Restricted feed intake in lactating primiparous sows. I. Effects on sow metabolic state and subsequent reproductive performance

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 889 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Patterson ◽  
M. N. Smit ◽  
S. Novak ◽  
A. P. Wellen ◽  
G. R. Foxcroft
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Metabolic State ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Restricted Feed Intake ◽  
Intake Control

The effects of feed restriction (60% of anticipated feed intake; Restrict; n = 60) during the last week of a 21-day lactation in primiparous sows compared with feeding at 90% of anticipated feed intake (Control; n = 60) on sow metabolic state, litter growth and sow reproductive performance after weaning were compared. Metabolisable energy (ME) derived from feed was lower, ME derived from body tissues was higher and litter growth rate was reduced (all P < 0.05) in Restrict sows during the last week of lactation. Treatment did not affect weaning-to-oestrus interval, pregnancy rate, ovulation rate, embryonic survival or the number of live embryos (P > 0.05) at Day 30 of gestation: However, embryo weight was greater (P < 0.05) in Control than in Restrict sows (1.55 ± 0.04 vs 1.44 ± 0.04 g, respectively). These data suggest the biology of the commercial sow has changed and reproductive performance of contemporary primiparous sows is increasingly resistant to the negative effects of lactational catabolism. Overall, catabolism negatively affected litter weaning weight and embryonic development of the next litter, but the extent to which individual sows used tissue mobilisation to support these litter outcomes was highly variable.

AGEWEAN – The effect of weaning age on sow performance over four parities

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 85-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.L. Edge ◽  
K. Breuer ◽  
K. Hillman ◽  
C.A. Morgan ◽  
A. Stewart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Weaning Age ◽  
Weaning Pigs ◽  
Piglet Growth

Weaning pigs from the sow at an older age, when their digestive systems are more mature, has been suggested as an approach to reduce the potentially negative effect of the in-feed antibiotic growth promoter (AGP) ban on the national pig herd. Whilst this approach has been shown to improve feed intake and piglet growth rate during the early postweaning period (Edge et al. 2006) it is also important to consider how changes in weaning age may influence sow productivity and longevity in the herd. The AGEWEAN programme of research followed 570 gilts whose piglets were weaned at either 4, 6 or 8 weeks of age through four successive parities; reproductive performance, litter data and the timing and reasons for any sow being culled from the herd were recorded.

EFFECTS OF DIETARY VITAMIN A ON GROWTH AND REPRODUCTION IN RABBITS

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. PAYNE ◽  
E. DONEFER ◽  
R. D. BAKER
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Slight Excess ◽  
Ocular Lesions ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

Twenty-four, 4-week-old rabbits were fed diets to provide 0, 3, 6, and 12 μg vitamin A per kg bodyweight per day. After 17 weeks, rabbits on the 0 level exhibited significantly lower feed intake and growth rate and all six animals died before the completion of the 24-week feeding period. The six rabbits on the 3-μg level developed ocular lesions and five died before the completion of the trial. Avitaminosis A was less prevalent on the higher levels with no deaths on the 12-μg diet. Reproductive performance of a surviving male continued on the 3-μg level was characterized by absence of spermatogenesis. Mature males placed on the same ration did not exhibit decreased reproductive function. Reproductive performance of surviving females was directly related to vitamin A level. Offspring from females on the 3-, 6-, and 12-μig levels all exhibited avitaminosis A with per cent surviving 14 days at 0, 15, and 59, respectively. Minimal daily vitamin A requirement for young growing rabbits and breeding males would appear to be approximately 8 μg/Wkg whereas a vitamin A intake in slight excess of 14 μg/Wkg was inadequate for optimum reproductive performance in female rabbits.

THE INFLUENCE OF RESTRICTED FEED INTAKE OF CONFINEMENT-REARED PULLETS ON THEIR PERFORMANCE DURING THE LAYING PERIOD

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. Gardiner ◽  
T. M. MacIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Measurable Effect ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Restricted Feed Intake

Two experiments were conducted to measure some of the effects of varying the length and the degree of feed restriction of confinement-reared pullets on laying-house performance. In general, increases in the length of time of restriction were followed by an increase in the number of days required to reach 50 per cent production, an increase in the initial egg size (first 8000 eggs), and a decrease in body weight at either 21 or 22 weeks of age. Feed restriction, in most cases, changed the pattern of egg production so that the birds came into production later than full-fed birds but subsequently "peaked" at a higher rate of production and maintained a higher rate of production for the remainder of the experimental period. Restricting the feed intake of the growing pullets resulted in a substantial feed saving during the growing period, but had no measurable effect on feed consumption during the laying period.

