Sugar Metabolism and Compartmentation

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 227 ◽  
Author(s):  
JS Hawker ◽  
CF Jenner ◽  
CM Niemietz
Keyword(s):  
Higher Plants ◽  
Sugar Metabolism ◽  
Current Interest ◽  
Sucrose Transport ◽  
Inorganic Pyrophosphate ◽  
General Picture ◽  
Transport Control

A brief general picture of areas of current interest in the field of sugar metabolism and compartmentation in higher plants is presented. The control of partitioning of carbohydrate between sucrose and starch in leaves (source), the breakdown and utilisation of sucrose in sinks, and the storage of sugars and starch in sinks is described. Pathways of sucrose transport (excluding plasmalemma transport), control of sugar metabolism by fructose 2,6-bisphosphate, the role and source of inorganic pyrophosphate in sugar metabolism and the transport of carbon across the amyloplast envelope receive special attention.

Sucrose Transport in Higher Plants

1997 ◽  
pp. 41-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Ward ◽  
Christina Kühn ◽  
Mechthild Tegeder ◽  
Wolf B. Frommer
Keyword(s):  
Higher Plants ◽  
Sucrose Transport

scholarly journals Characterization of a vacuolar sucrose transporter, HbSUT5, from Hevea brasiliensis: involvement in latex production through regulation of intracellular sucrose transport in the bark and laticifers

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
xiangyu long ◽  
Heping Li ◽  
Jianghua Yang ◽  
Lusheng Xin ◽  
Bin He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Transcript Level ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Sucrose Transporter ◽  
Sucrose Transport ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Rubber Biosynthesis ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
Latex Production

Abstract Background: Sucrose (Suc), as the precursor molecule for rubber biosynthesis in Hevea brasiliensis, is transported via phloem-mediated long-distance transport from leaves to laticifers in trunk bark, where latex (cytoplasm of laticifers) is tapped for rubber. Suc transporters (SUTs) play important roles during various steps of Suc transport in higher plants. Results: In our previous report, six SUT genes have been cloned in Hevea tree, among which HbSUT3 has been verified to play an active role in Suc loading to the laticifers. In this study, another latex-abundant SUT isoform, HbSUT5, with expressions only inferior to HbSUT3 was characterized especially for its roles in latex production. Both phylogenetic analysis and subcellular localization identify HbSUT5 as a SUT4-clade (=type III) vacuolar membrane SUT, suggesting its potential participation in Suc exchange between lutoids (polydispersed microvacuoles) and cytosol in latex. Suc uptake assay in yeast identifies HbSUT5 as a typical Suc-H+ symporter, but the high affinity of HbSUT5 for Suc (Km = 2.03 mM at pH 5.5) and its similar efficiency in transporting maltose making it a peculiar SUT under the SUT4-clade. At the transcript level, HbSUT5 is abundantly and preferentially expressed in Hevea barks. It is contrary to HbSUT3 that the transcripts of HbSUT5 are obviously decreased both in Hevea latex and bark during the treatments of tapping and ethephon, indicating it counteracts the yield-stimulating effects of two treatments. Conclusions: A vacuolar sucrose transporter, HbSUT5, may play an important role in Suc exchange between lutoids (polydispersed vacuoles) and latex in laticifers. It is better to understand that the whole HbSUT family regulate and control Suc accumulation in laticifers, influencing rubber yield formation in Hevea.

Chemo-electrical energy conversion of Adenosine triphosphate in a Biological Ion Transporter

2006 ◽  
Vol 949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishnu Baba Sundaresan ◽  
Stephen Andrew Sarles ◽  
Brian J Goode ◽  
Donald J Leo
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membranes ◽  
Fluid Transport ◽  
Lipid Membrane ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Power Source ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Sucrose Transport ◽  
Long Distance

ABSTRACTIon transport across cell membranes happens through protein channels and pumps expending concentration gradients, electrical gradients and energy from chemical reactions. Ion exchange in cell membranes is responsible for nutrient transport from production sites to where they are broken down to release energy. Sucrose transport is vital for growth in higher plants and recent research has led to the discovery of a class of sugar carriers called SUT4. The SUT4 transporter is a low affinity, high capacity proton-sucrose transporter that participates in long distance sucrose transport in higher plants. We demonstrated the possibility to use purified SUT4 transporter proteins — with the genetic code from Arabidopsis thaliana expressed on yeast cells — for fluid transport driven by pH gradient and from exergonic ATP hydrolysis reaction in the presence of ATP-ase enzyme. The SUT4 proteins were reconstituted on a planar bilayer lipid membrane formed from 1-Palmitoyl-2-Oleoyl-sn-Glycero-3-[Phospho-L-Serine] (Sodium Salt) (POPS), 1-Palmitoyl-2-Oleoyl-sn-Glycero- 3-Phosphoethanolamine (POPE) phospholipids on a porous substrate. This article builds upon our previous work to harness energy from the ATP-ase reaction using SUT4 to produce a proton current through SUT4 and demonstrates the technical feasibility to generate electrical current in an external circuit. The results from our characterization experiments on a single cell demonstrate that the power source behaves like a constant current power source with an internal resistance of 10-22 kΩ and produces a peak power of 150 nW.

