Morphological and Physiological Comparisons of Clonal Lines of Eucalyptus camaldulensis. II. Responses to Waterlogging/Salinity and Alkalinity

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 509 ◽  
Author(s):  
RCC Farrell ◽  
DT Bell ◽  
K Akilan ◽  
JK Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Clonal Lines ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis Dehnh ◽  
The Impact

Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. has previously been shown to survive and grow in waterlogged, highly saline and highly alkaline soils. The ability of six clones from five provenances of E. camaldulensis to produce biomass and utilise water, and the processes of stomatal conductance and gas exchange under stress conditions was examined under controlled conditions in a glasshouse. A clone originally from Wooramel, Western Australia (M80) produced the largest total plant biomass, the greatest total leaf area and greatest total root dry weight under conditions of waterlogging and gradually increasing salinity. A second clone from Wooramel (M16), however, tended to be among the least productive of the clones under this stress, indicating the wide potential variation in stress tolerance of trees from a single provenance. The response of clones to alkalinity stress was comparable to that measured under waterlogging/salinity stress. Water use was closely related to biomass production. Leaves produced while under salinity and alkalinity stress were comparable in ion content to those produced prior to the test conditions. An ability to control uptake by roots or limit ion transport to leaf tissues were hypothesised as controlling physiological functions resulting in tolerance to severe soil ion imbalances in this species. The impact of solution conductivity on stomatal conductance and water use, secondarily affected photosynthetic rates in these clones of E. camaldulensis. Tolerance of extreme conditions provides the opportunity to use these genotypes to reclaim damaged agricultural landscapes and mine spoils of high soil solution ion concentrations.

Responses of clonal river red gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) to waterlogging by fresh and salt water

1997 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 243 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Akilan ◽  
R. C. C. Farrell ◽  
D. T. Bell ◽  
J. K. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Saline Groundwater ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis Dehnh ◽  
River Red Gum

Summary. Effects of waterlogging by fresh and salt water on growth, water use, stomatal conductance and net gas exchange of 2 clones (M80 and M66) of river red gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh.) were studied under glasshouse conditions for 16 weeks over winter. Both clones tolerated extended periods of waterlogging with fresh water without effects on growth, stomatal conductance or net gas exchange. Formation of adventitious roots in the soil surface under waterlogging with fresh water was earlier in clone M80 than clone M66, as was recovery in water use. Thus, clone M80 may be more tolerant of soil saturation with fresh water than clone M66. In contrast, clone M66 may be more suited to saline conditions. Greater uptake of Na+ and Cl- occurred in clone M80. Lower water uptake of salt water and possibly greater tissue tolerance of salt by clone M66 may lead to greater survival under conditions where plants use saline groundwater. The results suggest that clone M80 would survive and utilise water when planted further upslope of highly salinised areas, with clone M66 better able to survive closer to such areas. The variation demonstrated between clones of E. camaldulensis indicates closer matching of their reclamation potential and the environmental conditions of damaged catchments should be possible.

The effect of spacing on the growth ofEucalyptus camaldulensison salt-affected soils of the Punjab, Pakistan

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 2434-2444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javaid Akhtar ◽  
Z. A. Saqib ◽  
R. H. Qureshi ◽  
M. A. Haq ◽  
M. S. Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Wood Volume ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Salt Affected Soils ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis Dehnh ◽  
The Impact ◽  
I 31

This study compared the performance of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. planted at four spacings (2.0 m × 2.0 m, 2.5 m × 2.5 m, 3.0 m × 3.0 m, and 3.5 m × 3.5 m) at three experimental saline sites in Punjab province of Pakistan over 5 years and assessed the impact of these planting densities on soil salinity amelioration. Tree response was assessed by measuring survival, height, and diameter at breast height (DBH) of trees at 1, 2, and 5 years as well as wood volume after 5 years. Wood volume per hectare, height, and DBH were greater at sites I and II than at site III. The 3.0 m × 3.0 m spacing resulted in taller trees, but DBH and wood volume were greater with the 3.5 m × 3.5 m spacing. The study confirmed that initial tree spacing or density has a significant impact on the subsequent height, DBH, and wood volume of E. camaldulensis plants. The study also showed that broad spacing could be a better option in saline environments. There was a definite reduction in soil salinity (electrical conductivity, ECe) at five soil depths after 5 years of tree growth at all sites and spacing treatments, with reductions varying from 46% to 47% at site I, 31% to 52% at site II, and 25% to 58% at site III. Soil ECewas generally higher in surface (0–15 cm) soils.

