Effect of pretreatment with insulin on the response of buffaloes with inactive ovaries to gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist treatment in summer

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adel A. Ramoun ◽  
Khalid T. Osman ◽  
Samy A. Darwish ◽  
Aly M. Karen ◽  
Magdy H. Gamal
Keyword(s):  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dominant Follicle ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Sterile Saline ◽  
Induction Rate ◽  
Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Egyptian Buffalo ◽  
Buffalo Cow

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a pretreatment with insulin on the response of buffalo cows with inactive ovaries to gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) treatment during hot summer months (July and August). Thirty-six Egyptian buffalo cows with inactive ovaries were randomly allocated into three groups: (1) group treated with GnRHa (G1, n = 16) in which each buffalo received an intramuscular injection of 250 mg of GnRHa (Day 0; gonadorelin, Fertagyl); (2) group treated with insulin before the GnRHa injection (G2, n = 8) in which each buffalo received a subcutaneous injection of biphasic insulin at a dose of 0.25 IU kg–1 bodyweight once daily starting at Day –3 for 3 consecutive days, followed by an intramuscular injection of 250 mg of GnRHa on Day 0; and (3) the control group (G3, n = 12) in which each buffalo cow received an intramuscular injection of 2.5 mL of sterile saline on Day 0. The ovaries of all animals were examined by trans-rectal ultrasonography (5 MHz) on Days –7, –3 and 0 and continued thereafter at 4-day intervals until oestrus or the end of the experiment. On the same days that ultrasound examinations were performed blood samples were collected to measure the progesterone concentrations. Administration of insulin for 3 days before GnRHa injection (G2) significantly (P < 0.05) increased the diameter of the largest follicle from 6.85 ± 0.64 to 12.4 ± 0.88 mm. There was a significant (P < 0.01) increase in the oestrous induction rate in G2 compared with both G1 and G3 during the first 12 days after the treatment interval. It is concluded that pretreatment with insulin for 3 days before GnRHa injection increases the diameter of the dominant follicle and therefore the oestrous induction rate of acyclic buffaloes.

scholarly journals Immunisation against gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) reduces agonistic behaviours in male rangeland goats

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 1882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine C. Bishop ◽  
Patricia A. Fleming ◽  
Anne L. Barnes ◽  
Teresa Collins ◽  
David W. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Social Stress ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Agonistic Interactions ◽  
Testosterone Concentration ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Sterile Saline ◽  
Scrotal Circumference ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone

Rangeland goat bucks were used to evaluate the efficacy of a commercially available anti-gonadotrophin-releasing hormone vaccine, Improvac (Zoetis Australia, West Ryde, NSW, Australia). The hypothesis tested was that immunisation would suppress testosterone secretion by the testis and agonistic behaviour between male goats. We also compared intervals of 2 and 4 weeks between primary and booster immunisations and monitored responses over a 2-month period. The 45 goats were split into three groups (n = 15): one group receiving the vaccination booster on Day 14, one group receiving the vaccination booster on Day 28, and the Control group receiving sterile saline injections. Body mass, body condition score and scrotal circumference were measured fortnightly, and blood was collected at 2-week intervals and analysed for testosterone concentration. Behavioural interaction tests of 2-min duration were also conducted fortnightly. There was a significant decrease in paired testicular circumference (P < 0.05) and testosterone concentration (P < 0.01) in both vaccination groups by the end of the experiment at Day 60, compared with the Control group. Agonistic interactions measured at Day 60 were significantly reduced in both vaccination groups (P < 0.05) compared with the Control group. These results support the efficacy of Improvac in reducing agonistic behaviours in rangeland goat bucks and suggest that the use of the vaccine may assist in reducing social stress and possible injury in groups of confined male goats.

Effect of Experimentally Induced Chronic Kidney disease on Skeletal, Cardiac and Smooth Muscle fibers of albino rat

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghada Lotfy ◽  
Amel Soliman ◽  
Nevine Bahaa ◽  
Mohammed Hegazi
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Lateral Wall ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Group Ii

