Responses of clonal river red gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) to waterlogging by fresh and salt water

1997 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 243 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Akilan ◽  
R. C. C. Farrell ◽  
D. T. Bell ◽  
J. K. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Saline Groundwater ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis Dehnh ◽  
River Red Gum

Summary. Effects of waterlogging by fresh and salt water on growth, water use, stomatal conductance and net gas exchange of 2 clones (M80 and M66) of river red gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh.) were studied under glasshouse conditions for 16 weeks over winter. Both clones tolerated extended periods of waterlogging with fresh water without effects on growth, stomatal conductance or net gas exchange. Formation of adventitious roots in the soil surface under waterlogging with fresh water was earlier in clone M80 than clone M66, as was recovery in water use. Thus, clone M80 may be more tolerant of soil saturation with fresh water than clone M66. In contrast, clone M66 may be more suited to saline conditions. Greater uptake of Na+ and Cl- occurred in clone M80. Lower water uptake of salt water and possibly greater tissue tolerance of salt by clone M66 may lead to greater survival under conditions where plants use saline groundwater. The results suggest that clone M80 would survive and utilise water when planted further upslope of highly salinised areas, with clone M66 better able to survive closer to such areas. The variation demonstrated between clones of E. camaldulensis indicates closer matching of their reclamation potential and the environmental conditions of damaged catchments should be possible.

Morphological and Physiological Comparisons of Clonal Lines of Eucalyptus camaldulensis. II. Responses to Waterlogging/Salinity and Alkalinity

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 509 ◽  
Author(s):  
RCC Farrell ◽  
DT Bell ◽  
K Akilan ◽  
JK Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Clonal Lines ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis Dehnh ◽  
The Impact

Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. has previously been shown to survive and grow in waterlogged, highly saline and highly alkaline soils. The ability of six clones from five provenances of E. camaldulensis to produce biomass and utilise water, and the processes of stomatal conductance and gas exchange under stress conditions was examined under controlled conditions in a glasshouse. A clone originally from Wooramel, Western Australia (M80) produced the largest total plant biomass, the greatest total leaf area and greatest total root dry weight under conditions of waterlogging and gradually increasing salinity. A second clone from Wooramel (M16), however, tended to be among the least productive of the clones under this stress, indicating the wide potential variation in stress tolerance of trees from a single provenance. The response of clones to alkalinity stress was comparable to that measured under waterlogging/salinity stress. Water use was closely related to biomass production. Leaves produced while under salinity and alkalinity stress were comparable in ion content to those produced prior to the test conditions. An ability to control uptake by roots or limit ion transport to leaf tissues were hypothesised as controlling physiological functions resulting in tolerance to severe soil ion imbalances in this species. The impact of solution conductivity on stomatal conductance and water use, secondarily affected photosynthetic rates in these clones of E. camaldulensis. Tolerance of extreme conditions provides the opportunity to use these genotypes to reclaim damaged agricultural landscapes and mine spoils of high soil solution ion concentrations.

Boron Supply and Water Deficit Consequences in Young Paricá (Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum) Plants

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 250-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bianca do Carmo SILVA ◽  
Pêola Reis de SOUZA ◽  
Daihany Moraes CALLEGARI ◽  
Vanessa Ferreira ALVES ◽  
Allan Klynger da Silva LOBATO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Tolerance Mechanism ◽  
Schizolobium Parahyba ◽  
Use Efficiency

Boron (B) is a very important nutrient required by forest plants; when supplied in adequate amounts, plants can ameliorate the negative effects of abiotic stresses. The objective of this study was to (i) investigate gas exchange, (ii) measure oxidant and antioxidant compounds, and (iii) respond how B supply acts on tolerance mechanism to water deficit in young Schizolobium parahyba plants. The experiment employed a factorial that was entirely randomised, with two boron levels (25 and 250 µmol L-1, simulating conditions of sufficient B and high B, respectively) and two water conditions (control and water deficit). Water deficit induced negative modifications on net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and water use efficiency, while B high promoted intensification of the effects on stomatal conductance and water use efficiency. Hydrogen peroxide and electrolyte leakage of both tissues suffered non-significant increases after B high and when applied water deficit. Ascorbate levels presented increases after water deficit and B high to leaf and root. Our results suggested that the tolerance mechanism to water deficit in young Schizolobium parahyba plants is coupled to increases in total glutathione and ascorbate aiming to control the overproduction of hydrogen peroxide and alleviates the negative consequences on electrolyte leakage and gas exchange. In relation to B supply, this study proved that sufficient level promoted better responses under control and water deficit conditions.