The effect on litter performance at birth of feeding gilts fermented liquid feed (FLF), non-fermented liquid feed (NFLF) or dry feed (DF) for 14 days pre-farrowing

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 ◽  
pp. 68-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.A. Tsourgiannis ◽  
V. Demečková ◽  
J. Eddison ◽  
P.H. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Foetal Growth ◽  
Liquid Feed ◽  
Reproductive Life

Feeding and management during gestation focuses on preparing the sow for parturition and lactation. Despite improvements in husbandry in recent years, mortality remains around 10% and may be increasing (Herpin et al., (1993). Cole, (1990) found that foetal growth rate in the last trimester of pregnancy increases dramatically compared with early and mid-gestation and Cromwell et al., (1989) reported that a 75% increase in feed intake during the last 23 days of gestation increased reproductive performance and also increased birth weight of piglets (1.48 vs. 1.44, P < 0.003). Results from previous studies have also shown that an increase in feed intake from 2.3 kg to 3.9 kg per day can reduce sow backfat loss during the reproductive cycle and increases reproductive life (Miller et al., 2000). The study reported here investigated the influence of three different diet forms fed to gestating gilts for 14 days pre-farrowing, on litter characteristics at birth.

Effect of oestradiol -17β implantation on responses of Frieslan steers to dietary UDP concentration

1986 ◽  
Vol 1986 ◽  
pp. 24-24
Author(s):  
J.R. Newbold ◽  
P.J. Buttery ◽  
O.J.A. Cole ◽  
P.C. Garnsworthy ◽  
W. Haresign
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Metabolisable Energy

An experiment was designed to assess the effect of altered growth potential (oestradiol status) on the response of intensively-reared steers to variations in UDP concentration. Observed growth responses were compared with those predicted by current protein evaluation schemes (ARC, 1980, 1984).Nine steers implanted with oestradiol -17β (‘Compudose 365’, Elanco Ltd) and nine non-implanted steers were fed on each of four diets from approximately 130 to 300 kg liveweight. The all-concentrate, iso-energetic diets used supplied a constant level of RDP slightly above that recommended by ARC (1980) and levels of UDP both above and below ARC (1980) recommendations (Table 1).Dry matter intake was recorded daily and liveweight weekly. The metabolisable energy system (MAFF, 1984) and the ARC (1980, 1984) protein evaluation system were applied to the feed intake and diet composition results recorded during the experiment in order to generate predictions of growth rate for each treatment which could then be compared with the observed growth rate.

EFFECT OF DIET COMPLEXITY AND FEED RESTRICTION ON THE INCIDENCE AND SEVERITY OF DIARRHEA IN EARLY-WEANED PIGS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 907-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. O. BALL ◽  
F. X. AHERNE
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Feeding Method ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Pig Performance ◽  
Postweaning Diarrhea ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding ◽  
Crossbred Pigs ◽  
Restricted Feed Intake

Seventy-two crossbred pigs were weaned at 3 wk of age and fed either a simple or semicomplex diet. Each diet was fed at three levels of feed intake: ad libitum, restricted intake by limiting time exposed to the feeder and restricted feed intake by regulating the amount of feed per day. The effects of diet and feeding system were assessed by monitoring piglet performance and incidence and severity of diarrhea. Diet complexity did not significantly affect pig performance. Restriction of feed intake significantly reduced performance compared to that of pigs fed ad libitum. There was no significant difference in performance between pigs fed by either of the two methods of feed restriction. The diarrhea which occurred with pigs fed the semicomplex diet was significantly more severe (P < 0.01) than that which occurred with those fed the simple diet. Restriction of feed intake by weight of food fed significantly reduced the incidence and severity of postweaning diarrhea. Limiting time exposed to the feeder was not a satisfactory method of reducing diarrhea as it resulted in greater incidence of diarrhea than did ad libitum feeding. Diarrhea significantly reduced performance. Restricting feed intake by the methods used in this experiment reduced performance more than did the diarrhea. The number of days taken to reach 90-kg liveweight was not affected by diet complexity, feeding method or diarrhea in the immediate postweaning period. Key words: Diet complexity, feed restriction, pig diarrhea

