Induction of autophagy promotes porcine parthenogenetic embryo development under low oxygen conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 657
Author(s):  
Jilong Zhou ◽  
Tiantian Ji ◽  
Hai-Nan He ◽  
Shu-Yuan Yin ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Development ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Antioxidant Vitamin ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Malondialdehyde Content ◽  
Oxygen Conditions ◽  
Parthenogenetic Embryo ◽  
Low Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Antioxidant Mechanisms

Autophagy plays an important role in embryo development; however, only limited information is available on how autophagy specifically regulates embryo development, especially under low oxygen culture conditions. In this study we used parthenogenetic activation (PA) of porcine embryos to test the hypothesis that a low oxygen concentration (5%) could promote porcine embryo development by activating autophagy. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that low oxygen tension activated autophagy and alleviated oxidative stress in porcine PA embryos. Development was significantly affected when autophagy was blocked by 3-methyladenine, even under low oxygen culture conditions, with increased reactive oxygen species levels and malondialdehyde content. Furthermore, the decreased expression of pluripotency-associated genes induced by autophagy inhibition could be recovered by treatment with the antioxidant vitamin C. Together, these results demonstrate that low oxygen-induced autophagy regulates embryo development through antioxidant mechanisms in the pig.

scholarly journals A Family of acr-Coregulated Mycobacterium tuberculosis Genes Shares a Common DNA Motif and Requires Rv3133c (dosR or devR) for Expression

2003 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
pp. 5332-5343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew A. Florczyk ◽  
Lee Ann McCue ◽  
Anjan Purkayastha ◽  
Egidio Currenti ◽  
Meyer J. Wolin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Sequence Motif ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Protein Fusion ◽  
Dna Motif ◽  
Oxygen Conditions ◽  
Green Fluorescent

ABSTRACT Previous work has shown that the divergently transcribed Mycobacterium tuberculosis genes acr (hspX, Rv2031c) and acg (Rv2032) are induced under conditions of shallow standing culture and low oxygen and intracellularly within macrophages. We used a combination of computational and experimental methods to identify promoters for eight additional genes that are regulated in a similar manner and that comprise an acr-coregulated promoter (ACP) family. Transcriptional regulation of these ACP family members was evaluated by using a plasmid-based promoter-green fluorescent protein fusion system and flow cytometry. All promoters showed increased expression in shallow standing versus shaking cultures, in low- versus high-oxygen conditions, and intracellularly within macrophages versus extracellularly in tissue culture medium. However, there were quantitative differences in expression among promoters and among conditions for each promoter. A conserved 18-bp palindromic sequence motif was identified in all ACPs by Gibbs sampling-based computational analyses. Two such motifs overlap regions in the acr and acg promoters that were previously shown to be required for their expression. In addition, we found that 5% carbon dioxide was required for growth of Mycobacterium bovis BCG under microaerophilic (1.3% O2) culture conditions and fully prevented the growth cessation typically associated with rapid removal of oxygen. These findings are likely to be relevant to the in vivo environment and will contribute to our understanding of the pathogenesis of tuberculosis infection.

scholarly journals Identification of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis Putative Classical Nitroreductase Gene Whose Expression Is Coregulated with That of the acr Gene within Macrophages, in Standing versus Shaking Cultures, and under Low Oxygen Conditions

2002 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 1518-1529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjan Purkayastha ◽  
Lee Ann McCue ◽  
Kathleen A. McDonough
Keyword(s):  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Macrophage Infection ◽  
Multiple Sequence ◽  
Host Environment ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Oxygen Conditions