Utilization of kudzu as a lead phytoremediator and the impact of lead on selected physiological responses

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 951-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin Schwarzauer-Rockett ◽  
Safaa H. Al-Hamdani ◽  
James R. Rayburn ◽  
Nixon O. Mwebi
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Lead Concentration ◽  
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
The Impact

Schwarzauer-Rockett, K., Al-Hamdani, S. H., Rayburn, J. R. and Mwebi, N. O. 2013. Utilization of kudzu as a lead phytoremediator and the impact of lead on selected physiological responses. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 951–959. This study was carried out to evaluate kudzu [Pueraria montana var. lobata (Willd.)] in lead phytoremediation. The impact of lead (PbNO3) concentrations of 100 and 200 mg L−1 on plant growth, photosynthetic pigments, photosynthesis, and stomatal conductance were evaluated. Additionally, concentrations of phenolic compounds and anthocyanin were determined. The lead was dissolved in 0.142 g L−1 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and an EDTA control treatment was added to evaluate the impact of EDTA on the above selected plant responses. Root accumulation of lead was significantly higher than in the shoot. Kudzu growth in response to the presence of lead and EDTA in the Hoagland's solution was similar to that of the EDTA control, except for plants growing at 200 mg L−1, which showed significantly lower root dry weight. Total phenolic compounds increased with the presence of EDTA and lead in the Hoagland's solution. Photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, carotenoids, and anthocyanin were not different (P≤0.05) among the treatments, with the exception that carotenoids were significantly higher in plants growing in the presence of EDTA without lead compared with 200 mg L−1 lead concentration. Kudzu accumulated most of the lead in the root and therefore can be considered as a rhizofiltrator. As kudzu was able to accumulate 1.02% (wt/wt) of lead it can be considered a hyper-accumulator.

scholarly journals Effect of fertigation with potassium and nitrogen on gas exchange and biomass accumulation in eggplant1

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-352
Author(s):  
Álvaro Henrique Cândido de Souza ◽  
Roberto Rezende ◽  
Marcelo Zolin Lorenzoni ◽  
Fernando André Silva Santos ◽  
André Maller
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Internal Co2 ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Total Dry Weight

ABSTRACT Adequate crop fertilization is one of the challenges for agriculture. Measuring gas exchange and biomass accumulation may be used to adjust crop management. The effect of fertigation with potassium (0 kg ha-1, 54 kg ha-1, 108 kg ha-1 and 216 kg ha-1) and nitrogen (0 kg ha-1, 67 kg ha-1, 134 kg ha-1 and 268 kg ha-1) on gas exchange and biomass accumulation in eggplant was assessed under greenhouse conditions. The net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, internal CO2 concentration, instantaneous carboxylation efficiency, water-use efficiency and total dry weight were evaluated. With the exception of K for water-use efficiency and N for internal CO2 concentration, all the other gas exchange parameters were significantly affected by the K and N doses. There was an interaction between N and K doses for net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency. The highest values for net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, carboxylation instantaneous efficiency and total dry weight were found in the range of 125-185 kg ha-1 of K and 215-268 kg ha-1 of N.

scholarly journals Grafting onto an Appropriate Rootstock Reduces the Impact on Yield and Quality of Controlled Deficit Irrigated Pepper Crops

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1529
Author(s):  
Ramón Gisbert-Mullor ◽  
Nuria Pascual-Seva ◽  
María Amparo Martínez-Gimeno ◽  
Lidia López-Serrano ◽  
Eduardo Badal Marín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Volumetric Soil Water Content ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Irrigation Water Use ◽  
Water Potential Measurements ◽  
The Impact