scholarly journals Gas exchanges and photosynthetic efficiency in sub-forest species from Atlantic Forest

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. e43952870
Author(s):  
Magnólia Martins Alves ◽  
Manoel Bandeira de Albuquerque ◽  
Renata Ranielly Pedroza Cruz ◽  
Mário Luiz Farias Cavalcanti
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Forest Understory ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Gas Exchanges ◽  
Endogenous Factors ◽  
Intrinsic Efficiency

The availability of light is one of the factors that most limits the photosynthesis of juvenile trees in the understory of the forest. The study was carried out in the Mata do Pau-Ferro State Park, located in the city of Areia, PB. The objective of this study was to evaluate how gas exchanges occur in individuals of Psychotria colorata (Willd. Ex Roem & Schult.), Senna georgica Irwin & Barneby, Himatanthus phagedaenicus (Mart.) Woodson, Solanum swartzianum Roem. & Schult, Psychotria carthagenensis Jacq.e Psychotria hoffmannseggiana (Willd. ex Schult.) in the understory of a remnant of Mata Atlântica. The rate of photosynthesis (A), transpiration (E), stomatal conductance (Gs), internal CO2 concentration (Ci) leaf temperature-air temperature (°C), and internal carbon (Ci), instantaneous efficiency of water use (EUA) (A/E), Intrinsic efficiency of water use (EiUC) (A/Gs) and the intrinsic efficiency of carboxylation (ratio A/Ci). The rates of maximum photosynthesis (A), photosynthesis (E) and stomatal conductance (Gs) were shown to be influenced by the time of day, as there was no interference of external factors in the diurnal patterns of gas exchange, variations are due to endogenous factors, probably due to the circadian rhythm. The parameter of the gas exchange of sub-forest species responds differently, in the small variations in the luminosity levels of the forest understory

scholarly journals Variability among Young Table Grape Cultivars in Response to Water Deficit and Water Use Efficiency

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolin Weiler ◽  
Nikolaus Merkt ◽  
Jens Hartung ◽  
Simone Graeff-Hönninger
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Table Grape ◽  
Water Limitation ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Response To Water ◽  
Grape Cultivars

Climate change will lead to higher frequencies and durations of water limitations during the growing season, which may affect table grape yield. The aim of this experiment was to determine the variability among 3-year old table grape cultivars under the influence of prolonged water deficit during fruit development on gas exchange, growth, and water use efficiency. Six own rooted, potted table grape cultivars (cv. ‘Muscat Bleu’, ‘Fanny’, ‘Nero’, ‘Palatina’, ‘Crimson Seedless’ and ‘Thompson Seedless’) were subjected to three water deficit treatments (Control treatment with daily irrigation to 75% of available water capacity (AWC), moderate (50% AWC), and severe water deficit treatment (25% AWC)) for three consecutive years during vegetative growth/fruit development. Water deficit reduced assimilation, stomatal conductance, and transpiration, and increased water use efficiencies (WUE) with severity of water limitation. While leaf area and number of leaves were not affected by treatments in any of the tested cultivars, the response of specific leaf area to water deficit depended on the cultivar. Plant dry mass decreased with increasing water limitation. Overall, high variability of cultivars to gas exchange and water use efficiencies in response to water limitation was observed. ’Palatina’ was the cultivar having a high productivity (high net assimilation) and low water use (low stomatal conductance) and the cultivar ‘Fanny’ was characterized by the highest amount of total annual dry mass as well as the highest total dry mass production per water supplied during the experiment (WUEDM). Hence, ‘Fanny’ and ‘Palatina’ have shown to be cultivars able to cope with water limiting conditions and should be extensively tested in further studies.

