scholarly journals The effect of the in vitro supplementation of exogenous long-chain fatty acids on bovine sperm cell function

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 947 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kiernan ◽  
A. G. Fahey ◽  
S. Fair
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Superoxide Production ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Bovine Sperm ◽  
Production Experiment ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

This study aimed to investigate the effects of long-chain fatty acids (α-linolenic acid (ALA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), linoleic acid (LA), oleic acid (OA) and palmitic acid (PA)) at concentrations of 10–100 µM, on extended bull spermatozoa stored in vitro for up to 7 days. Progressive linear motion (PLM), viability (Experiments 1–3), ability to penetrate artificial mucus (Experiment 1), reactive oxygen species (ROS; Experiment 2) and superoxide production (Experiment 3) were assessed. Spermatozoa maintained the ability to penetrate artificial mucus up to Day 4, irrespective of treatment. In Experiments 2 and 3, DHA and EPA had detrimental effects on PLM and viability. PA preserved PLM and viability at levels greater than the control (P < 0.05), whilst keeping ROS levels to a minimum, particularly on Days 1 and 3 (P < 0.01) when ROS generation peaked in other treatments. In contrast, superoxide production peaked on Day 0 (Experiment 3) and declined thereafter with no significant effect of fatty acid. This study supports the notion that superoxide dominates on Day 0, whereas its breakdown products, hydrogen peroxide and the hydroxyl radical as assessed by CM-H2DCFDA, contribute to ROS generation on subsequent days.

scholarly journals Rumen Fermentation In Vitro as Influenced by Long Chain Fatty Acids

1984 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 1439-1444 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Chalupa ◽  
Bonnie Rickabaugh ◽  
D. Kronfeld ◽  
S. David Sklan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

scholarly journals The Multifunctional β-Oxidation Enzyme Is Required for Full Symptom Development by the Biotrophic Maize Pathogen Ustilago maydis

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 2047-2061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Klose ◽  
James W. Kronstad
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Ustilago Maydis ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Metabolic Role ◽  
Fungal Phytopathogen ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

ABSTRACT The transition from yeast-like to filamentous growth in the biotrophic fungal phytopathogen Ustilago maydis is a crucial event for pathogenesis. Previously, we showed that fatty acids induce filamentation in U. maydis and that the resulting hyphal cells resemble the infectious filaments observed in planta. To explore the potential metabolic role of lipids in the morphological transition and in pathogenic development in host tissue, we deleted the mfe2 gene encoding the multifunctional enzyme that catalyzes the second and third reactions in β-oxidation of fatty acids in peroxisomes. The growth of the strains defective in mfe2 was attenuated on long-chain fatty acids and abolished on very-long-chain fatty acids. The mfe2 gene was not generally required for the production of filaments during mating in vitro, but loss of the gene blocked extensive proliferation of fungal filaments in planta. Consistent with this observation, mfe2 mutants exhibited significantly reduced virulence in that only 27% of infected seedlings produced tumors compared to 88% tumor production upon infection by wild-type strains. Similarly, a defect in virulence was observed in developing ears upon infection of mature maize plants. Specifically, the absence of the mfe2 gene delayed the development of teliospores within mature tumor tissue. Overall, these results indicate that the ability to utilize host lipids contributes to the pathogenic development of U. maydis.

Synthesis in vitro of very long chain fatty acids in Vibrio sp. strain ABE-1

1992 ◽  
Vol 157 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoki Morita ◽  
Nobuhiro Okajima ◽  
Masaru Gotoh ◽  
Hideyuki Hayashi ◽  
Hidetoshi Okuyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

scholarly journals Polyenoic very-long-chain fatty acids mobilize intracellular calcium from a thapsigargin-insensitive pool in human neutrophils. The relationship between Ca2+ mobilization and superoxide production induced by long- and very-long-chain fatty acids

1995 ◽  
Vol 311 (2) ◽  
pp. 689-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
S J Hardy ◽  
B S Robinson ◽  
A Ferrante ◽  
C S T Hii ◽  
D W Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Superoxide Production ◽  
Human Neutrophils ◽  
Carbon Chain Length ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Fatty acids with more than 22 carbon atoms (very-long-chain fatty acids; VLCFAs) are normal cellular components that have been implicated in the pathophysiology of a number of peroxisomal disorders. To date, however, essentially nothing is known regarding their biological activities. Ca2+ mobilization is an important intracellular signalling system for a variety of agonists and cell types. Given that several polyunsaturated long-chain fatty acids mobilize intracellular Ca2+ and that we have postulated that the VLCFAs may be involved in signal transduction, we examined whether the tetraenoic VLCFA induced Ca2+ mobilization in human neutrophils. We report that fatty acid-induced intracellular Ca2+ mobilization declined for fatty acid species of more than 20 carbon atoms, but increased again as the carbon chain length approached 30. This Ca2+ mobilization occurred independently of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate production and protein kinase C translocation and involved both the release of Ca2+ from the intracellular stores and changes to the influx or efflux of the ion. We further observed that triacontatetraenoic acid [30:4(n-6)] mobilized Ca2+ from a thapsigargin-insensitive intracellular pool distinct from the thapsigargin-sensitive pools affected by arachidonic acid [20:4(n - 6)] or N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (fMLP). 20:4 (n - 6) induced strong superoxide production (chemiluminescence) which was inhibited by thapsigargin pretreatment. In contrast, fatty acid-induced superoxide production progressively declined as the carbon chain length increased beyond 20-22 carbon atoms. Further studies suggested that the thapsigargin-insensitive Ca2+ mobilization elicited by 30:4 (n - 6) was not related to oxyradical formation, while the thapsigargin-sensitive Ca2+ mobilization induced by 20:4 (n - 6) may be involved in the initiation but not necessarily the maintenance of superoxide production. In conclusion, this is the first report to demonstrate a biological activity for the VLCFA and indicates that 30:4 (n - 6) influences second messenger systems in intact cells that differ from those affected by long-chain fatty acids such as 20:4 (n - 6).

scholarly journals In Vitro Conversion of Long-Chain Fatty Acids to Ketones by Bovine Rumen Mucosa

1968 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 715-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A. Cook ◽  
A.D. McGilliard ◽  
Marlene Richard
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Bovine Rumen ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Release of essential fatty acids from the rat mesenteric vascular bed perfused in vitro: modulation by zinc

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 903-907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen C. Cunnane ◽  
Bassam A. Nassar
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Perfusion Medium ◽  
Vascular Bed ◽  
Mesenteric Vascular Bed ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

The rat mesenteric vascular bed releases prostaglandins when perfused in vitro. The present study evaluated the effect of perfusion of the rat mesenteric vascular bed in vitro with a buffer containing 0, 3, 6, or 9 nM of added zinc on the release of essential fatty acids over a 150-min period. Long chain fatty acids in the mesenteric lipids and in total lipid of the perfusion effluent were assayed by gas liquid chromatography. The presence of 6 nM zinc in the perfusing buffer almost completely prevented the change in 16–22 carbon long chain fatty acids in the mesenteric phospholipids and decreased the release of free fatty acids in comparison to that occurring in the absence of additional zinc. The results sugest that physiological amounts of zinc in the perfusion medium reduce the release of essential fatty acids from rat mesenteric lipids.Key words: zinc, phospholipid, linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, prostaglandin.

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