In this study, hybrid pepper rootstock NIBER® is tested for its ability to overcome water stress situations under soil conditions. The impact of deficit irrigation (DI) on yield and fruit quality, irrigation water use efficiency is evaluated, and consequently, the agronomic impact of employing water-stress tolerant rootstock is compared to ungrafted pepper plants. For this purpose, plants of the California-type sweet pepper ‘Maestral F1’ grafted onto NIBER® underwent a sustained DI regime during seasons 2018 and 2019 and were compared to their respective controls. Plants were drip-fertirrigated, and volumetric soil water content was continuously monitored by capacitance sensors. Gas exchange and leaf water potential measurements were taken early in the morning and midday 58, 79, and 114 days after transplanting. Plant and fruit dry biomass, marketable quality, blossom-end rot incidence and harvest index were also determined. For consecutive years, our results confirmed that grafting a pepper cultivar onto an appropriate rootstock (NIBER® in this case) as part of a DI strategy can overcome the negative effects of sustained water stress conditions. The plant biomass production and fruit yields of grafted plants were less affected by DI due to less sensitivity to water stress. This can be attributed to a less marked reduction in shoot dry weight in the grafted plants, which allowed greater whole photosynthesis by maintaining sink activity compared to ungrafted plants.

scholarly journals PHYTOEXTRACTION OF CADMIUM AND LEAD FROM A CONTAMINATED SOIL USING EUCALYPTUS SEEDLINGS

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 810-827
Author(s):  
Al-Salmany & Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Translocation Factor ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Accumulation Coefficient ◽  
Percentage Decrease ◽  
Dry Soil ◽  
Leaves And Roots ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis Dehnh ◽  
Cadmium And Lead

This study aims to estimate critical concentrations of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in the soil which negatively affect growth of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. seedlings, and to estimate some phytoextraction parameters for heavy metals (HM) from the soil to evaluate efficiency of seedlings in their potential use in phytotechnology to improve the environment with phytoremediation. Eucalyptus seedlings were treated with Cd concentrations 0, 25, 55, 85, and 110 mg kg-1 dry soil as CdCl2, and Pb concentrations 0, 125, 250, 450, and 550 mg kg-1 dry soil as PbCl2, and the experiment was designed using the completely randomized design (CRD) as a two-factor factorial experiments and the data were analyzed using SAS system. Results showed that the highest percentage decrease in dry weight of stems, leaves and roots were 55, 68.6, and 67.2%, respectively, at the interaction (110 Cd and 550 Pb) mg kg-1 dry soil compared with control, and Cd concentrations in stems, leaves and roots ranged between (0.375-372.167), (0.417-128.167) and (0.583-162.083) mg kg-1, respectively and Pb concentrations in stems, leaves and roots ranged between (9.583-62.375), (10.042-20.417) and (2.875-73.500) mg kg-1. It was found that values ​​of translocation factor (TF), biological accumulation coefficient (BAC), bioconcentration factor (BCF) and concentration index (CI) for Cd ranged between (0.611-4.239), (1.333-28.790), (0.383- 16.840) and (1-490.812) respectively, and values ​​of TF, BAC, BCF, and CI of Pb ranged between (0.275-5.702), (0.769-4.246), (0.295-7.539) and (1-3.833) respectively, and tolerance index (TI) values ​​ranged between (0.370-1). We concluded that Eucalyptus seedlings are suitable for phytoextraction applications within phytoremediation processes of soils contaminated with Cd and Pb.

scholarly journals Effect of Nutrient Supply on Some Selected Parameters of Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum L. cv. ‘HRF’) Transplants

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 455-460
Author(s):  
Aleš Jezdinský ◽  
Robert Pokluda ◽  
Katalin Slezák
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Nitrogen Deficiency ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Use Efficiency

In the trial the effect of nitrogen deficiency and potassium surplus on the dry weight, photosynthetic activity (A), transpiration (E), stomatal conductance (gs) and water use efficiency (WUE) were examined. The macroelement content of aboveground parts were analysed, too. The plants were grown in pots filled by pure Sphagnum peat. The top-dressing started in the 3-leave stage of plants, with different solution (every irrigation): control treatment: 0.28 g N, 0.097 g P (0.22 g P2O5), 0.42 g K (0.50 g K2O) per litre; nitrogen-deficiency: 0.097 g P (0.22 g P2O5), 0.42 g K (0.50 g K2O) per litre; potassium surplus: 0.28 g N, 0.097 g P (0.22 g P2O5), 0.83 g K (1.0 g K2O) per litre. The transplants grown in the commercial fertilization technology (control treatment) almost in every evaluated parameters shown average value. The potassium surplus resulted significantly higher transpiration activity (2.58 mmol H2O. m−2. s−1) and photosynthetic activity (11.54 μmol CO2. m−2. s−1) than the nitrogen deficiency (E: 1.91 mmol H2O. m−2. s−1and A: 9.01 μmol CO2. m−2. s−1), but without significant differences with control treatment. The N, P and K content of aboveground parts was significantly lower in the nitrogen deficiency treatment, than in the case of the potassium surplus, too. The effect of treatments on the dry weight of the plants, the stomatal conductance and the water use efficiency was not proven statistically.