Abstract Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD), or chronic renal failure (CRF) as it was historically termed, includes all degrees of decreased renal function, starting from mild, and moderate, to severe chronic kidney failure. Skeletal muscle atrophy frequently complicates the course of CKD and is associated with excess morbidity and mortality. Cardiovascular diseases have been reported to be the leading causes of death in CKD patients. Chronic Kidney Disease was also reported to be associated with an increased incidence of acid-related gastrointestinal disorders. Aim of the work The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of chronic kidney disease experimentally induced by gentamicin intramuscular injection on the histological structure of gastrocnemius skeletal muscle, left ventricular cardiac muscle and smooth muscle fibers of lower esophagus. Materials and methods Twenty male adult Wistar albino rats were randomly and equally divided into two groups. Group I (control group) received physiological saline intramuscular injection, once daily for 28 consecutive days, in a dose equivalent to that taken in group II. Group II (Gentamicin-treated group) were given Gentamicin intramuscular injection for induction of CKD. Gentamicin was given as Gentamycin sulfate, 40 mg/ml (Sandoz, Switzerland), once daily, in a dose of 80 mg/kg/day for 28 days to induce CKD. After 28 days of the first injection of gentamicin, rats were anaesthetized and blood samples were collected to measure the level of serum urea and creatinine. The left kidneys, the middle third of left gastrocnemius muscle, the lateral wall of left ventricle (LV) and the gastroesophageal junction of all rats of both groups (I and II) were processed for light microscopic study. The middle third of left gastrocnemius muscle, the lateral wall of left ventricle (LV) were further processed for transmission electron microscopic study. Histomorphometrical and statistical analysis were also done. Results The LM examination revealed moderate obliteration of glomeruli, dilatation in some renal tubules and collapse in others, mainly in distal convoluted tubules, with significant fibrosis of renal parenchyma. Serum urea and creatinine levels were increased significantly. The skeletal muscle fibers of the rats in group II (CKD) showed focal areas of myofibers degeneration with siginificant fibrosis. The cardiac muscle fibers of the rats in the group II (CKD) showed focal areas of cardiomyocytes degeneration and other areas of significantly hypertrophied fibers. The smooth muscle fibers of the lower esophageal sphincter of the rats in group II (CKD) showed no significant structural changes compared with the control group, however, the myenetric plexus showed multiple pyknotic and karyolitic nuclei with vacuolated cytoplasm. In addition, insignificant increase in the amount of collagen fibers was observed in almost all layers. Conclusion CKD produced moderate atrophy of skeletal muscle fibers, significant increase in the cardiomyocyte size and no significant structural effect of smooth muscle fibers of the lower esophageal sphincter.

Effects of a preovulatory administered depot gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist on reproductive hormone levels and pregnancy outcome in gilts

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 857 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Schneider ◽  
K.-P. Brüssow
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Luteal Function ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Estrone Sulfate ◽  
Endocrine Parameters ◽  
Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Lh Secretion ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Implantation Period

The present study aimed to explore the influence of a preovulatory administered depot gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist (GnRHa; Decapeptyl®Depot) on the endocrine parameters and pregnancy outcome of gilts (n = 6). A GnRHa-supported preovulatory luteinising hormone (LH) surge was detected in all treated gilts. LH pulses were abolished completely by depot GnRHa on Day 7 and partly on Day 21 of pregnancy. In this treatment group (n = 6) four gilts were pregnant at slaughter on Day 28. In the control group receiving Gonavet®, a non-formulated GnRHa (n = 6), all pigs showed LH pulses and were pregnant at slaughter on Day 28 of gestation. Mean progesterone concentrations were elevated in controls during the early luteal phase and were similar for both groups during the implantation period. Mean concentration of unoccupied progesterone receptor was significantly higher in uterine myometrium than in endometrium, but without treatment effects. Peripheral estrone sulfate concentrations showed a similar increase in all pregnant gilts on Days 17 and 18, and remained elevated. In summary, treatment with a depot GnRHa for synchronisation of ovulation alters pulsatile LH secretion during early pregnancy in pigs. In general, this alteration seems not to exert an injurious influence on luteal function and, therefore, on embryo and early fetal development.

scholarly journals The reproductive performance of dairy cows with anovulatory anoestrus that were injected with either gonadotrophin-releasing hormone or oestradiol benzoate as part of a re-treatment process after insemination

2007 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
B.V.E. Segwagwe ◽  
J. Malmo ◽  
K.L. Macmillan ◽  
P.D. Mansell
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Start Date ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate ◽  
Conception Rates ◽  
Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone

This experiment compared the reproductive performance of synchronised anoestrous dairy cows that were treated initially with a combination of progesterone and oestradiol benzoate and then with either gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) or oestradiol benzoate to resynchronise returns to service. It was hypothesised that injecting anoestrous dairy cows with GnRH 12-15 days after insemination and coinciding with the time of insertion of a controlled intravaginal progesterone-releasing (CIDR) device would increase conception rates to the preceding 1st insemination compared with oestradiol benzoate treated cows; both GnRH and oestradiol benzoate would resynchronising the returns to service of those cows that did not conceive to the preceding insemination. Groups of cows in 11 herds were presented for a veterinary examination after they had not been seen in oestrus postpartum. Those cows diagnosed with anovulatory anoestrus (n = 1112) by manual rectal palpation and / or ultrasonography were enrolled in the trial. Each enrolled cow was injected with 2mg oestradiol benzoate i.m. on Day -10, (where Day 0 was the 1st day of the planned insemination) concurrently with vaginal insertion of a CIDR device. The device inserted was withdrawn on Day -2 and then each cow injected i.m. with 1 mg of oestradiol benzoate on Day -1 unless it was in oestrus. Observation for oestrus preceded each insemination. Every cow that had been inseminated on Days -1,0,1 or 2 was presented for treatment for resynchrony on Day 14 (n=891). They were divided into 2 groups; those with an even number were each injected i.m. with 250 µg of a GnRH agonist (Treatment group n = 477); each of the cows with an odd number injected i.m. with 1mg of oestradiol benzoate (control group, n = 414). Each GnRH or oestradiol benzoate injection preceded reinsertion of a CIDR device previously inserted from Days -10 to -2. It was withdrawn on Day 22, 24 hours before injecting 1mg oestradiol benzoate. Cows observed in oestrus were submitted for a 2nd insemination. Every enrolled cow still present in the herd was pregnancy tested by palpation of uterine contents per rectum about 6 weeks later and again at the end of a herd's seasonal breeding programme. The alternative use of GnRH instead of oestradiol benzoate did not affect the percentage of cows conceiving within 3 days of the mating start date (MSD) (35.6 %vs 35.3 %, P=0.90), resubmission rates for a 2nd insemination among cows not pregnant to the 1st insemination (81.6 % vs 83.5 %, P=0.41), 6-week pregnancy rate (59.3 % vs 60.6 %, P=0.65), 21-week pregnancy rate (86.6 vs 85.0, P=0.36), mean interval from MSD to conception (32.5 + 1.8 days vs 29.9 + 1.8 days, P = 0.26) or conception rate of cows reinseminated by Day 28 (43.3 % vs 38.8 %, P=0.39). When GnRH conception rate of cows reinseminated by Day 28 (43.3% vs was compared with oestradiol benzoate, it did not increase conception rates to the 1st service; it was as effective as oestradiol benzoate in synchronising returns to service in previously treated anoestrous cows that did not conceive to the 1st service. Its use affected neither conception rates to the preceding 1st inseminations nor to the following 2nd inseminations.

Effect of cortisol on the response to gonadotrophin releasing hormone in the boar

1983 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Liptrap ◽  
J. I. Raeside
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Gland ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Hormonal Response ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Different Doses

The effect of intracarotid perfusion of 40 mg cortisol for 1 h on the hormonal response to three different doses of an intramuscular injection of synthetic gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) was compared to that of GnRH injected during intracarotid perfusion with 0·9% (w/v) NaCl solution in five boars. The increase in production of LH, above basal values, in response to injection of 0·25 μg GnRH midway through perfusion was only slightly greater (P > 0·05) in boars receiving cortisol compared to that when the same boars received saline. When 0·5 μg GnRH was injected midway through perfusion, a significantly greater (P<0·05) increase in production of LH above basal levels occurred during cortisol administration than occurred when saline was given. Injection of 1·0 μg GnRH in boars during cortisol perfusion resulted in significantly greater (P<0·01) production of LH, above basal levels, compared to the increase above basal levels that resulted when this dose of GnRH was given during intracarotid saline treatment. Increases in plasma values of testosterone reflected the increases in levels of LH. The results suggest that acute elevations in plasma cortisol may, under some circumstances, enhance the increased production of LH in the boar by increasing the responsiveness of the anterior pituitary gland to GnRH.

EFFECT OF LACTATION FEED INTAKE AND GONADOTROPHIN-RELEASING HORMONE ON THE REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF SOWS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 715-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. KIRKWOOD ◽  
E. S. LYTHGOE ◽  
F. X. AHERNE
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Feeding Level ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Estrus Detection ◽  
Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone ◽  
In Pregnancy

Twenty-four first parity and 48 multiparity crossbred sows (Yorkshire × Landrace) were used in a 2 × 2 factorial design involving high (H) or low (L) lactation feed intakes and the intramuscular injection, or not, of 50 μg of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) at the onset of the first postweaning estrus. All sows were weighed at farrowing and weaning. The H feed intake entailed feeding sows at levels of 10, 13, and 14% of each sow's immediate postfarrowing metabolic weight during weeks 1, 2, and 3–4 of lactation, respectively. Low-fed sows received 50% of the H feed level. The diet contained 12.5 MJ DE kg−1 and 16% crude protein. Between weaning and mating, and following mating, all sows were fed 2.25 kg daily of the lactation diet. After weaning, sows were exposed to a boar twice daily to facilitate estrus detection. GnRH was administered at the onset of standing heat. All sows were slaughtered 25 d after mating at which time the reproductive tracts were removed and examined to determine the number of ovulations and the number of viable embryos. Low-level feeding resulted in an extension of the remating interval (5.9 ± 0.3 vs. 4.5 ± 0.2 d; P < 0.05), an increased incidence of anestrus (16.7 vs. 3.6%; P > 0.1) and a reduction in pregnancy rates (69.7 vs. 81.6%; P > 0.1). Interactions were noted between lactation feeding level and GnRH injection (P < 0.05) and between parity and GnRH injection (P < 0.05) for number of viable embryos. The data obtained suggest that both low level of feeding during lactation and a young age are associated with decreased embryo numbers, but this situation is alleviated by the administration of GnRH. Key words: Sows, feed intake, estrus, GnRH

