Epigenetic control of development and expression of quantitative traits

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène Jammes ◽  
Claudine Junien ◽  
Pascale Chavatte-Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Epigenetic Control ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Epigenetic Processes

In recent years, it has become increasingly clear that epigenetic regulation of gene expression is critical during embryo development and subsequently during pre- and post-natal life. The phenotype of an individual is the result of complex interactions between genotype and current, past and ancestral environment leading to a lifelong remodelling of its epigenome. Practically, if the genome was compared with the hardware in a computer, the epigenome would be the software that directs the computer’s operation. This review points to the importance of epigenetic processes for genome function in various biological processes, such as embryo development and the expression of quantitative traits.

scholarly journals Activity of epigenetic inhibitors against Plasmodium falciparum asexual and sexual blood stages

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leen Vanheer ◽  
Björn F.C. Kafsack
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Malaria Parasite ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Promising Target ◽  
Parasite Survival ◽  
Epigenetic Processes

AbstractRegulation of gene expression by epigenetic processes is critical for malaria parasite survival in multiple life stages. To evaluate the suitability of targeting these pathways we screened 350 epigenetic inhibitors against asexual blood stages and gametocytes of P. falciparum. We observed ≥90% inhibition at 10 µM for 28% of compounds, of which a third retained ≥90% inhibition at 1 µM. These results suggest epigenetic regulation as a promising target for the development of new multi-stage anti-malarials.

scholarly journals Teaching Epigenetic Regulation of Gene Expression Is Critical in 21st-Century Science Education: Key Concepts & Teaching Strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 372-380
Author(s):  
Ishwariya Venkatesh ◽  
Khadijah Makky
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Epigenetic Control ◽  
Academic Communities ◽  
The Core ◽  
Eukaryotic Gene ◽  
Core Concepts ◽  
Core Components

The field of epigenetics is progressing rapidly and becoming indispensable to the study of fundamental gene regulation. Recent advances are redefining our understanding of core components that regulate gene expression during development and in human diseases. Scientific knowledge on the importance of epigenetic regulation is now well known and accepted, and it is not surprising to see epigenetics being introduced into many biology curricula at the high school and college levels. Yet the core concepts of epigenetic regulation are differently perceived by the academic communities. Therefore, it is critical that fundamental concepts of epigenetic regulation are taught to the next generation in a simple yet precise manner to avoid any misconceptions. To that end, this article starts by distilling the extensive scientific literature on epigenetic control of gene regulation into a simple primer on the core fundamental concepts. Next and more importantly, it provides suggestions for student-friendly classroom practices and activities that are centered on these core concepts to ensure that students both recognize and retain knowledge on the importance of epigenetic control in eukaryotic gene regulation.

Review of Progress in Predicting Protein Methylation Sites

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (15) ◽  
pp. 1663-1670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunyan Ao ◽  
Shunshan Jin ◽  
Yuan Lin ◽  
Quan Zou
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Transcriptional Activity ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Protein Methylation ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Post Translational Modification ◽  
Regulatory Enzymes ◽  
Lysine Residues ◽  
Arginine Residues

Protein methylation is an important and reversible post-translational modification that regulates many biological processes in cells. It occurs mainly on lysine and arginine residues and involves many important biological processes, including transcriptional activity, signal transduction, and the regulation of gene expression. Protein methylation and its regulatory enzymes are related to a variety of human diseases, so improved identification of methylation sites is useful for designing drugs for a variety of related diseases. In this review, we systematically summarize and analyze the tools used for the prediction of protein methylation sites on arginine and lysine residues over the last decade.

scholarly journals Transcription Factors as the “Blitzkrieg” of Plant Defense: A Pragmatic View of Nitric Oxide’s Role in Gene Regulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 522
Author(s):  
Noreen Falak ◽  
Qari Muhammad Imran ◽  
Adil Hussain ◽  
Byung-Wook Yun
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Plant Defense ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
Transcriptional Changes

Plants are in continuous conflict with the environmental constraints and their sessile nature demands a fine-tuned, well-designed defense mechanism that can cope with a multitude of biotic and abiotic assaults. Therefore, plants have developed innate immunity, R-gene-mediated resistance, and systemic acquired resistance to ensure their survival. Transcription factors (TFs) are among the most important genetic components for the regulation of gene expression and several other biological processes. They bind to specific sequences in the DNA called transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) that are present in the regulatory regions of genes. Depending on the environmental conditions, TFs can either enhance or suppress transcriptional processes. In the last couple of decades, nitric oxide (NO) emerged as a crucial molecule for signaling and regulating biological processes. Here, we have overviewed the plant defense system, the role of TFs in mediating the defense response, and that how NO can manipulate transcriptional changes including direct post-translational modifications of TFs. We also propose that NO might regulate gene expression by regulating the recruitment of RNA polymerase during transcription.

scholarly journals Function of cofactor Akirin2 in the regulation of gene expression in model human Caucasian neutrophil-like HL60 cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Artigas-Jerónimo ◽  
Margarita Villar ◽  
Agustín Estrada-Peña ◽  
Adrián Velázquez-Campoy ◽  
Pilar Alberdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Neural Development ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Protein Targets ◽  
Chromatin Remodelers ◽  
Hl60 Cells ◽  
Associated Proteins

The Akirin family of transcription cofactors are involved throughout the metazoan in the regulation of different biological processes such as immunity, interdigital regression, muscle and neural development. Akirin do not have catalytic or DNA-binding capability and exert its regulatory function primarily through interacting proteins such as transcription factors, chromatin remodelers, and RNA-associated proteins. In this study, we focused on the human Akirin2 regulome and interactome in neutrophil-like model human Caucasian promyelocytic leukemia HL60 cells. Our hypothesis is that metazoan evolved to have Akirin2 functional complements and different Akirin2-mediated mechanisms for the regulation of gene expression. To address this hypothesis, experiments were conducted using transcriptomics, proteomics and systems biology approaches in akirin2 knockdown and wildtype HL60 cells to characterize Akirin2 gene/protein targets, functional complements and to provide evidence of different mechanisms that may be involved in Akirin2-mediated regulation of gene expression. The results revealed Akirin2 gene/protein targets in multiple biological processes with higher representation of immunity and identified immune response genes as candidate Akirin2 functional complements. In addition to linking chromatin remodelers with transcriptional activation, Akirin2 also interacts with histone H3.1 for regulation of gene expression.

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