Biotransformation of trichothecenes alleviates the negative effects of T-2 toxin in pigs

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pál Rafai ◽  
Zoltán Papp ◽  
László Jakab
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Growing Pig ◽  
Effect Level

Between 49 and 70 days of age, three groups of growing pigs (n = 10 each) were fed diets containing 0, 0.3 and 0.5 mg/kg T-2 toxin, respectively, for 21 days. The feed of another two groups of pigs (n = 10 each) contained 0.3 or 0.5 mg/kg T-2 toxin, respectively, plus a feed additive developed for splitting up the molecular structure of Fusarium toxins, in particular trichothecenes, by deepoxidation of the molecule, at 2 kg/tonne concentration. One group (n = 10) served as positive control; their feed was free from T-2 toxin but contained the feed additive at the above concentration. Toxin concentrations at these low dietary levels impaired the feed intake and growth rate of pigs. The feed additive alleviated the negative effects and justified its potential for prevention. Data of the present study indicated a 0.2 mg/kg feed no observed effect level (NOEL) of T-2 toxin in growing pig feeds.

REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE AND MEAT PRODUCTION OF GILTS BRED AT PUBERTY AND RESTRICTED IN FEED INTAKE

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 877-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. FRIEND ◽  
J. I. ELLIOT ◽  
A. FORTIN ◽  
E. LARMOND ◽  
M. S. WOLYNETZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
The Other ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Total Percentage ◽  
Percentage Yield

Sixty-one gilts, bred at puberty, were fed 1.2 kg of diet daily until day 84 of pregnancy, 1.4 kg to day 99 then 1.6 kg to farrowing. Thirty of their litters were weaned at 21 days (21 W), the others within 12 h of birth (0 W); 28 of the gilts were marketed 12 ± 3 days postweaning, the others were re-bred. Twenty-two unbred gilts were treated similarly to the bred gilts and 13 additional gilts selected at 91 kg body weight were used as conventional, market weight pigs. Age at puberty averaged 164 days; bred gilts were heavier than unbred at 85 and 100 days gestation. Number of piglets born averaged 9.1 total and 8.5 alive. Carcasses of the weaned gilts were lighter in weight than those of the unbred controls and had less backfat thickness than the lighter market weight pigs; total percentage yield of trimmed, deboned meat was not affected significantly. There were no significant differences in flavor, juiciness and tenderness of loin (m. longissimus) and ham (m. semimembranosus) meat between the market weight carcasses and those of the other four groups. Weaning to breeding interval for the 21 W and 0 W gilts bred for a second time averaged 23 and 38 days and embryo mortality was 15 and 21%, respectively, at 30 ± 3 days gestation. Key words: Puberty, gilts, feed restriction, once-bred, meat quality

scholarly journals Assessment of the Growth and Reproductive Performance of Cloned Pietrain Boars

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2053
Author(s):  
Junsong Shi ◽  
Baohua Tan ◽  
Lvhua Luo ◽  
Zicong Li ◽  
Linjun Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
F1 Progeny

How to maximize the use of the genetic merits of the high-ranking boars (also called superior ones) is a considerable question in the pig breeding industry, considering the money and time spent on selection. Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is one of the potential ways to answer the question, which can be applied to produce clones with genetic resources of superior boar for the production of commercial pigs. For practical application, it is essential to investigate whether the clones and their progeny keep behaving better than the “normal boars”, considering that in vitro culture and transfer manipulation would cause a series of harmful effects to the development of clones. In this study, 59,061 cloned embryos were transferred into 250 recipient sows to produce the clones of superior Pietrain boars. The growth performance of 12 clones and 36 non-clones and the semen quality of 19 clones and 28 non-clones were compared. The reproductive performance of 21 clones and 25 non-clones were also tested. Furthermore, we made a comparison in the growth performance between 466 progeny of the clones and 822 progeny of the non-clones. Our results showed that no significant difference in semen quality and reproductive performance was observed between the clones and the non-clones, although the clones grew slower and exhibited smaller body size than the non-clones. The F1 progeny of the clones showed a greater growth rate than the non-clones. Our results demonstrated through the large animal population showed that SCNT manipulation resulted in a low growth rate and small body size, but the clones could normally produce F1 progeny with excellent growth traits to bring more economic benefits. Therefore, SCNT could be effective in enlarging the merit genetics of the superior boars and increasing the economic benefits in pig reproduction and breeding.

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