Ovine serum and pituitary isoforms of luteinising hormone during the luteal phase

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 485 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Arrieta ◽  
A. Porras ◽  
E. González-Padilla ◽  
C. Murcia ◽  
S. Rojas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Luteinising Hormone ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acidic Ph ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Relative Composition ◽  
Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone

The relative abundance of the different isoforms of pituitary and circulating luteinising hormone (LH) in ewes, at different times after the administration of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH), during the luteal phase of the oestrous cycle was investigated. Sixteen ewes on Day 9 of their cycle were divided into four groups (n = 4). The control group (T0) received saline solution; the remaining animals received 100 μg GnRH (i.m.) 30, 90 or 180 min (T30, T90 and T180, respectively) before serum and pituitary gland collection. Luteinising hormone polymorphism was analysed by chromatofocusing (pH 10.5–3.5). The LH eluted from each chromatofocusing was grouped on the basis of the following three criteria: (1) according to the pH of elution (pH ≥ 10–3.5); (2) as either a basic (pH ≥ 7.5), neutral (pH 7.4–6.5) and acidic (pH ≤ 6.4) elution of LH of serum and hypophyseal origin; and (3) on the basis of distinct isoforms, of which 10 (A–J) were identifiable in hypophyseal extracts and four (A–D) were found in the serum. In general, the most abundant forms of LH in both the pituitary and serum, at all times, were basic. However, that proportion was greater in hypophyseal extracts (84 ± 3%, 81 ± 4%, 82 ± 3% and 83 ± 2% at T0, T30, T90 and T180, respectively) than in serum (51 ± 5%, 48 ± 10% and 54 ± 6% at T30, T90 and T180, respectively). Neutral and acidic LH made up a larger proportion of the total LH in sera (neutral: 17 ± 4%, 20 ± 6% and 23 ± 3% at T30, T90 and T180, respectively; acidic: 32 ± 8%, 32 ± 11% and 23 ± 6% at T30, T90 and T180, respectively) than in the pituitary extracts (neutral: 4.0 ± 0.7%, 10 ± 4%, 7 ± 2% and 5.0 ± 0.5% at T0, T30, T90 and T180, respectively; acidic: 12 ± 3%, 11 ± 2%, 12 ± 2% and 12 ± 2% at T0, T30, T90 and T180, respectively) at all times. These data reveal that the relative composition of the LH present in the pituitary gland and the LH secreted into the circulation is different, with more neutral and acidic isoforms being secreted. The pattern of circulating LH isoforms changes between 30 and 180 min after GnRH peak induction, with a greater proportion of isoform C (eluting between pH 7.0 and 6.5) at T180 compared with T30 and T90.

Pituitary and testicular endocrine responses to exogenous gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and luteinising hormone in male dogs treated with GnRH agonist implants

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 891 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Junaidi ◽  
P. E. Williamson ◽  
G. B. Martin ◽  
P. G. Stanton ◽  
M. A. Blackberry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Luteinising Hormone ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Release Formulation ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Slow Release Formulation ◽  
Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Lh Releasing Hormone

The present study tested whether exogenous gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and luteinising hormone (LH) can stimulate LH and testosterone secretion in dogs chronically treated with a GnRH superagonist. Twenty male adult dogs were assigned to a completely randomised design comprising five groups of four animals. Each dog in the control group received a blank implant (placebo) and each dog in the other four groups received a 6-mg implant containing a slow-release formulation of deslorelin (d-Trp6-Pro9-des-Gly10–LH-releasing hormone ethylamide). The same four control dogs were used for all hormonal challenges, whereas a different deslorelin-implanted group was used for each challenge. Native GnRH (5 μg kg–1 bodyweight, i.v.) was injected on Days 15, 25, 40 and 100 after implantation, whereas bovine LH (0.5 μg kg–1 bodyweight, i.v.) was injected on Days 16, 26, 41 and 101. On all occasions after Day 25–26 postimplantation, exogenous GnRH and LH elicited higher plasma concentrations of LH and testosterone in control than deslorelin-treated animals (P < 0.05). It was concluded that, in male dogs, implantation of a GnRH superagonist desensitised the pituitary gonadotrophs to GnRH and also led to a desensitisation of the Leydig cells to LH. This explains, at least in part, the profound reduction in the production of androgen and spermatozoa in deslorelin-treated male dogs.

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