scholarly journals Effect of fertigation with potassium and nitrogen on gas exchange and biomass accumulation in eggplant1

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-352
Author(s):  
Álvaro Henrique Cândido de Souza ◽  
Roberto Rezende ◽  
Marcelo Zolin Lorenzoni ◽  
Fernando André Silva Santos ◽  
André Maller
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Internal Co2 ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Total Dry Weight

ABSTRACT Adequate crop fertilization is one of the challenges for agriculture. Measuring gas exchange and biomass accumulation may be used to adjust crop management. The effect of fertigation with potassium (0 kg ha-1, 54 kg ha-1, 108 kg ha-1 and 216 kg ha-1) and nitrogen (0 kg ha-1, 67 kg ha-1, 134 kg ha-1 and 268 kg ha-1) on gas exchange and biomass accumulation in eggplant was assessed under greenhouse conditions. The net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, internal CO2 concentration, instantaneous carboxylation efficiency, water-use efficiency and total dry weight were evaluated. With the exception of K for water-use efficiency and N for internal CO2 concentration, all the other gas exchange parameters were significantly affected by the K and N doses. There was an interaction between N and K doses for net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency. The highest values for net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, carboxylation instantaneous efficiency and total dry weight were found in the range of 125-185 kg ha-1 of K and 215-268 kg ha-1 of N.

scholarly journals IS ABSCISIC ACID INVOLVED IN THE DROUGHT RESPONSES OF BRAZILIAN GREEN DWARF COCONUT?

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. P. GOMES ◽  
M. A. OLIVA ◽  
M. S. MIELKE ◽  
A-A. F. DE ALMEIDA ◽  
H. G. LEITE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Recovery Cycles ◽  
Mild Drought

SUMMARYAbscisic acid (ABA) accumulation in leaves of drought-stressed coconut palms and its involvement with stomatal regulation of gas exchange during and after stress were investigated. Two Brazilian Green Dwarf coconut ecotypes from hot/humid and hot/dry environments were submitted to three consecutive drying/recovery cycles under greenhouse conditions. ABA accumulated in leaflets before significant changes in pre-dawn leaflet water potential (ΨPD) and did not recover completely in the two ecotypes after 8 days of rewatering. Stomatal conductance was influenced by ABA under mild drought and by ΨPD under severe drought. There were no significant differences between the ecotypes for most variables measured. However, the ecotype from a hot/dry environment showed higher water use efficiency after repeated cycles of water stress.

scholarly journals Gas exchange and photosynthetic pigments in zucchini plants under cattle bio-fertilization and sources of nitrogen

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e8099118107
Author(s):  
Damiana Ferreira da Silva Dantas ◽  
Ronaldo Nascimento ◽  
Ademar Pereira Oliveira ◽  
Lourival Ferreira Cavalcante ◽  
Naysa Flávia Ferreira Nascimento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Carboxylation Efficiency ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Use Efficiency

Zucchini is traditionally used in human consumption, however, the scarcity of information, especially about fertilization and the physiological aspects of this crop, constitutes a major obstacle its cultivation and commercialization. The objective was evaluate the chlorophyll content and gas exchange under cattle bio-fertilization and different sources of nitrogen. The work was carried a randomized block experimental design was used in a factorial scheme 5 x 3 + 1 composed of five cattle bio-fertilizer concentrations, three sources of nitrogen and an additional treatment without nitrogen. The levels of chlorophyll a, b and total, liquid photosynthesis, transpiration, internal CO2 concentration, stomatal conductance, instantaneous water use efficiency, and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency were evaluated. The studied variables were influenced by the interaction between the concentrations of the cattle bio-fertilizer and the nitrogen sources, except for the chlorophyll b content and the instantaneous water use efficiency, which responded only to the nitrogen sources. Ammonium sulfate and urea increased increase the physiological variables evaluated. The combination of ammonium sulfate with bio-fertilizer promoted an increase in chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll, liquid photosynthesis, transpiration, internal carbon concentration, stomatal conductance, and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency. The cattle bio-fertilizer in the soil without nitrogen did not increase the physiological variables evaluated.

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