Why don't plants have diabetes? Systems for scavenging reactive carbonyls in photosynthetic organisms

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 543-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ginga Shimakawa ◽  
Mayumi Suzuki ◽  
Eriko Yamamoto ◽  
Ryota Saito ◽  
Tatsuya Iwamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Sugar Metabolism ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Photosynthetic Organisms

In the present paper, we review the toxicity of sugar- and lipid-derived RCs (reactive carbonyls) and the RC-scavenging systems observed in photosynthetic organisms. Similar to heterotrophs, photosynthetic organisms are exposed to the danger of RCs produced in sugar metabolism during both respiration and photosynthesis. RCs such as methylglyoxal and acrolein have toxic effects on the photosynthetic activity of higher plants and cyanobacteria. These toxic effects are assumed to occur uniquely in photosynthetic organisms, suggesting that RC-scavenging systems are essential for their survival. The aldo–keto reductase and the glyoxalase systems mainly scavenge sugar-derived RCs in higher plants and cyanobacteria. 2-Alkenal reductase and alkenal/alkenone reductase catalyse the reduction of lipid-derived RCs in higher plants. In cyanobacteria, medium-chain dehydrogenases/reductases are the main scavengers of lipid-derived RCs.

scholarly journals Expression of Sucrose Transporters from Vitis vinifera Confer High Yield and Enhances Drought Resistance in Arabidopsis

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2624
Author(s):  
Yumeng Cai ◽  
Jing Yan ◽  
Wenrui Tu ◽  
Zhefang Deng ◽  
Wenjie Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Transgenic Arabidopsis ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Sucrose Transport ◽  
Sucrose Transporters ◽  
Promising Target ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Sucrose is the predominant form of sugar transported from photosynthetic (source) to non-photosynthetic (sink) organs in higher plants relying on the transporting function of sucrose transporters (SUTs or SUCs). Many SUTs have been identified and characterized in both monocots and dicots. However, the function of sucrose transporters (SUTs or SUCs) from Vitis is not clear. As the world’s most planted grape species, Vitis vinifera owns three sucrose transport activity verified SUTs. In this study, we constructed three kinds of VvSUC (Vitis vinifera SUC)-overexpressing transgenic Arabidopsis. VvSUC-overexpressing transgenic Arabidopsis was cultured on sucrose-supplemented medium. VvSUC11- and VvSUC12-overexpressing lines had similar thrived growth phenotypes, whereas the size and number of leaves and roots from VvSUC27-overexpressing lines were reduced compared with that of WT. When plants were cultured in soil, all SUT transgenic seedlings produced more number of leaves and siliques, resulting in higher yield (38.6% for VvSUC12-transformants) than that of WT. Besides, VvSUC27-transformants and VvSUC11-transformants enhanced drought resistance in Arabidopsis, providing a promising target for crop improvement

Update on sucrose transport in higher plants

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (Special_Issue) ◽  
pp. 935-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Kühn ◽  
Laurence Barker ◽  
Lukas Bürkle ◽  
Wolf-Bernd Frommer
Keyword(s):  
Higher Plants ◽  
Sucrose Transport

scholarly journals Sugar Metabolism and Transcriptome Analysis Reveal Key Sugar Transporters during Camellia oleifera Fruit Development

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 822
Author(s):  
Yu He ◽  
Ruifan Chen ◽  
Ying Yang ◽  
Guichan Liang ◽  
Heng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Development ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Sugar Transport ◽  
Sugar Metabolism ◽  
Sucrose Metabolism ◽  
Metabolic Enzyme ◽  
Camellia Oleifera ◽  
Sucrose Transport

Camellia oleifera is a widely planted woody oil crop with economic significance because it does not occupy cultivated land. The sugar-derived acetyl-CoA is the basic building block in fatty acid synthesis and oil synthesis in C. oleifera fruit; however, sugar metabolism in this species is uncharacterized. Herein, the changes in sugar content and metabolic enzyme activity and the transcriptomic changes during C. oleifera fruit development were determined in four developmental stages (CR6: young fruit formation; CR7: expansion; CR9: oil transformation; CR10: ripening). CR7 was the key period of sugar metabolism since it had the highest amount of soluble sugar, sucrose, and glucose with a high expression of genes related to sugar transport (four sucrose transporters (SUTs) or and one SWEET-like gene, also known as a sugar, will eventually be exported transporters) and metabolism. The significant positive correlation between their expression and sucrose content suggests that they may be the key genes responsible for sucrose transport and content maintenance. Significantly differentially expressed genes enriched in the starch and sucrose metabolism pathway were observed in the CR6 versus CR10 stages according to KEGG annotation. The 26 enriched candidate genes related to sucrose metabolism provide a molecular basis for further sugar metabolism studies in C. oleifera fruit.

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