Morphological and Physiological Comparisons of Clonal Lines of Eucalyptus camaldulensis. I. Responses to Drought and Waterlogging

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 497 ◽  
Author(s):  
RCC Farrell ◽  
DT Bell ◽  
K Akilan ◽  
JK Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Agricultural Catchments ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Clonal Lines ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis Dehnh

Morphological and physiological responses to drought and waterlogging of six clonal lines of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh., originally from five geographically separated locations, were compared under controlled glasshouse conditions. The clones differed significantly in their ability to produce leaf and root tissue during stress periods. Clones which produced the greatest numbers of leaves (Dongara, WA clone M76 and Silverton, NSW clone M79) had leaves of low specific weight, while clones which produced fewer leaves (Erudina, SA clone M66 and Murray Bridge, SA clone M86) had leaves of relatively high specific weight. Clonal lines that produced the greatest leaf area also produced the greatest root weight. Comparisons of water use produced fewer differences, although clone M76, which produced the greatest number of leaves and the greatest total leaf area, also used the most water in both the drought and waterlogging trials. Stomatal conductance, net gas exchange and leaf nutrient allocation did not differ greatly among the clonal lines. An ability to produce and maintain transpiration surface appears the most valuable physiological attribute of plants selected to dewater damaged agricultural catchments currently being subjected to increasing periods of waterlogging due to excessive clearing of native woodlands.

scholarly journals Impact of Harvest Time and Pruning Technique on Total CBD Concentration and Yield of Medicinal Cannabis

Plants ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Danilo Crispim Massuela ◽  
Jens Hartung ◽  
Sebastian Munz ◽  
Federico Erpenbach ◽  
Simone Graeff-Hönninger
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Medical Cannabis ◽  
Medicinal Cannabis ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

The definition of optimum harvest and pruning interventions are important factors varying inflorescence yield and cannabinoid composition. This study investigated the impact of (i) harvest time (HT) and (ii) pruning techniques (PT) on plant biomass accumulation, CBD and CBDA-concentrations and total CBD yield of a chemotype III medical cannabis genotype under indoor cultivation. The experiment consisted of four HTs between 5 and 11 weeks of flowering and three PTs-apical cut (T); removal of side shoots (L) and control (C), not pruned plants. Results showed that inflorescence dry weight increased continuously, while the total CBD concentration did not differ significantly over time. For the studied genotype, optimum harvest time defined by highest total CBD yield was found at 9 weeks of flowering. Total CBD-concentration of inflorescences in different fractions of the plant’s height was significantly higher in the top (9.9%) in comparison with mid (8.2%) and low (7.7%) fractions. The T plants produced significantly higher dry weight of inflorescences and leaves than L and C. Total CBD yield of inflorescences for PTs were significantly different among pruned groups, but do not differ from the control group. However, a trend for higher yields was observed (T > C > L).

scholarly journals Water Relations and Growth of Vinca Following Chemical Growth Regulation

1995 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-21
Author(s):  
Kim P. Fuller ◽  
Jayne M. Zajicek
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Growth Regulation ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Plant Water Use ◽  
Chemically Treated ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

Abstract Growth of vinca (Vinca major (L.)) was limited by either a medium drench application of uniconazole of 2 or 4 mg a.i. per pot or a foliar spray application of 2, 4, or 6.25 mg a.i. per plant, both applied in 25 ml (0.75 fl oz) of water. Shoot length, leaf number, leaf area, leaf dry weight and stem dry weight averaged over uniconazole treatments were 51%, 45%, 32%, 33%, and 38% less than control plants, respectively. When compared to control plants, water use of chemically treated plants was reduced by 35% due to the reduction of leaf area and also lower stomatal conductance readings. Stomatal conductance readings of chemically treated plants were 2 to 5 times less than control plants indicating the plant size was not the only factor affecting plant water use.

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