ABSTRACT Tuberculosis remains a leading killer worldwide, and new approaches for its treatment and prevention are urgently needed. This effort will benefit greatly from a better understanding of gene regulation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, particularly with respect to this pathogen's response to its host environment. We examined the behavior of two promoters from the divergently transcribed M. tuberculosis genes acr/hspX/Rv2031c (α-crystallin homolog) and Rv2032/acg (acr-coregulated gene) by using a promoter-GFP fusion assay in Mycobacterium bovis BCG. We found that Rv2032 is a novel macrophage-induced gene whose expression is coregulated with that of acr. Relative levels of intracellular induction for both promoters were significantly affected by shallow standing versus shaking bacterial culture conditions prior to macrophage infection, and both promoters were strongly induced under low oxygen conditions. Deletion analyses showed that DNA sequences within a 43-bp region were required for expression of these promoters under all conditions. Multiple sequence alignment and database searches performed with PROBE indicated that Rv2032 is one of eight M. tuberculosis genes of previously unknown function that belong to an unusual superfamily of classical nitroreductases, which may have a role for bacteria within the host environment. These findings show that mycobacterial culture conditions can greatly influence the results and interpretation of subsequent gene regulation experiments. We propose that these differences might be exploited for dissection of the regulatory factors that affect mycobacterial gene expression within the host.

Effect of low oxygen concentration on activation of inflammation by Helicobacter pylori

2021 ◽  
Vol 560 ◽  
pp. 179-185
Author(s):  
Adiza Abass ◽  
Tokuju Okano ◽  
Kotchakorn Boonyaleka ◽  
Ryo Kinoshita-Daitoku ◽  
Shoji Yamaoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Low Oxygen Concentration

scholarly journals Identification and Functional Analysis of ThADH1 and ThADH4 Genes Involved in Tolerance to Waterlogging Stress in Taxodium hybrid ‘Zhongshanshan 406’

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 225
Author(s):  
Lei Xuan ◽  
Jianfeng Hua ◽  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Zhiquan Wang ◽  
Xiaoxiao Pei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Metabolism ◽  
Flooding Tolerance ◽  
Transcriptome Data ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Waterlogging Tolerance ◽  
Waterlogging Stress ◽  
Adh Genes ◽  
Oxygen Conditions ◽  
Stems And Leaves

The Taxodium hybrid ‘Zhongshanshan 406’ (T. hybrid ‘Zhongshanshan 406’) [Taxodium mucronatum Tenore × Taxodium distichum (L.). Rich] has an outstanding advantage in flooding tolerance and thus has been widely used in wetland afforestation in China. Alcohol dehydrogenase genes (ADHs) played key roles in ethanol metabolism to maintain energy supply for plants in low-oxygen conditions. Two ADH genes were isolated and characterized—ThADH1 and ThADH4 (GenBank ID: AWL83216 and AWL83217—basing on the transcriptome data of T. hybrid ‘Zhongshanshan 406’ grown under waterlogging stress. Then the functions of these two genes were investigated through transient expression and overexpression. The results showed that the ThADH1 and ThADH4 proteins both fall under ADH III subfamily. ThADH1 was localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus, whereas ThADH4 was only localized in the cytoplasm. The expression of the two genes was stimulated by waterlogging and the expression level in roots was significantly higher than those in stems and leaves. The respective overexpression of ThADH1 and ThADH4 in Populus caused the opposite phenotype, while waterlogging tolerance of the two transgenic Populus significantly improved. Collectively, these results indicated that genes ThADH1 and ThADH4 were involved in the tolerance and adaptation to anaerobic conditions in T. hybrid ‘Zhongshanshan 406’.

The Constant Low Oxygen Concentration in All the Target Cells for Mouse Tail Radionecrosis

1982 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 172 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Hendry ◽  
J. V. Moore ◽  
B. W. Hodgson ◽  
J. P. Keene
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Low Oxygen Concentration

Pilot-scale production of cloudy juice from low-quality pear fruit under low-oxygen conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 827-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domien De Paepe ◽  
Katleen Coudijzer ◽  
Bart Noten ◽  
Dirk Valkenborg ◽  
Kelly Servaes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Pear Fruit ◽  
Pilot Scale Production ◽  
Oxygen Conditions

scholarly journals The radiosensitising effect of gemcitabine and its main metabolite dFdU under low oxygen conditions is in vitro not dependent on functional HIF-1 protein

BMC Cancer ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
An Wouters ◽  
Bea Pauwels ◽  
Natalie Burrows ◽  
Marc Baay ◽  
Vanessa Deschoolmeester ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Main Metabolite ◽  
Oxygen Conditions
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