimetric Determination ◽  
Zirconium Complex ◽  
Reliable Determination ◽  
Percentage Recovery ◽  
Quantitation Limit

A sensitive colorimetric determination of fluoride in drinking water has been developed using a polymeric zirconium complex of 5-(2-Carboxyphenylazo)-8-Hydroxyquinoline as fluoride reagents. The method allowed a reliable determination of fluoride in range of (0.0-1.5) mg L-1. The molar absorptivity of the complex formation is 7695 ± 27 L mol-1 cm-1 at 460 nm. The sensitivity, detection limit, quantitation limit, and percentage recovery for 1.0 mg L-1 fluoride for the proposed method were found to be 0.353 ± 0.013 μg mL-1, 0.1 mg L-1, 0.3 mg L-1, and 101.7 ± 4.1, respectively.

Rapid determination of fractal structure of bacterial assemblages in wastewater treatment: implications to process optimisation

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Guan ◽  
T. D. Waite ◽  
R. Amal ◽  
H. Bustamante ◽  
R. Wukasch
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Fractal Structure ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Rapid Determination ◽  
Fractal Dimensions ◽  
Structure Information ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
On Line ◽  
Bacterial Aggregates

A rapid method of determining the structure of aggregated particles using small angle laser light scattering is applied here to assemblages of bacteria from wastewater treatment systems. The structure information so obtained is suggestive of fractal behaviour as found by other methods. Strong dependencies are shown to exist between the fractal structure of the bacterial aggregates and the behaviour of the biosolids in zone settling and dewatering by both pressure filtration and centrifugation methods. More rapid settling and significantly higher solids contents are achievable for “looser” flocs characterised by lower fractal dimensions. The rapidity of determination of structural information and the strong dependencies of the effectiveness of a number of wastewater treatment processes on aggregate structure suggests that this method may be particularly useful as an on-line control tool.

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